Play Airlines Reviews: My First Experience Shocked Me! 

BY  Abdul Aziz May 1, 2024

Many of the countries in South America are popular for their exquisite and varied cuisine. However, the practices of Paraguay food are not known to many. The Paraguayan Cuisine has been influenced by the local indigenous tribe’s culinary traditions and practices brought by immigrants from Spain, Italy, and Portugal. Being a foodie myself, I love traveling around the world to have a taste of every new variety of food that the world has to offer. Visiting remote areas, meeting with new people, and trying out their traditional dishes is what I have always loved! I was also in your shoes when I first landed in Paraguay, a bit startled and confused. Although, as I began to explore, my first meal at a fancy restaurant in Asuncion changed my entire perception of the state.  Tid-Bits About Paraguay Food Classic Paraguay food includes some of the most exclusive dishes that are bound to beat any of the Peruvian or Argentine preparations. Traditional culinary elements in Paraguay food recipes consist of meat, maize, vegetables, manioc, cheese, fish, milk, and even fruits.  ‘Asado’ is a local term used for barbecue, which is referred to as both a cooking practice and a social event. In Paraguay, barbecuing is the most important mode of cooking their traditional Paraguayan food dishes.  Here in this article, I will elucidate the best dishes and popular foods in Paraguay that you must try in Paraguay this year. The Paraguay famous foods excite your taste buds and have an experience like never before.  1. Kivevé You will be stuck in a dilemma whether to count this as a main course or a dessert. Kieve is the most popular and loved Paraguay food. It is a vegetarian dish that is cooked out of andai (a type of juicy pumpkin), cornmeal, Paraguayan cheese, milk, and sugar. Kieve is a typical food in Paraguay. It has a very creamy and light texture and is orangish in color. This rich-flavored delicacy is served lukewarm and is often consumed as a side dish or even main meal, at breakfasts, and as an evening snack. 2. Chipa Considered a staple Paraguay food, Chipa is a simple bread roll that was invented by the local indigenous people in the 18th century. It is a bun that is made out of manioc or cassava flour, lard, and anise, and beaten eggs and cheese. There are different versions of Chipa available, varying over the regional influences. The bread has a very crunchy crust due to the addition of lard. The crumb is soft and has a unique flavor. It is prepared and consumed by every household in the state.  3. Bori Bori Bori-Bori (Vori-Vori) is a nutritious and flavorful thick soup that is prepared out of vegetables such as carrots, celery, onions. It is filled with meat (chicken or beef) and dumplings of cornmeal plus cheese. The prime flavoring ingredients in this soup are bay leaves, cloves, and parsley. The addition of saffron to this hearty broth makes it even more flavorful and rich golden in color. It must be served piping hot, garnished with some parsley and Paraguayan cheese on the side. It is especially popular during the winters.  4. Sopa Paraguaya This specialty is not what it sounds like. Even though SOPA translates to soup in the local language, it is not at all in the vicinity of any soupy preparations. It is the national dish of Paraguay, which resembles a cakey thick bread.  It is crafted out of cornflour, cheese, milk, and eggs. The flavor is inculcated through the use of onions and pork fat. It is usually baked and is often termed solid soup. It has a soft and crumbly texture and is served on special occasions as a side dish.  5. Mbeju Mbeju, when translated to the local Guarani language, means cake. It is a very simple and staple Paraguay food. It is a kind of starchy pancake that is prepared with cassava flour, salt, oil, milk, eggs, crumbled cheese, and even pork fat. The dough is kneaded well and rolled out thickly like a pancake. It is then fried in hot oil. It is usually consumed during breakfast, sometimes dinner, alongside a bitter herbal tea or coffee.  6. Soyo This is another popular Paraguay food, which is a thick unpassed soup. It is made with beef grounded in a mortar, rice, and vegetables, including green peppers, onions, and tomatoes. Soyo is another good example of Paraguay’s famous food.  The dish is flavored with garlic, parsley, oregano, salt, and pepper. The name is derived from the native Guarani phrase so’o josopy, meaning crushed meat. A whole bowl of soyo can be considered as a complete meal and has a high calorific value. 