Dark Tourism in India Exploring Shadows and Must-Visit Sites

BY  Sibashree Sep 18, 2025

Pamukkale is one of the most visited regions in Turkey in 2025. With its natural beauty and historical intrigue, it welcomed 1.6 million visitors in 2025, according to a recent Travel and Tour World report.  Home to the Hierapolis spa city, Pamukkale Turkey, has snow-white travertine terraces, which look dramatic against the backdrop of blue skies. Also, it is one of the most prominent destinations in Turkey to promote nature-based tourism.  Also, resembling a winter wonderland covered with snow, Pamukkale is actually a unique landscape formed by hot spring waters in a Sun-kissed zone of Turkey.  Where Is Pamukkale Turkey?  Pamukkale is in the Denizli Province of southwestern Turkey. It has Hierapolis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a unique landscape, including white travertine terraces.  The unique landscape is built with the carbonite mineral deposits of the hot water springs here.  Furthermore, Pamukkale is in the Inner Aegean region of Turkey and it is in the valley of the River Menderes.  How To Reach Pamukkale Turkey From Istanbul? The distance between Pamukkale and Istanbul is close to 572 km, and based on your mode of transport, it will take between 6 hours 20 minutes and 11 hours to reach Pamukkale.  1. Istanbul To Pamukkale Turkey By Train You can take a train from Istanbul to Eskişehir and then board the Pamukkale Express from Eskişehir to Denizli, where Pamukkale is located. This 8-hour journey by train allows you to cherish the beauty of central Anatolia.  Otherwise, board a train from Istanbul to Yenikapı and then a train to Pamukkale. The train will pass through stations such as Istanbul Pendik, Eskişehir, and Goncalı. 2. Istanbul To Pamukkale By Air The Denizli-Çardak Airport (DNZ) is the nearest airport to Pamukkale. It is located at a distance of 67 km. You can take a domestic flight from Istanbul to Pamukkale and then take a shuttle or a bus to reach Pamukkale by road within 50 minutes.  3. Istanbul To Pamukkale By Road Companies such as Kamil Koç operate direct buses from Istanbul to Sarayköy. From Sarayköy to Pamukkale, it is a journey of less than 30 minutes by road.  Moreover, you can take overnight buses to Pamukkale from Istanbul.  What Is So Special About Pamukkale Turkey?  With thermal springs, white hills of cascading water, and crystal lakes, the unique landscape of Pamukkale looks stunning. Furthermore, it has Hierapolis or the “Holy City.”  Fortunately, all these unique features of Pamukkale are mostly intact even today. Moreover, as the UNESCO World Heritage Convention says, it is a wonderful fusion of natural beauty and cultural richness.  “The property is largely intact and includes all the attributes necessary to express its Outstanding Universal Value, based on the strong and tight integration between the natural landscape (the white travertine terraces and numerous thermal springs) and culture (the city ruins from the Greco-Roman and Byzantine period, especially the theatre and the necropolis). The boundaries of the site are adequate to reflect the site’s significance.” - UNESCO World Heritage Convention.  Let’s explore its unique features and landmarks.  1. Cotton Castle Pamukkale Turkey Pamukkale means cotton castle in Turkey, and the name comes from the travertine terraces, which have white formations with a cotton-like appearance. The terraces here form stepped pools, and together they look like a cascading castle of white cotton and crystals.  But do you know how this unique landmark was formed? Western Anatolia in Turkey has the largest deposits of calcium carbonate rocks in the world. However, it is also the region where the Earth’s crust faces the maximum pull.  Furthermore, various geothermal, seismic, and volcanic activities here create many fissures and faults. The Pamukkale plateau in the Denizli Basin is one of the main examples of this kind of geological formation.  Here, the calcite terraces and rimstone pools fall from over a 200-meter-tall cliff. Being rich in minerals, the cascading water covers the rocks with a thick layer of white sediments. These rocks look like layers of cotton and have thus got the name Cotton Castle.   According to NASA, the mineral deposition in this area is aged between 50000 and 600,000 years. The process started from the Pleistocene epoch, and the latest deposition here is related to the Laodikeia earthquake.  2. The Pools Of Pamukkale Turkey The thermal pools in the travertine terraces of Pamukkale were formed with mineral-rich hot spring water falling down the hillside and solidifying the deposits.  The vast Cleopatra’s Pool is probably the most prominent example when we talk about the pools of Pamukkale. The average water temperature of these pools ranges between 19 and 57 degrees Celsius. Sometimes the temperature can be as much as 100 degrees Celsius.  