Kandy Is So Underrated!! What Are The Unique Things To Do In Kandy? 

BY  Sibashree Aug 9, 2024

Wrangell-St. Elias, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an icy wonderland. It is a place where active volcanoes and the largest glaciers, like Malaspina, coexist, making it “A Song of Ice and Fire.”  It also has some of the greatest mountain ranges in the world and mighty rivers. Further, unique geological features and weather conditions have made the national park a land of biodiversity and wilderness with a lot of mammals, birds, fish, and plants.  Let me take you on a tour of the Wrangell-St. Elias glaciers and everything the national park has to offer.   What Are The Notable Glaciers In Wrangell-St. Elias?  Nabesna Glacier, Malaspina Glacier, and Hubbard Glacier are the most notable ones in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park.   Along with these glaciers, you can also see glacier features like glacier caves, Jökulhlaups, and ice falls. Let’s briefly discuss the major glaciers and glacier features.   Malaspina Glacier Did you know that Malaspina Glacier is the “largest Piedmont glacier in the world?” Designated as a National Natural Landscape in 1968, it spans across 1,075,409 acres.   Further, its glacial mechanisms and fluctuations have made it a favorite of explorers. The glacier is also a favorite of space travelers as it looks vibrant from space.   In an article published by NASA Earth Observatory on 27th October 2023, we can find,  “The dark blueish-purple lines on the ice are moraines—areas where soil, rock, and other debris have been scraped up by the glacier and deposited along its edges. The zigzag pattern of the debris is caused by changes in the ice’s velocity. Glaciers in this area of Alaska periodically “surge” or lurch forward for one to several years. As a result of this irregular flow, the moraines can fold, compress, and shear to form the characteristic textures seen on Malaspina.”  Hubbard Glacier  Hubbard, “the sleeping giant,” is the largest when it comes to the tidewater glaciers in North America (75 miles long). The glacier gets its name from Gardiner Hubbard, National Geographic Society’s first president.   Also called the “Galloping Glacier,” it comes with tranquil blue ice. You can explore Hubbard Glacier through a cruise trip.   Visiting the Hubbard Glacier becomes more exciting as you meet the sea otters, whales, sea lions, and bears along the route.   Nabesna Glacier  With a length of 53 miles, Nabesna Glacier is the “longest interior valley glacier” in the world. However, there are concerns regarding the loss of ice mass in the glacier. A 2007 report says,  “Nabesna, the largest glacier in this region (˜1056 km2), lost mass four times faster during 2000–07 than during 1957–2000. Although accelerated, the mass change over this region is slower than in other glacierized regions of Alaska, particularly those with tidewater glaciers.”  Glacier Features In Wrangell-St. Elias  You will come across many fascinating glacier caves in Wrangell-St. Elias, especially near the Kennecott Mines National Historic Landmark.   Further, ice falls, or the fountains of the glacier, move very fast, and it’s fascinating to see how they form seracs or blocks.   Also, there are Jökulhlaups, or flooded glacier outbursts, adding to the various glacier features of the national park.    Amazing Glaciers of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park Facts  Mount  St. Elias, the largest peak of the national park, is the second-highest in the world.  Mount Wrangell, the only active volcano here, is one of the largest active volcanoes in North America.  It has Nabesna Glacier, Malaspina Glacier, and Hubbard Glacier, three of the largest in the world.   It is a part of the “world's largest international protected wilderness.”  Mid-May to mid-September is the best time to visit this park.   Wrangell-St. Elias: A UNESCO World Heritage Site  Home to countless glaciers and many high mountains, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park enjoys the status of a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with Kluane, Glacier Bay, and Tatshenshini-Alsek.   Also, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park is a part of the “largest non-polar icefield in the world.” You will find Dall's sheep, grizzly bears, caribou, and many other animals roaming in this part of the world.   Further, certain geographical and biological factors and “protection and management requirements” make this national park a place of outstanding universal value. Let’s discuss them in detail.   Rich In Biodiversity  The scenic beauty and geological diversity in the park are outstanding. It has sea mammals and other aquatic animals. Further, you can see many land mammals, birds, and different types of trees in this park.   The table below mentions some of the most popular birds, trees, and animals you can see here.   Land Mammals Brown Bears Polar Bears Black Bears Mountain Goats Dall Sheep Bison Coyotes Wolverine Porcupine Sea Mammals and Other Marine Creatures Whales Sea Lions Porpoises Harbor Seals Sea Otters Plants (936 Vascular Plant Species) Sedge Family Grass Family Sunflower Family Trees Willows Various Introduced Species Birds Bald Eagles Canada Geese Trumpeter Swans Wilson's Warblers American Robins  Home to boreal forest, Wrangell-St. Elias has one of the largest ecosystems in the world. Diverse geological features and unique weather conditions support this sprawling ecosystem or biodiversity.   