7. Tereré Since the climate in Paraguay tends to grow hotter every summer, Terere acts as a relief to many. It is a cold-brewed herbal tea that is bitter in taste and is commonly known as yerba mate.  Terere is one of the essential elements of export, and the natives can be seen carrying around a thermos flask, guampa (a spherical mug), and bombilla (a silver straw) everywhere they go. It is a very healthy and refreshing drink and has high caffeine content. 8. Dulce de Mamon Here comes our most awaited syrupy sweet dessert in the list of top Paraguay food you must try! Dulce de Mamon is one of the oldest and most traditional preparations of Paraguay, which has only two major ingredients. It is cooked by boiling small cut wedges of papaya in sugar syrup. The mixture is simmered for almost 2 hours in order for the papaya to achieve a soft texture. You can even add some cloves, lemon zest, and a little orange juice to enhance the flavors.  9. Pira Caldo Another most favored Paraguay food includes Pira Caldo. It is basically a light fish stew made with freshwater catches such as surubi, mandi’y, and tare’y. I have never in my life tasted such meaty textured fishes with a tinge of saltiness in them. Initially, vegetables such as onions, tomatoes, leeks, celery, bell peppers, and carrots are fried in pork or beef fat and are cooked with other spices. It is then combined with milk and soft white cheese to improve the thickness and flavor. 10. Bife Koygua Bife Koygua, or hidden steak as it is known, is another popular Paraguay food that is a must-try.  It is a heavy preparation in which the beef steaks are covered with onions and tomatoes. Hence the name. According to the local language, bife means beef, and koygua means shy or hidden. The recipe calls for the steak to be pounded first with spices, then fried with onions and topped with tomatoes. Towards the end, an egg or two is added at the top, and the dish is garnished with parsley. Puchero Paraguayo Recipe The Paraguayan version of a traditional meat stew is called Puchero paraguayo. This stew has its origins in Spain and is now prepared in several countries throughout South America and the Philippines. The name of the stew, Puchero, comes from the Spanish word meaning "stewpot". Course: Main Course Cuisine: Latin American, Paraguayan Servings: 4 people Author: Nita Ragoonanan Ingredients 1½ lb beef (skirt or flank steak, cut into pieces) 3 cloves garlic, cut in half 1 onion, chopped 1 green bell pepper, diced 2 carrots 10 oz. pumpkin, cubed 2 potatoes, cubed ½ cup rice 6 tablespoons olive oil Salt Pepper Equipment Pressure cooker Instructions To start, get a large pot and fill it with 10 cups (2.5L) of water. Add in some onions, carrots, and bell peppers, and bring it to a boil. Let it simmer for 15 minutes and season it with salt and pepper to your liking. Set it aside. Next, heat some olive oil in a pressure cooker and add in some garlic and meat. Saute over high heat while stirring constantly until the meat is browned. Pour in the reserved broth and vegetables and close the pressure cooker. Cook for 45 minutes on medium-low heat. While waiting, rinse the rice. After 45 minutes, open the pressure cooker and add in the rice, potatoes, and pumpkin. Close the pressure cooker again and continue cooking for 15 minutes. Frequently Asked Questions!!! (FAQs): Q1. What Is The Traditional Dessert In Paraguay? Ans: Mazamorra also known as Kaguyjy is one of the most popular traditional deserts in Paraguay. it is made of corn and sugar, mixed with honey or milk. Ka'i Ladrillo is a candy made of peanuts and molasses. Q2. What Is Paraguay's National Dish? Ans: Sopa Paraguaya is the national dish of Paraguay. it is similar to cornbread and made up of corn flour, pig fat, or butter, with cheese and milk. it is very spongy and is rich in calories and protein. Q3. What Is The National Drink Of Paraguay? Ans: Yerba mate tea is prepared with cold water. different variations of terre can be found in Brazil and Argentina. Its birthplace is Paraguay. Final Thoughts These are some of the most exotic preparations from Paraguay that made their way into my Top 10 list. Thanks to those Guarani friends that I had over there who guided me through to the best of their culinary traditions. And if you are hesitating about visiting this place, trust me, the experience is worthwhile. It is not only about their food but also their culture, traditions, and heritage. This beautiful country deserves all the appreciation in the world.