3. The Hot Springs Of Pamukkale The hot springs of Pamukkale have geothermal water, which is rich in minerals. Being mineral-rich, these waters have many therapeutic benefits. Moreover, it is a lifetime experience to swim in the geothermal pools on travertine terraces against the beautiful white walls.  4. The Ancient Hierapolis Or The Holy City Of Pamukkale  King Antiochus II founded ancient Hierapolis in the 2nd century BCE at the top of Pamukkale. Its strategic position near the thermal rings and along the trade route made it a thriving city during the Roman Rule.  Furthermore, Hierapolis became a prominent spa and healing city, and it grew in religious and cultural significance over time. The vast necropolis, the Temple of Apollo, and the Roman theater are the telltale signs of a rich history of Hierapolis, or the Holy City of Pamukkale.  Moreover, during the Byzantine era, Hierapolis experienced tremendous growth as a Christian hub, and it became a bishopric. In addition, the necropolis area saw many churches being built, and it became a chosen resting place for Christian martyrs.  Finally, in 1988, UNESCO gave the combination of Hierapolis and Pamukkale the designation of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.  5. The Gate To Hel Or Pluto’s Gate In Hierapolis View this post on Instagram A post shared by M. Tolga Akbulut (@mtolgaakbulut) Pluto’s Gate was believed to be the gate to hell or the underworld. This prominent archaeological site was associated with Pluto, the Roman God of the dead, wealth, and the underworld.  The scientific explanation behind this place is that geothermal activities in Pamukkale caused the release of a large amount of carbon dioxide. Thus, it became a lethal area, and the priests utilized this natural phenomenon to convince pilgrims of the place’s mystical power.  What Are The Things To Do In Pamukkale Turkey? As I have already mentioned, the things to do in Pamukkale are the perfect fusions of natural, cultural, and religious explorations. Try these activities here.  1. Taking A Bath In Cleopatra’s Pool Cleopatra’s Pool got its name from Queen Cleopatra taking a bath in this pool. It is surrounded by marble columns that go back 1000 years.  This pool is just a 10-minute walk away from the main ruins of Hierapolis. 2. Exploring The Roman Theater The history of the Roman Theater goes back to the 2nd century AD. It could accommodate 12,000 visitors and was the venue for theatrical performances and gladiatorial battles.  Even today, the Roman Theater is well-maintained, and you can enjoy a panoramic view of Pamukkale from this place.  3. Taking A Stroll Around The Necropolis The necropolis area of Pamukkale has tombs and family mausoleums that belong to the Byzantine, Roman, and Hellenistic periods.  The necropolis area is like an outdoor museum where you can read the plaques and learn a lot about the people who stayed here and how they viewed life and the afterlife.  4. Visiting The Local Villages The Pamukkale Village offers you a slice of the ultimate Turkish rural life. Try the mezes or appetizers, kebabs, and Pide or Turkish pizzas from local shops and restaurants here.  Also, you can explore the shops here to buy ceramic items, jewelry, and textiles.  5. Enjoying A Walk Through The Travertine Terraces Take a walk along the travertine terraces and experience the wonder of nature at its best. Furthermore, you can wet your feet in the warm waters of the pools here.  However, you have to walk carefully on the surface as it can be slippery.  Pamukkale Turkey: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Here are the frequently asked questions and answers about Pamukkale Turkey.  1. What Is The Best Time To Visit Pamukkale Turkey? April to June, or the spring season, and September to November, or the autumn season, are ideal times for a visit to Pamukkale. However, if you want to avoid the crowd, the winter months of December to March are the best options.  2. Which City Is The Closest To Pamukkale Turkey? Denizli is the closest city to Pamukkale. The distance between these two places is around 17 km. Today, Denizli City is a bustling hub of textile production and export.  3. Is It Possible To Swim In Pamukkale? Yes, swimming is allowed in the travertine pools in Pamukkale. However, there are only some designated pools, such as the Cleopatra Pool, where you can swim.  4. Is 1 Day Enough In Pamukkale? Yes, one day is enough to explore the Pamukkale. You can take a bath in the travertine pools, explore the ancient ruins, and visit the local villages within 5-6 hours.  5. Which One Is Better? Cappadocia Or Pamukkale? Cappadocia and Pamukkale both have stunning landscapes. However, Cappadocia is famous for adventurous activities, like hot air balloon rides. On the other hand, Pamukkale is a place for natural exploration, visiting the ancient ruins, and taking a bath in the travertine pools.  