Comes With Topographical Diversity   This national park is one of the most diverse in its topographical features. It has glaciers, rivers, river canyons, volcanoes, snow-capped mountains and whatnot!   Geomorphological features like hanging valleys, moraines, craters, and calderas also make this national park unique.   A Hub Of Active Tectonic, Volcanic, Glacial, And Fluvial Natural Processes   Like the entire Alaska, Wrangell-St. Elias is also in an area where tectonic, volcanic, glacial, and fluvial natural processes are common.   So, it has active and inactive volcanoes, the largest glaciers, and some prominent fluvial landforms. It has the mighty Copper River, Rivers of Life, and braided rivers formed of glacier water.   Final Words   Wrangell-St. Elias National Park has the highest glacier coverage among all national parks in America. It also has the active Mount Wrangell volcano, rivers, and wetlands, making it a place of geological interest.   Exploring the glacier caves and the ice falls here is a one-of-a-kind experience, and it’s wonderful to see how the richest biodiversity with mammals, birds, aquatic animals, and trees thrives here.   So, come and experience the brilliance of nature as you explore the largest glaciers of the world’s largest glaciers, such as Malaspina and Hubbard.   Or have you already been to this land of volcanoes and glaciers? Don’t forget to share your experience of the glaciers of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park tours.    Wrangell-St. Elias National Park FAQs   How Many Glaciers Are In Wrangell-St. Elias National Park?  Like the entire Alaska, Wrangell-St. Elias is filled with glaciers. According to the latest count of the National Park Service (NPS), the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park has 3,121 glaciers. Further, these glaciers cover a whopping “6,757 square miles of land.”  So, Wrangell-St. Elias has glaciers that cover 60% of all the glacier coverage in American National Parks. Glacier Bay in Alaska is the distant second to Wrangell-St. Elias. The glacier coverage at Glacier Bay is just 1/5th of Wrangell-St. Elias.  In addition, Malaspina, Hubbard, and the Bering glaciers, located along the park’s southern margin, are three of the largest glaciers in the world.   Having said that, glacier coverage in Alaska is shrinking, and  Wrangell-St. Elias is not an exception. From 1985 to 2020, it has already experienced a 5% reduction in its glacier coverage.   How many People Visit Wrangell-St. Elias National Park Each Year?  The National Park Service has a record of visitors to Wrangell-St. Elias National Park since 1982. Since then, this park has been enjoying thousands of footfalls every year.  2023 was one of the topmost years in terms of number of people visiting  Wrangell-St. Elias. It had 78,305 visitors in 2023.  In 2020 (the Covid-19 era), the park had 16,655 visitors. From 2021, the number of visitors has increased consistently. (Source)  What Is Unique About Wrangell-St. Elias National Park?  With the largest glaciers and volcanoes in the world, Wrangell-St. Elias is unique because of its geographical features. It is also one of the most prominent hubs of biodiversity. Thanks to its extensive glacier and volcanic coverage and rich wildlife, it has earned the status of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.  Among glaciers, Hubbard (one of the largest in the world and the largest tidewater glacier in North America) and Malaspina Glacier demand a special mention.   The Mount Wrangell volcano in this park is still active, and some other volcanoes here are Mount Drum, Capital Mountain, Skookum Creek Volcano, etc.  Further, it has an endangered sea mammal, Steller Sea Lion, and other marine animals. Bears, mountain goats, and sheep are common land mammals roaming here.   Also, you will find birds like the American robins, Wilson's warblers, and dark-eyed junco in this national park.   What Is The Highest Peak In Wrangell-St. Elias?  Mount St. Elias is the highest peak in Wrangell-St. Elias. With a height of 18,008 feet, it is also the second-highest peak in North America.   Having said that, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park celebrates the presence of four major mountain ranges in the world. It has the eastern part of the Alaskan Range, St. Elias, Chugach, and Wrangell.   Why Is Wrangell-St. Elias Protected?  Wrangell-St. Elias is protected to “preserve and protect ecological integrity and heritage resources of a vast ecosystem in south-central Alaska, while providing for public use in a wilderness setting.”  So, it is protected to preserve the local geology and diversity of the landscape with glaciers, volcanoes, and wetlands. It is also a measure to preserve wildlife and its inhabitants. Also read Ultimate Guide to Your Next Family Vacation in Israel. Paris Transforming Historical Sites Into Olympic Venues. Whales And Sea Lions! Exploring Wildlife At Kenai Fjords National Park.