BY  Sibashree May 16, 2025

Have you watched the documentary “Il Bianco nel Blu?”  This documentary ( titled Deep White Forests in English) highlights how Giovanni Chimienti, a National Geographic Explorer and marine explorer, has been conducting a scientific research project on the black corals in the waters of the Egadi Islands.  It is also astonishing to see how the Egadi Islands harbor so many mysteries. I mean, they have the potential to be the site of groundbreaking scientific research and a goldmine of archaeological treasures.  The latest archaeological discovery from the Egadi Islands has been a bronze rostrum. It was found at 80 meters under the water.  All these archaeological discoveries further establish the connection between the Egadi Islands and the Battle of the Egadi Islands in 241 BC. “The Egadi seabed is always a valuable source of information to add further knowledge about the naval battle between the Roman and Carthaginian fleets. Sebastiano Tusa’s intuition continues to this day to receive more and more timely confirmation, corroborating the archaeologist’s studies that had allowed the identification of the theater of the battle that sanctioned the dominance of the Romans over the Mediterranean.”Francesco Paolo Scarpinato, Regional Councillor for Cultural Heritage, Also, this archipelago, consisting of the three main islands of Favignana, Marettimo, and Levanzo, is just a boat ride away from Trapani. The crystal clear water of the Mediterranean Sea is also a huge attraction for tourists.  In addition, it is home to an extraordinary ecosystem and marine life. So, the Egadi Islands have been a part of the Egadi Islands Marine Protected Area since 1991.  And the list of attractions continues for the Egadi Islands! In this Tour and Travel Guide, we will explore the Egadi Islands and discuss why it is the ultimate location for a tropical vacation.  Egadi Islands: Understanding The Geography And Vividness The Egadi Islands are located off the western coast of Sicily. Further, these islands, nestled in the Mediterranean Sea, are often dubbed the “Best Well-Kept Secret” in Italy.  Along with its three major islands, it also has smaller islets such as Maraone and Formica. However, these islands display vividness in their natural features and characters.  For example, the largest island, Favignana, has rugged coastlines and almost flat terrain.  On the other hand, Marettimo is mountainous in nature, and the dramatic trails and scenic views here are a favorite of hikers.  Again, you will not find the quietness of Levanzo, the smallest among the Egadi Islands, anywhere else. It is also rich in Mediterranean vegetation.  Moreover, the dramatic cliffs, hidden coves, and sea caves add to the scenic beauty of the island.  Further, the beauty and vividness of the islands are also visible in the waters of the Egadi Islands.  You will find lush seagrass meadows of Posidonia oceanica in the waters. Also, you will see loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). So, it is a paradise for divers and snorkelers.  Egadi Islands: A Telltale Of Italian History And Culture The Egadi Islands have played a pivotal role in Mediterranean history for millennia.  One of the most significant events occurred just off these shores in 241 BCE. It was the final battle of the First Punic War between Rome and Carthage.  This decisive clash marked the beginning of Roman dominance in the western Mediterranean. Over the centuries, the islands fell under the control of various powers, including the Goths, Vandals, Arabs, and Normans, each leaving traces in the local culture and architecture.  Their strategic location made them a constant point of interest throughout ancient and medieval times. In the 19th century, the islands experienced a cultural and economic renaissance thanks to the Florio family, who modernized the traditional tuna fishery in Favignana.  Their innovations turned it into one of the most efficient operations in the Mediterranean and laid the foundation for the islands’ economic development. Today, the Egadi Islands are a living museum of their rich past.  On Levanzo, the Grotta del Genovese showcases prehistoric cave paintings estimated to be over 12,000 years old, including images of animals and human figures, making it one of the most important archaeological sites in the Mediterranean. Marettimo is home to Roman ruins known as the "Case Romane" and the Norman-built Castle of Punta Troia, which later served as a Bourbon prison.  In Favignana, the former Florio Tuna Factory has been transformed into a museum where visitors can explore the history and culture of tuna fishing in the region. Want Some Adventure? Try These Outdoor Activities In The Egadi Islands Whether you're an adventure seeker or a laid-back explorer, the Egadi Islands offer a wealth of outdoor activities set against breathtaking natural backdrops. Snorkeling And Scuba Diving Snorkeling and scuba diving are among the top attractions, thanks to the pristine underwater landscapes and thriving marine life.  