6. What Language Is Spoken In Pamukkale? Turkish, the official language of Turkey, is the main language in Pamukkale. However, people here also speak in English.  7. Is Pamukkale Good For Skin? Yes, Pamukkale is good for the skin. The presence of silica, sulfur, and calcium in the water improves the elasticity of the skin, cleanses the skin, and alleviates eczema and other skin conditions.  8. Can I Drink Water In Pamukkale? The water of the thermal springs and pools of Pamukkale is rich in minerals. So, it is better to avoid drinking the water from the hot springs and pools in Pamukkale.  9. Do I Need To Pay Entry Fee To Visit Pamukkale Yes, you will need to pay an entry fee to visit Pamukkale. Furthermore, there will be an additional fee if you want to swim in the Cleopatra Pool.  Read Also: You Cannot Miss These Unique Things To Do In Indiana | Explore The Hidden Gems To Visit Your Visa Guide: Turkey Transit Visa Information & Hong Kong Visa Processing Time Easiest Countries To Get Citizenship In 2025: Let’s Know The Names

BY  Arnab Sep 29, 2022

We’ll go on jeep safaris to explore wildlife closely. But if you want a true wildlife experience that enriches you physically, mentally, and even spiritually, then you must try bush walks. Bush walk takes you on a walking safari to national parks that are havens for unique flora and fauna. These let you immerse into a healthier and happier community. In this blog, we're going to tell you how a walking safari can change your life. But First, What Is A Walking Safari? A walking safari takes you on less-traveled paths, bringing you the most authentic safari experience. On your journey, you’ll experience many things that are easy to miss on a vehicle. Instead of simply gazing at animals and vegetation, you can examine these wildlife entities closely. You get the opportunity to track the footprints of animals on the ground. Watch lovely beetles roll the dung and hear birds singing melodically. If you happen to be in South Africa, you're in luck. The land has a lot to offer for bushwalkers. You typically start in the morning. Some walking safari camps also run in the afternoon. But if you’re after an incredible experience, then head out at the crack of dawn. At this time of the day, animals are most active, and the crisp morning air simply touches your soul. Walking becomes even easier during the African dry winter, mainly because of low temperatures and humidity. Also, dry vegetation increases your chance of spotting animals. So, it’s the best time to go on bush walks in South Africa. Top Reasons To Book A Bush Walk: While there are many reasons to book a bush walk, key benefits are: 1. Connect with Nature You don't need to confide in a vehicle. Instead, you can walk on foot and have an intimate experience with the wild. You’ll get to see lots of fascinating animals, soaking your eyes in their incredible beauty. You can see, smell and feel things around you. It’s not possible to experience this from a distance. All in all, a safari on foot lets you connect with nature on different levels. 2. See Finer Details While exploring the African bush on a walking safari, you'll be able to discover every single detail of your surroundings. These include plants, animals, birds, insects, and even some wonderful landscapes. So, you'll be able to slowly absorb your surroundings so that you can easily drive straight passed while driving a vehicle. 3. Learn a New Skill In addition, you’ll learn a new skill, that is, tracking. Your tour guide to bush walk will teach you to read tracks in the sand and successfully follow animals. This wonderful skill will improve your overall wildlife experience in the bush. You may spot wild giraffes, wild elephants, and hippos playing in the woods. By going on a walking safari in African woods or national parks, you can expect a lot of immersive experiences. You can travel solo, with your family, friends, or in a group of other travelers. So, book a bush walk tour in South Africa. Read Also: 10 Best Things To Do In San Diego (USA) 10 Best Places To Travel In July – Travel Guide 2022 Which Is The Best Time To Visit Sikkim? – Travel Guide

BY  Arnab Feb 19, 2024

Embarking on a journey to New Zealand, acknowledged for its breathtaking natural landscapes and thrilling adventure sports, is a thrilling prospect. However, amidst all the excitement, it is vital to not forget the importance of journey coverage. Travel insurance offers economic safety and peace of thoughts in case of unexpected activities or emergencies throughout your journey. In this weblog submission, we can discuss the important thing factors you want to understand approximately tour insurance before your New Zealand journey.  Why Travel Insurance is Essential for Your New Zealand Trip Travel coverage is critical for any international journey, and New Zealand is not an exception. It gives insurance for numerous conditions which include scientific emergencies, trip cancellations or interruptions, lost or stolen assets, and private liability. The fee of medical treatment and emergency evacuation can be exorbitant, and having travel insurance ensures that you are not burdened with hefty charges in such conditions.  