BY  Sibashree Oct 29, 2025

Afternoon siesta is a cherished luxury where I come from. Thousand miles away, I did not expect to experience something similar in Chios, Greece. I was driving through Mesta, and the faint, sweet-spicy scent of mastic trees overtook me.  I noticed one strange thing! Not a single shop was open, and even the ATMs were closed, despite it being a weekday. Curious, I asked my guide, and he said,  “We loved our naptime in the afternoon. The shops are closed from 2 to 5 PM. We value our food and rest! There is nothing to rush!” This is the moment I felt at home in Chios.  Chios in the eastern Aegean was hit by one of the largest wildfires of recent times in June and August 2025. These incidents were a major blow to the mastic trees and the entire region, with many trees destroyed by the wildfire.  However, a few months down the line, Chios, Greece, is experiencing a positive rebound in its tourism landscape. Despite being a relatively new name compared to Santorini or the Amalfi Coast, it is gaining attention for its genuine charm.  Despite an increase in interest, the tourism model here is focusing more on sustainability. Also, it is avoiding mass tourism to preserve its cultural heritage.  In terms of accessibility, Chios is going to get a new airport very soon. Also, for hospitality, this eastern Aegean island depends heavily on family-run lodges. Moreover, the island is capitalizing on its natural beauty and medieval villages to stay true to the official theme of “Experience Chios.”  Hi, in today’s blog, I will talk about the Chios, Greece travel guide that takes you to local artisan workshops, cooking classes, adventurous places, and more. Exploring The Local Artisan Workshops And Experiences  The mastic resin is the signature product of the region. The Pistacia lentiscus var. chia trees produce this resin. These are called the “tears” of Chios. The aroma is faint, but it lingers just like the most beautiful melody of a flute. My mastic harvesting tour was already set, and the experience I had will stay with me forever. We talk about environmental protection and sustainability. The people of Chios practice it in their lives.  Nevertheless, along with the mastic harvesting tours, attending the weaving workshops, pottery classes, and distillation plants were the best local experiences in Chios. I also enjoyed my time at the local tavernas.  1. Mastic Harvesting Tours In Mastichochoria Pyrgi, Mesta, or other villages in the south are ideal for farm tours. These have cooperatives and farms, where harvesting takes place during August and September. I was lucky to be in Chios in August.  The farmers here “wound” the trees so that they weep, and the tears are collected. Then, the tears are cleaned using a process called “Kefalari,” and watching the entire process is an immersive slow travel experience.  I talked to an old man in Mesta who was collecting the resin by hand. As I approached him, he said, “We treat the trees like family. If one dies, we plant another. We also pass on these trees to our future generations.”  Standing there, I could almost hear my grandfather, who used to say the same things about the trees he planted.  In Mesta and Pyrgi, I saw the soil getting hardened wherever the resin had fallen. Children love collecting those.  If you want to learn more about mastic harvesting in Chios, you can visit the Chios Mastiha Growers Association (CMGA). It now has around 4500 members from the 20 primary cooperatives spread across 24 villages.  2. Weaving Workshops In Pyrgi The houses in Pyrgi look wonderful, with distinct black geometric decorations. On some walls, I saw diamond shapes; others had stripes, and some even featured crisscross patterns. There is also a personalized touch in these geometrical shapes. I was standing near a house appreciating the diamond-shaped designs on the walls. An old lady peeped, and I asked her whether she had done the design or not! She started giggling like a little girl and said, “I have hidden the name of my husband in these diamond designs. It was a lot of fun when I asked him to spot his name for the first time.”  Once again, I felt that emotions are universal and the art of finding joy in little things.  The village also has a tradition of weaving. Explore the traditional looms and try your hand at the craft.  3. Pottery Classes In Armolia Armolia is the epicenter of pottery traditions in Chios, Greece. It is like a kingdom of brightly colored ceramics. Kefalakia, a one-necked Chian ceramic jug, is a must-buy.  I tried my skills at a hands-on pottery class, and I must say that I was not so proud of what I made!  4. Soap-Making And Herbal Distillation Chios has the best flowers and herbs. So, you will find many small family-run businesses here, including soap-making and herbal distillation. They also make local olive oil, mastic oil, and distilled water.  These small businesses have kept alive the heritage of natural wellness in Chios.  5. Getting Lost In The Alleys Of Mesta At Night View this post on Instagram A post shared by ᴍᴇꜱᴛᴀ ᴄʜɪᴏꜱ (@mesta.chios) It may sound a little scary, but it was fun for me. Mesta is like a labyrinth, and exploring this fortified village was like a treasure hunt. Indeed, it was planned this way to confuse the pirates who wanted to rob the town.  After my dinner at the guesthouse, I wanted to take a quick stroll around, and after half an hour, I was clueless about the road to take.  The alleys twisted and turned until I stood before a stone archway and a dead-end courtyard filled with vines. I could listen to my footsteps on the cobblestone road, and after a few minutes, I sat on a rock.  Suddenly, something magical appeared before the eyes. The stars over the Aegean were unreal, and the absence of light pollution made it look like I could reach them by stretching my arm.  I cannot tell you how long I waited there, and suddenly a call from my guesthouse broke my trance. The receptionist asked me to wait for a while and sent a guide from the guesthouse to guide me back.  6. Eating And Drinking At A Local Taverna Most tavernas I visited during my stay on Chios did not have a printed menu. That’s actually good, considering the menu is decided based on the fresh produce available on that day.  