Hiking For hiking enthusiasts, Marettimo is a dream come true, with scenic trails winding through rugged mountains and offering sweeping views of the open sea. Boat Tours  One of the best ways to experience the islands is by boat. Guided boat tours allow you to discover hidden coves, dramatic cliffs, and sea caves only accessible from the water.  Companies like Mare e Vento di Favignana offer daily and private boat tours around the Egadi Islands, with stops for swimming, snorkeling, and even onboard aperitifs.  Favorite destinations include: Cala Rossa Cala Azzurra Bue Marino on Favignana Cala Fredda and Cala Minnola on Levanzo Sea caves of Marettimo. Kayaking And Paddleboat Rentals  For those who prefer a more independent adventure, kayak and stand-up paddleboard rentals are a fantastic way to explore the coastline at your own pace and with minimal environmental impact.  Some boat excursions even include food tastings or traditional dinners on board. It is an unforgettable way to enjoy the fresh, local seafood while surrounded by nature. Exploring The Fishing Villages  Beyond the water, don’t miss a stroll through the charming fishing villages, where you can soak in the relaxed island vibe and get a feel for local life.  The Tuna Fishery Museum in Favignana offers a deep dive (pun intended!) into the cultural roots of the islands. Summer brings the islands to life with festivals and cultural events.  Highlights include the Feast of Saint Joseph in Marettimo and the Egadi Summer Festival, featuring live music, performances, and art across all three islands. What To Eat In The Egadi Islands And Indulge In Local Flavors? Food lovers, take note—the Egadi Islands are a culinary paradise where Sicilian tradition meets the bounty of the sea.  Here, the cuisine is deeply rooted in local fishing culture, and tuna takes center stage in many unforgettable dishes. Tuna is served in a variety of forms, both fresh and preserved. You’ll find it as bottarga (cured roe), lattume (tuna milt), mosciame (air-dried fillet), and in pasta dishes made with tender chunks of fresh tuna.  One local specialty not to miss is Ficazza, a type of cured tuna sausage that’s unique to the islands. Another must-try is the seafood couscous, a dish with North African roots that’s become a staple in Sicilian coastal kitchens. It's rich, aromatic, and often prepared with the catch of the day. The islands also offer a variety of local vegetables, sun-dried tomatoes, and fragrant capers from nearby Pantelleria.  And of course, no meal is complete without dessert. Look for classic Sicilian treats like cannoli filled with sweet ricotta, or cassatelle, deep-fried pastries filled with ricotta and chocolate, or chickpeas and cinnamon. For an unforgettable dining experience, head to some of the most beloved local restaurants.  In Favignana, top picks include SottoSale, A' Cialoma, and the charmingly named Quello Che C'è... C'è!. On Marettimo, Hiera, and Il Veliero serve up ultra-fresh seafood in scenic settings.  And in Levanzo, Ristorante Bar Romano is a local favorite for a relaxed meal with a view. Where To Stay In the Egadi Islands? Whether you're looking for seaside luxury or a cozy retreat immersed in nature, the Egadi Islands offer a wide range of accommodations to suit every travel style. Favignana, the largest and most developed of the three islands, features everything from boutique hotels and charming B&Bs to vacation rentals and resorts with sea views.  You'll find options that range from simple, budget-friendly stays to elegant, eco-conscious lodgings nestled among Mediterranean gardens. Marettimo, by contrast, is a peaceful haven for nature lovers.  Here, most accommodations are small-scale and family-run. Think of apartments and B&Bs either facing the picturesque harbor or tucked into the hills, surrounded by untouched landscapes. Levanzo is the quietest and most remote of the islands, ideal for those who want to truly disconnect.  The lodging options are more limited but full of charm: small vacation homes and guesthouses that offer a serene escape, often with stunning views and warm, local hospitality. Wherever you choose to stay, you'll find that the pace of life on the Egadi Islands is refreshingly slow, the service is personal, and the settings are unforgettable. Sustainable Travel: Protecting The Egadi Islands Paradise The Egadi Islands are more than just a scenic getaway—they're a model of environmental stewardship.  So, we must protect it from becoming another Italian destination fighting with overtourism. We already know what the Amalfi Coast, Rome, Venice, and Florence are facing.  As part of Europe’s largest marine protected area, the archipelago preserves its delicate ecosystem while welcoming travelers from around the world. Tourist activities here are carefully regulated to minimize impact on the natural environment.  Eco-friendly practices are common here, including using low-emission boats, recycling programs, and environmental education initiatives.  