When buying your insurance on your New Zealand experience, it's miles vital to search for a policy tailored to your precise desires. Consider factors inclusive of the length of your journey, any pre-existing clinical situations, and the value of your belongings. Compare different coverage alternatives and select a coverage that gives complete coverage at a reasonable fee.  Remember, travel insurance is your safeguard against unexpected situations and provides peace of mind throughout your trip. Don't underestimate its importance when planning your New Zealand adventure. Purchase travel insurance in NZ today to ensure a worry-free and enjoyable trip. Types of Travel Insurance Coverage for New Zealand When selecting a travel insurance plan for your New Zealand trip, it is important to understand the different types of coverage available. These typically include medical coverage, trip cancellation, and interruption coverage, baggage and personal belongings coverage, and personal liability coverage. Travel insurance policies vary in coverage, so it's essential to choose one that meets your specific needs. Common coverage options include: Medical Expenses: This covers the costs of medical treatment and hospitalization in case of illness or injury during your trip.  Trip Cancellation and Interruption: In the event of trip cancellation or interruption due to unforeseen circumstances such as illness, natural disasters, or emergencies, this coverage reimburses you for non-refundable expenses. Baggage and Personal Belongings: This coverage provides compensation for lost, stolen, or damaged luggage and personal items during your trip. Emergency Evacuation and Repatriation: In case of a medical emergency requiring evacuation or repatriation, this coverage ensures you receive proper medical care and transportation back to your home country. Understanding the New Zealand Healthcare System for Travelers While New Zealand has an excellent healthcare system, it is significant to understand that tourists are not eligible for free medical treatment. Travel insurance helps cover the costs of medical treatment, hospital stays, and emergency evacuations. It is advisable to familiarize yourself with the healthcare system and ensure your travel insurance provides adequate coverage for medical expenses. While New Zealand has an exceptional healthcare system, it is significant to understand that tourists are not eligible for free medical treatment. Travel insurance that covers covid, helps cover the costs of medical treatment, hospital stays, and emergency evacuations. It is advisable to familiarize yourself with the healthcare system and ensure your travel insurance provides adequate coverage for medical expenses. Key Exclusions and Limitations of Travel Insurance in New Zealand Travel insurance policies often have exclusions and limitations that you need to be aware of. Common exclusions may include pre-existing medical conditions, injuries resulting from high-risk activities, and loss of belongings due to negligence. Familiarize yourself with the policy's terms and conditions to ensure you understand what is covered and what is not. How to Choose the Right Travel Insurance Plan for New Zealand Choosing the right travel insurance plan for your New Zealand trip can be overwhelming. Consider factors such as coverage limits, deductibles, exclusions, and the reputation of the insurance provider. It is crucial to read the policy terms and conditions carefully and assess your specific needs to find a plan that provides comprehensive coverage at an affordable price. Preparing for Your Trip: A Travel Insurance Checklist Before embarking on your New Zealand adventure, make sure you have a comprehensive travel insurance checklist. This should include reviewing your policy coverage, carrying a copy of your insurance documents, knowing the emergency contact details, and understanding the process of making a claim. Additionally, it is always wise to share your travel itinerary and insurance details with a trusted person back home. Conclusion As you plan your trip to New Zealand, prioritize obtaining travel insurance to protect yourself against unforeseen events and emergencies. Understanding the coverage options, exclusions, and claims process will enable you to select the right travel insurance plan. With the right travel insurance, you can explore stunning landscapes and engage in thrilling activities with peace of mind, knowing that you are financially protected. Read Also: 6 Reasons Why You Need Travel Insurance Luxuriate In Paradise: Unveiling The Pinnacle Of Luxury Travel In New Zealand Vacationing Without Travel Insurance? Here’s What Might Happen If You Need It!