My guide used to ask “Ti echete simera?” or “What do you have today?” The waiter used to read from the list of items that were offered for the day.  Wellness And Retreat Travel In Chios, Greece  View this post on Instagram A post shared by Royal Pearl Island Chios Hotel & Spa (@royalpearlisland) Chios opened its first luxury wellness retreat, Pearl Island Chios Hotel & Spa, last year. Nevertheless, Chios has been celebrating its unique wellness tradition for years now.  1. Mastiha And The Herbs Of Chios Furthermore, Chios has been harvesting mastiha for more than 2500 years, and this natural product has medicinal properties. In fact, this knowledge of cultivating mastiha has been identified as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.  Mastiha gum has anti-inflammatory properties, it helps heal wounds, and it improves oral health and the digestive system.  However, mastiha is not the only herbal ingredient grown here. The region also has chamomile, sage, thyme, and oregano. Furthermore, Souma, a traditional fig-based spirit is a crucial element in the wellness tradition of mastic oil and mastiha, the signature of Chios.  2. Holistic Healing In Chios  The holistic healing facilities in Chios include meditation sessions near Mavra Volia beach. Furthermore, you can look for yoga retreats in secluded coastal villas and thermal spa visits in nearby Volissos.  Away from the crowd, the thermal spa visit near Amani was the ultimate rejuvenation for me after a busy day.  Cooking Classes And Culinary Tour In Chios, Greece I visited a cafe called Citrus Memories inside an old estate near Chios town. They served a citrus drink made with local fruits grown in Kampos.  The juice was not very sweet. In fact, the hint of bitterness in the drink was the kick. The garden of the old estate had orange trees and stone walls around. So, it was like being in a different era.  The citrus smell of the oranges offered the most refreshing olfactory experience, while the sound of cicadas was somehow felt healing. This was one of the best experiences of food and beverage in Chios, Greece.  1. Mastic Liqueur Tastings I tasted mastic liquor at a local taverna in Mesta. My guide told me that having the mastic liquor after food helps with faster digestion.  The one I tasted had just the right hint of anise. However, it did not overpower the drink's citrusy finish. The texture of the drink was clean, and it cleansed my palate.  2. Cheese-Making Workshops I took a guided tour of the Sinanis' family's traditional cheese workshop. You will notice a wonderful fusion of modern and traditional techniques in cheese-making. Furthermore, you will get to taste their cheese along with other local produce.  3. Traditional Bread Baking In Wood-Fired Ovens Making bread in wood-fired ovens is one of the most cherished culinary traditions of Chios. I was fortunate enough to visit the Klossas bakery in the village of Volissos.  Started in 1955, it is still run by the same family. The setup still has a traditional setup without windows, and they bake a limited variety of bread.  4. Farm-To-Table Cooking Classes With Local Chefs Many local chefs organize a farm-to-table cooking class using locally produced olive oil, citrus fruits, and seafood. I learned to make ipovrihio, a special sweet made using mastic. It is a flavored sugary paste served in cold water.  5. Festivals Celebrating The Food Of Chios  I was lucky enough to be in Chios in the month of August. I could attend many festivals celebrating the local food.  FestivalsSignificanceTimingSouma Festival• Celebrates the Souma spirit made from figs• Celebrated with local delicacies and traditional dance • First two weeks of AugustMountain and Livestock Festival• A three-day festival in Pityos• Vendors selling local produce directly to the public• July or early AugustAmateur Fishermen's Festival• Celebrated in Mesta• Kakavia, or fish soup, is served as part of the marine tradition• AugustPanagia Festival and Saint Markella Festival• Food and drink are shared at the village square • August and July, respectively Moreover, festivals celebrating local saints, such as the Feast of Agios Ioannis the Theologian, are ideal for enjoying local food and beverages. Goat or hake delicacies are served at the end of the religious ceremonies.  Adventure Activities Beyond Hiking The diverse geography of Chios makes it an ideal place for nature walks and hiking. However, it offers many unique adventures. For example, swimming in the tiny coves near Vroulidia and Agia Dynami was the best experience for me.  I started swimming at Agia Dynami early in the morning. The water was so clear that it felt like glass. I could see schools of tiny fish flickering like silver confetti.  Also, after the swim, I went to the taverna up the hill. The owner there served grilled fresh sardines. The dog under the table, taking a nap, made the picture perfect.  Nevertheless, sea kayaking, rock climbing, cave exploration, and mountain biking are some adventure activities in Chios, Greece. 1. Sea Kayaking Along Volcanic Beaches The southern coast around Emporios and Mavra Volia of the Black Pebble Beach is dramatic. The clear water here creates the perfect contrast with the dramatic volcanic beach.  I loved kayaking here and explored the surreal geological formations that we cannot reach on foot.  2. Rock Climbing In Kambia Climbing the limestone cliffs in Kambia offers serious adventure. The crowd here is smaller. Also, you will enjoy the most amazing views of the Aegean from the cliff top.  3. Cave Exploration In Olympoi Olympoi Cave is an active sinkhole. It has a unique geological formation surrounded by stalagmites and stalactites. It is a cooler retreat from the summer Sun, and every formation here tells the stories of the rich geological past of Chios, Greece.  