You'll even see signs throughout the islands reminding visitors to "leave no trace" and respect the fragile balance of land and sea. Ongoing conservation efforts include protecting the underwater meadows of Posidonia oceanica, which are vital for marine biodiversity, and monitoring populations of endangered species like sea turtles and groupers.  Anchoring in certain zones is restricted, and visitors are asked not to touch or collect protected flora and fauna. By choosing to travel responsibly—whether by kayaking instead of motoring, supporting local businesses, or respecting wildlife—you’ll help preserve the beauty and authenticity of the Egadi Islands for future generations. Make Your Trip To The Egadi Islands Memorable A trip to the Egadi Islands is not just about a tropical vacation. It is a destination that allows you to indulge in the slow rhythm of life.  Further, rich history, warm hospitality and the pristine beauty of nature make the Egadi Islands the ultimate Italian gem.  Also, the Egadi Islands are the land of Bella Vita, with you lounging by the sea and soaking in the Mediterranean Sun, enjoying a long lunch, and then watching the most dramatic sunset.  You can even nurture your adventurous side here by taking part in activities such as snorkeling, hiking, and boating tours around hidden coves.  Irrespective of the activity or experience you choose for yourself, you must be respectful of the local environment and culture.  Be careful about intruding on the protected areas, and connect with the community by supporting local artisans and family-run businesses.  Also, summer is the best time to visit the Egadi Islands. However, the beauty, authenticity, and natural abundance make the Egadi Islands a true Mediterranean gem to explore in any season.  READ MORE: Exploring the Virgin Islands: Must-See Spots You Can Visit by Boat and St John Rentals Bali Beyond The Beaches: Exploring The Hidden Gems Of The Island Seven Reasons To Visit The Stunning Greek Ionian Islands

BY  Sibashree Nov 13, 2025

When you are ready to book a trip to Costa Rica, you should travel at your own pace.  Thus, the travellers hope for genuine independence. Moreover, people want bang for their buck and peace on the road. Renting a car gives people the liberty to travel at their own pace. People can halt or start whenever they want to while renting a car. People get to explore whatever they want at their own pace. The public transport system in Costa Rica remains comparatively cheaper than those in other countries. Thus, the transportation systems remain highly crowded. People generally get stuck in other people’s schedules. Thus, car rental services in Costa Rica ensure people's freedom.  You'll find that renting a car is smarter than anything else. In the sections below, we will share why rent a car costa rica is so appealing and full of practical advice, and also help make sure you have the best trip possible. Why Should People Try Car Rental In Costa Rica? There are multiple reasons for people to try Car Rental Costa Rica. Some of the reasons are as follows. 1. Freedom & Flexibility: Travel on Your Terms The biggest advantage of renting a car is the ability to explore at your own pace. As noted by one travel blog: “by renting a car. You won’t be restricted to anyone’s schedule but your own.” The public transport options in Costa Rica remain limited. Thus, travellers find it difficult to travel in the offbeat areas. However, the car rental in Costa Rica allows people to enjoy flexibility. Travelers can linger a little longer in certain spots. They can stand and fly their drones and shoot photos. Furthermore, the travellers can take as many loo breaks as they want. No one should forget about the joy of driving on the wonderful roads of Costa Rica. 2. Better Value Vs. Taxis, Shuttles & Domestic Flights Although it is true that renting a car brings costs (vehicle rental, fuel, insurance, etc.), many travellers find that if they compare these with the expense of private shuttles or inner‑country flights, the car actually comes out ahead in value. One source has it that: "Car rental prices are comparable to private shuttles and domestic flights." Zoom in on stocks and securities, for they are the financial arm of the economy. There are many things to consider: finances, planning, and timing. Nevertheless, if you are willing and able to take these factors into account and take the plunge when a good investment chance arises in the rising market cycle. However, this does have one rather expensive potential drawback. When modernization comes to any area, what falls in price first? Land. In fact, if both of them are the same price today, the contractor is trying to raise the land value in your eyes in order to make his request more acceptable by comparison. Just say no. To sum up, there are moments when experts are quite explicit about the precise things to look out for in stock picking. Yet sometimes it can make an enormous difference, as it scored 11% higher than over-hyped Afterpay per share at home or on share price gains made over a few months abroad. When you rent a map for Wi-Fi, vehicle service assistance will be provided. Get yourself maps and information from the office where you pick up the car. 3. Comfort, Safety & Peace Of Mind When you pick a reputable rental company and a well‑maintained vehicle, you’re gaining comfort and safety advantages that public transport can’t always match. As one rental‑car blog put it: “Renting a car gives you the flexibility to go wherever you want, whenever you want… You are not tied to shuttle times or bus schedules!” Some specific benefits: You choose the class of car that suits you: compact for city + light terrain, SUV for rougher roads or more luggage. You avoid the crowding or schedule limitations of shuttles and buses. In the current travel climate, you reduce exposure to other travellers (important for health considerations). Many rental companies provide GPS, assistance, and well‑serviced vehicles - making driving smoother. 4. Access To The Off-Beaten Path & Hidden Gems One of Costa Rica’s greatest appeals is its diverse landscapes, from volcanoes and rainforests to remote beaches and hidden waterfalls. Being able to drive yourself lets you tap into that in a deeper way. You can take alternative routes that buses don’t service. Travellers can stay at a unique lodging far from the main hubs. You can stop for detours, local eateries, or viewpoints not on the main tourist map. Thus, renting a car provides the travellers with an immersive experience to explore places that are not really cliché. 5. Practical Tips To Make It Smooth (& Avoid Surprises) Because roads, insurance laws, and rental practices in Costa Rica can differ from home, here are important tips to ensure your car‑rental experience is smart and stress‑free: A) Choose The Right Vehicle Depending on your itinerary, you may or may not need a 4×4/SUV. If you’re sticking to main paved routes, a compact may suffice; if you plan remote or mountain routes, consider something more robust. Also, check luggage space, passenger count, road conditions, and whether an automatic vs manual transmission is suitable for you. B) Understand Insurance & Additional Fees Car rental in Costa Rica often includes mandatory liability insurance (third‑party). Many travelers have found that what looks like a cheap quote at first hides required fees. For example: “Liability coverage of remains mandatory in Costa Rica. Travellers should expect to pay atleast $20‑30 a day for it. It’s the law.” Make sure you ask about: Basic liability insurance (mandatory) Collision/damage waiver for the rental vehicle Any hidden fees: deposit, drop‑off at a different location, cleaning fees, fuel policy Your credit card coverage: Some major cards cover rental insurance. But not always in Costa Rica. C) Book Early & Check Seasonality Because Costa Rica is a popular destination and the supply of rental vehicles in remote areas can be limited, booking early gives you choice and often better rates. Also, during peak season (December–April) rates can be higher, so plan accordingly. D) Fuel, Mileage, And Hidden Costs Fuel prices vary, and some remote gas stations may be sparse. Also, check if your rental has unlimited mileage, extra cost for crossing provincial boundaries, drop‑off fees for different locations, etc. Always clarify fuel policy: is full‑to‑full or pre‑pay? 6. Why The Smart Choice Is To Rent A Car Putting it all together, here’s why renting a car in Costa Rica tends to be the smartest travel choice for many: Control & Customisation: You shape your trip rather than fitting into fixed transport schedules. Value for Money: Especially for groups, the cost can be comparable to or better than alternative transport when you factor in freedom and access. Richer Experience: You can access hidden locations, scenic detours, and tailor your pace to your style. Comfort & Safety: With your own vehicle, you manage your comfort, depart when you want, and enjoy greater autonomy. Fewer Surprises: Provided you plan ahead, you’re in the driver’s seat—both literally and figuratively—reducing last‑minute scramble or dependency on external shuttles. If you’re going to explore Costa Rica beyond the main airport–hotel–beach triangle, having a rental car may be the difference between a good trip and a truly memorable one. Things To Remember Before Opting For A Car Rental Costa Rica Travelling by car provides the travellers with a much immersive experience. Moreover, this allows people to enjoy every moment and allows them to move at their own pace. However, people should remember these things before going for a car rental Costa Rica. The person should have a valid original driver’s license, an original passport, and a credit card. Moreover, the credit card should have a minimum amount of money to pay the security deposits and the rental costs. Read Also: Best Beaches In Costa Rica For Family Vacation Paradise Found: Exploring Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica’s Tropical Gem! Cheapest Places To Travel Around The World In 2025: Traveling On A Shoestring