4. Mountain Biking In The North The Amani Forest and the northern mountain ranges have many trails challenging the skills of a mountain biker. As the biker winds through the pine forests, they get to see the panoramic views of the surroundings.  Hidden Historical Sites In Chios, Greece If you are a history buff, you can explore the following locations in Chios, Greece.  • Daskalopetra (Homer’s Stone)  View this post on Instagram A post shared by Hidden Chios (@hiddenchios) Daskalopetra, or the stone formation at the center of this archaeological site near Vrontados, is said to be the birthplace of Homer. The ancient poet of the Iliad and the Odyssey.  Steeped in mythology, the place looks over the sea. It offers moments of quietude and looks the most beautiful during the sunrise hours.  • Anavatos Ghost Village  The location of the Anavatos Ghost Village on a sheer granite cliff itself looks surreal. Also known as the “Mistress of the Wind,: Anavatos has been lying vacant since the 1822 Chios Massacre.  I was walking through its alleys just before the sunset hours, and I felt history coming alive and the island celebrating its resilience at the same time.  • Phanai Archaeological Site  The Phanai Archaeological Site is at the southern tip of the island. It has the ruins of an ancient temple dedicated to the God Apollo.  This site does not receive many visitors. So, exploring the remnants of the Hellenic civilization was quite thrilling. The beautiful coastal views add to its appeal.  • Byzantine Churches  Everyone talks about the UNESCO-listed Nea Moni Monastery. However, in search of something lesser known but equally meaningful, I reached Byzantine churches in the mountain villages of the north. These offer stunning iconography and architectural details, often overseen by a single, welcoming caretaker ready to share local lore. Interactive Cultural Places In Chios, Greece If you are traveling with your family, you can explore the following interactive cultural places. These are ideal for multigenerational tourists.  1. Chios Mastic Museum Hours Open: 1st March to 15th October (10 AM to 6 PM) and 16th October to 28th February (10 AM to 5 PM) Entry Fee: Standard Ticket - €3, Concession Ticket: €1.5, Free on Specific Days Such as 18th May, 5th June, and the Last Weekend of September View this post on Instagram A post shared by Çeşme - Chios Ferry Tickets (@sunrise_lines) The Chios Mastic Museum celebrates the tradition of mastic production, an intangible UNESCO heritage. Located in the Pyrgi Village, the museum is inside an eco-friendly building.  This museum focuses on the uniqueness of mastic as a versatile product. Further, it shows how cooperatives have played an important role in the production of mastic products in the recent past.  2. Chios Castle Hours Open: 8 AM to 3:30 PM (Tuesday Closed) Entry: Free View this post on Instagram A post shared by Nazli Usta Lazaris (@yunanistandannotlar) Located in the north of the town center, Chios Castle used to be the fortified core of the town, starting from the Genoese period. Spanning over an area of 180,000 m2, the castle is still inhabited.  3. Giustiniani Palace Inside the Chios Castle, the Giustiniani Palace was the headquarters of the Genoese administration. As a museum, it holds archaeological and art exhibitions.  4. Chios Archaeological Museum Hours Open: 8 AM to 7 PM (Closed on Mondays in Winter) (Temporarily Under Renovation) Entry Fee: 10€ The Archaeological Museum of Chios has art exhibits from the Neolithic period to the Roman era. Furthermore, sculptures from the Prehistoric settlements, coins, inscriptions, mosaics, and more are exhibited in the museum.  5. Chios Maritime Museum Hours Open: 9 AM to 2 PM (Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday) Standard Fee: €3.00 Concession Fee: €2.00 Nestled in a neoclassical building, Chios Maritime Museum celebrates the rich maritime history of the island. It has nautical artifacts and ship models.  Beaches In Chios, Greece  Agia Dynami will always be my favorite with its calmness and the absence of any loud beach amenities.  However, Mavra Volia is a more touristy one, with its dramatic black pebbles and sapphire water.  Elinda Beach is another beach on the west of the island. It has a hidden cover, and it is famous for amazing sunset views of the Aegean.  A 5-Day Itinerary In Chios, Greece They say that 3-4 days are enough in Chios. However, for me, even the five days I spent here were not enough.  This is how I spent the days. DaysActivitiesDay 1• Mastic Harvesting Tour• Pottery Class in Armolia• Sea Kayaking near Mavra Volia• Attending the Souma Festival• Dinner at a TavernaDay 2• Early Morning Swim in Agia Dynami• Exploring Pyrgi and its Weaving Scene• Visiting the Mastic Museum• Visiting the Phanai Archaeological Site• Attending a Bread Baking ClassDay 3• A Trip to Daskalopetra and the Byzantine Churches• Visiting the Chios Castle• Exploring the Anavatos Ghost Village before Sunset Hours• Feasting at the Amateur Fishermen's Festival • An After-Dinner Stroll and Getting Lost in the Alleys of ChiosDay 4• Visiting the Chios Archaeological Museum• Mountain Biking near Kambia• Attending a Soap Making ClassTaking a tour of the Sinanis' Family's Traditional Cheese Workshop• Back to Chios in the Evening• Thermal Spa Visit near AmaniDay 5• Attending A Farm-to-Table Cooking Class• Collecting Olive Oil and Mastic Products• Off to the Airport Things To Remember For A Trip To Chios, Greece Here are some essential things you need to keep in mind for a trip to Chios, Greece.  Family Travel Tips• Visit shallow beaches like Agia Fotini• Choose kid-friendly tavernas with playgrounds.• Visit interactive museums and farms Eco-Tourism & Sustainability Tips• Stay in an eco-lodge• Visiting the Amani Forest and its protected eco trailsEco-Lodges and Sustainable Travel• Mastic Eco Retreat• Volissos Earth Homes• Amani Forest CabinsPhotography Spots & Sunrise/Sunset Locations• Sunrise at Daskalopetra• Sunset over Volissos Castle• Colorful alleys of Pyrgi• Black pebble beach of Mavra Volia• Panoramic views from Anavatos How To Reach Chios, Greece?  You have to reach Chios by air or sea. Here are the details. Also, many people include Chios as an extension of the coastal tour of Turkey, which is just a 30-45 minute ferry ride away.  Nevertheless, here are the details. By Air• Route: Direct flights from Athens International Airport (ATH).• Airlines: Aegean Airlines/Olympic Air and SKY Express.• Duration: The flight takes only 50 minutes.By Ferry• Route: Piraeus Port (Athens) to Chios Town Port (or sometimes Mesta Port)• Operator: Primarily Blue Star Ferries.• Duration: 7.5 - 10.5 Hours.From Turkey• Route: Çeşme, Turkey to Chios Town Port.• Duration: An incredibly short 30–45 minutes by high-speed ferry. Taking a car rental is the only way to explore Chios. However, if you drive, make sure that you can manage driving on the cobblestone streets.  What Is The Best Time To Visit Chios, Greece? April to October is the best time to visit Chios, Greece. Furthermore, April to June is the ideal time for adventures, and July and August are the ideal time for mastic harvesting tours, hitting the beaches, and taking part in the festivals.  September onward, the crowd becomes less, and you can enjoy the beauty of the quiet autumn here till October. November onward, the island does not have many tourists, and many facilities also shut down during these months.  Budget For The Chios Trip My trip to Chios cost me around $2000. However, that does not mean that Chios is a very expensive place. Here is a quick breakdown of the expenses.  ExpensesCostFlights$1200Accommodation for 4 Nights$180Food and Drink$150Local Transport$75Activities$150Total $1755 So, get ready to experience offbeat Greece and the most authentic Chios. Kaló taksídi! Chios Greece Travel Guide: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Here are the frequently asked questions and answers about Chios, Greece. 1. Is Chios A Nice Island? Less than an hour away from Turkey’s coast, Chios is the fifth-largest island of Greece. It is a nice island with a pristine vibe and a rich heritage around mastic production, natural healing, pottery, and weaving. Furthermore, its historical ruins have many stories to share about the vivid past of the island.  2. Does It Snow In Chios? No, it does not snow in Chios because the air is typically around 62% humid. However, temperatures drop significantly in the months of January and February, and the temperature is around 6 to 12 degrees Celsius.  3. What Is Chios Food? Chios food is an extension of what is available as local produce. So, you will find the use of citrus fruits such as mandarin, local cheese such as mastelo, fish, and mastic resin. Furthermore, despite its distinct culinary heritage, food here shows an influence of the nearby Asia Minor. 

BY  Barsha Feb 3, 2026

Which is colder: Minus 40°C or Minus 40°F? The question appears simple, at least at a glance. But if you think about it, it does open an interesting window into the dynamic world of temperature, rather, how we tend to measure temperature.  Moreover, it also gives insight into why different people use different measurement systems across the globe.  The most fascinating part? How do these systems even relate to extreme temperatures?  The answer might actually surprise you. -40°C and -40°F are exactly equal. Yep! That’s right - it is the point of meeting for the two temperature scales.  On that note, let’s dissect and unpack why this even happens.  More importantly, what else do you need to know about the two temperature scales before you can plan your next mountain escapade.  Celsius Vs Fahrenheit: What’s The Difference? To make things super easy for you to understand, I have laid out the difference between Celsius and Fahrenheit in simple terms below: AspectsCelsiusFahrenheitOriginAnders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, developed the Celsius scale in 1742. Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, a German physicist, developed the Fahrenheit scale in 1724.Definition“of or using a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 0° and boils at 100°.” (Oxford Dictionary)“of or using a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 32° and boils at 212°.” (Oxford Dictionary)Used InMost places in the world, including Europe, Australia, Africa, Asia, and most scientific work. Primarily in the United States of America and some Caribbean countries.Conversion Formula°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 So, Which Is Colder: Minus 40°C or Minus 40°F? I already answered this question in the very beginning - both are the same! It is the point at which the two scales meet.  So, if you use the conversation formula I have listed above, then: -40°C × 9/5 + 32 = -40°F Also, this is the only point where Fahrenheit and Celsius readings match.  Then, why does it confuse all of us? It is mainly because of three primary reasons, as per my understanding:  Most individuals don’t really encounter extreme weather conditions. So, they do not really come across this overlap point.  Secondly, in most countries, the education system teaches only one scale. As a result, there is little or no intuitive comparison.  Finally, Fahrenheit readings are usually larger for both outdoor and room temperatures. For example, 50°F is equivalent to 10°C. This automatically makes most individuals assume that the two scales don’t match.  Where Does It Hit -40 On Earth? Places like Greenland, Northern Canada, Siberia, and some regions of Scandinavia go down to -40 regularly during the winter months.  For example: In February 2021, temperatures dipped to -43°C in Sweden.  Siberia, Canada, and Yukon also experience these levels regularly.  In these regions, both Fahrenheit and Celsius are the same - you will shiver equally.  In this context, I have a fun fact about the coldest temperatures recorded on Earth: In 1983, Vostok Station, located in Antarctica, recorded −128.6°F (-89.2°C) (Source: Britannica)  That is literally double what you will feel at -40°. More importantly, it is a real-world reminder that extreme weather conditions and environments exist on Earth.  How Cold Does It Feel At -40°? The truth is that whether it is -40°F or -40°C, you will feel the same. And trust me, I’m not kidding - you will literally shiver!  In February 2021, I experienced -40°C in Yukon. My thermometer read -40°F, and I experienced frostbite risk within minutes. Whether it’s -40°C or -40°F, the result is the same: Your skin will freeze within minutes without the right protection.  Vehicles might not even start. Metal will stick to the skin.  Your eyelashes might freeze.  At -40°, it is dangerously cold regardless of what scale you are using.  Also, the wind is so chilly that you will shiver and can fall sick or even die without the right gear and equipment.  How -40° Feels On The Human Body? So, I can’t just keep telling you guys that it is going to be dangerously cold.  Instead, it is much better to give you all the real picture of how the human body is bound to react at sub-zero temperatures:  Temp (°F/°C)Impact On The Human Body-76°F/-60°CIt is painful to even breathe. Also, exposed body parts, including eyes, will freeze.-40°F/-40°CSkin will freeze in two minutes. Also, metal will stick to the skin. -22°F/-30°CExposed and unprotected skin, including eyelashes, will freeze in ten minutes. -4°F/-20°CNumbness begins to set in, with an increasing risk of frostbite. 14°F/-10°CThe skin begins to sting, with a risk of frostnip if exposed. 32°F/0°CBreathing becomes visibly tough. Also, fingers stiffen in a few minutes.  Even without any chilly winds, subzero temperatures are hazardous, especially if you are not prepared.  At -40°, both Fahrenheit and Celsius, there is only one brutal truth: without protection and preparation, it is dangerous and life-threatening.  Winter Hiking Hazards You Should Know About: Winter can alter any landscape radically, striking a balance between mesmerizing beauty and quirky dangers.  And while it is impossible to talk about all hazards in detail, I’ve compiled all the possible winter hiking hazards and their mitigation strategies below: Winter Hiking HazardMitigation StrategyFrostbite & HypothermiaCheck the weather, pack extra clothes, and layer well.Slip & FallUse microspikes or crampons and trekking poles.Getting LostUse a compass, maps, and a GPS. Also, try mapping your route.Fatigue & DehydrationEat frequently, stay hydrated, and pack extra food (and water).Falling Into Ice or WaterAlways test the ice and be careful while crossing icy terrains. CornicesAvoid walking under or on the edges of ridges. Equipment FailureKeep electronics warm. Also, carry gear repairs and physical maps. Tree WellsIn deep snow, avoid the base of trees. AvalanchesCheck forecasts for avalanches. Also, avoid steep terrains. Short Daylight HoursStart early, carry spare batteries, and definitely wear a headlamp. In addition, I’ve touched upon the common (but very dangerous) hiking hazards that you can come across at sub-zero temperatures in the mountains in detail: 1. Ice: Of course, you need to worry about ice! In the winter months, melt-freeze cycles turn hiking trails into slippery ice. Similarly, this can also happen on popular tourist routes where snow is compressed over a long period of time.  If you slip on these icy trails, it will lead to bruises and bumps. Moreover, a bad slip and fall can lead to serious wrist, ankle, or back injuries.  As a result, it is best to carry metal-tipped trekking poles and traction for additional stability in such conditions.  2. Avalanches: In the United States, avalanches (as per avalanche.org) kill between 25 and 30 people every winter. Moreover, the injury rates are much higher.  Most victims are ice climbers, snowmobilers, snowboarders, and backcountry skiers. However, oblivious hikers do get caught in avalanches occasionally.  The worst part? Nearly 95% of avalanches begin on slopes that are between 30 and 45 degrees in steepness.  However, the snow ends up traveling down to the flat terrain - and it even appears to be safe to an untrained eye.  As a result, it is vital to consult topo maps, check trip reports, and talk with local experts before you set out. That is your best shot at safety in the face of an avalanche.  3. Glaciers: Many of the iconic summits in the United States are guarded by glaciers.  While there are several snowfields across the western part of the United States - mostly misnamed as glaciers - you will find true glaciers mostly in the Pacific Northwest and in the far north.  Moreover, these are active glaciers that moves around, forming cracks with time. As a result, these fissures, A.K.A crevasses, lie under the snow, hidden from the human eye. Naturally, fatal falls - and unexpected ones - become a major possibility.  So, it’s best not to step out on glaciated terrain unless you have some experience in both glacier navigation and snow travel. This also includes improving your fissure-rescue skills.  4. Steep Snow: The challenge and adventure of climbing snow-covered, steep slopes is certainly thrilling.  Recently, I had the opportunity to try out snow climbing, and while it was thrilling, I can’t overstate the importance of safety and experience.  It’s so much more technical than it appears visually - if you slip even once, you can slide down the steep slope. Also, you have to know: How can you assess the snow conditions around you? Use crampons.  Take a fall with the help of an ice axe.  Additionally, it is best to be familiar with avalanches and safety first. Because a majority of snow climbs will require you to cross terrain prone to avalanches.  What To Know Before Planning Your Next Mountain Escapade? 9 Tips That Can Keep You Safe! Safety in weather extremes, especially in the mountains, requires careful preparation, specialized equipment, and a constant awareness of your body’s condition.  Moreover, the combination of high winds, rapid changes in weather, and freezing temperatures leads to life-threatening conditions. And that too in minutes.  This includes the risk of both frostbite and hypothermia. Moreover, preparing for freezing temperatures is incomplete without strict layering, high-calorie nutrition, and waterproof gear. And still it’s not enough - surprised? Well, don’t be! Instead, scroll down for the internet’s most comprehensive list to prepare for survival in freezing temperatures in the mountains. 1. Stay Hydrated: Problem: Dehydration is very common in freezing temperatures, much like hotter regions with arid weather conditions.  How? The cold weather conditions can easily suppress thirst. But the dry air in the mountains and high levels of physical activity will make your body dehydrated - and this will happen faster than you can possibly imagine.  Moreover, dehydration can lead to dizziness, fatigue, and headaches.  Solution: As a result, you should try carrying a thermos with herbal teas (like chamomile, tulsi, or ginger) or just warm water with lemon and honey. These can hydrate you, keep you warm from the inside, and boost immunity.  Also, on this note, avoid caffeine or any caffeinated drinks since they will dehydrate you faster.   2. Nourish Yourself: Problem: Your body will burn a lot of calories to stay warm in freezing temperatures.  As a result, even if you think that a bowl of hot Maggi seems like an appealing meal for the mountains, it is crucial to balance comfort and nutrition.  Solution: So, you should focus on energy-dense and high-calorie food items like seeds, whole grains, and roasted nuts to ensure high energy levels in the body.  Moreover, you can consider adding warming ingredients to your food. Ingredients like turmeric, garlic, and ginger can fight cold and improve digestion.  Also, if you do end up eating a steaming bowl, then add boiled eggs or vegetables for a healthy, protein-packed version.  On that note, here’s a list of things you can eat: Beef jerky.  Trail mix. Nuts. Milk chocolate. Pretzels or chips. Cheese and deli meat. Tortillas or crackers. Pizza slices. Pumpkin or banana bread. Peanut butter sandwiches. 3. Protect Your Lips And Skin From Dryness: Problem: Cold and dry air is not good for the skin - it strips the skin of moisture. And this in turn leads to dry hands, irritated skin, and cracked lips.  This is highly uncomfortable and causes skin damage if you don’t address it within minutes.  Solution: As a result, always use a moisturizer that is thick and nourishing before stepping out. Moreover, while doing so, focus on different areas like your face, neck, and hands, which are prone to getting exposed.  Also, do not forget to apply lip balm on your lips - and ensure the lip balm comes with SPF for protection against the UV rays of the sun and the cold, both of which are strong at high altitudes.  In addition, eat food items that have a high percentage of omega-3s. This includes flaxseeds and walnuts, both of which are perfect for hydrating your skin from within.  4. Stay Active For Proper Blood Circulation: Problem: When you are absolutely stationary in freezing temperatures, your blood circulation will slow down. This, in turn, makes you feel colder.  Solution: The only solution here is not to sit in the same spot for too long.  So, try out light activities such as walking, stretching, or even a few squats to ensure proper blood circulation. Also, it feels good to do light physical activities after a long day of trekking.  5. Take Care Of Your Altitude Sickness: Problem: At high altitudes, you can expect oxygen levels to fluctuate and drop. This, in turn, can cause fatigue, nausea, or dizziness.  Solution: You should give enough time to your body - that way, your body will be able to adjust. As a result, it is best to take it easy on day 1.  Moreover, drink lots of water and eat food items that are rich in antioxidants. This includes berries, nuts, and fresh fruits. That way, your body will be able to fight the stress and pressure of altitude.  If you are feeling unwell at any point, don’t push too hard. Rest is very important.  6. Support Your Body’s Immune System: Problem: The blend of altitude and cold weather can easily weaken your body’s immune system. This, in turn, will make you prone to illnesses.  Solution: Incorporate food items that are rich in Vitamin C, like amla or oranges, in your daily diet in the mountains to boost your body’s immune system.  Moreover, warm soups are also great - but ensure these have vegetables, lentils, or even chicken stock. Why? Because it offers warmth, hydration, and nourishment together.  Also, ensure you can sleep well - a good sleep cycle will recharge your body.  7. Look After Your Feet: Problem: Remember that cold or wet can lead to chilblains, frostbite, and lots of discomfort. Solution: Invest in insulated and waterproof boots. Moreover, you can consider wearing thick woollen socks to ensure your feet are dry and warm.  Also, don’t forget to carry an additional pair of dry socks - that way you can change socks if your feet feel too damp. In addition, you can try massaging your feet with a nice, warm balm. Why? It will prevent dryness and improve circulation.  8. Breathe Smartly For Avoiding Cold-Air Effects: Problem: If you directly breathe in icy, cold air, then it will irritate your lungs.  Trust me on this one! It has happened to me. And then you will start coughing. Some people also feel a tightness in their chests.  Solution: When you start feeling chilly, try to breathe through your nose and avoid doing it through your mouth. This will keep you warm, moisturizing the air even before it can reach your lungs. Also, this will help you to keep respiratory problems at bay.  9. Prioritize Mental Wellness: Problem: The beautiful solitude of the mountains can be very peaceful. However, at times it can get very overwhelming. As a result, staying healthy mentally is just as crucial as looking after yourself physically.  Solution: Take some time for yourself so that you can practice mindfulness - and while doing so, don’t forget to appreciate the beauty around you.  Moreover, you can consider carrying a journal for jotting down your reflections and thoughts.  Also, it is healthy to count on your group to stay connected. Why? Sharing experiences together can motivate everyone and lift spirits.