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BY  Sibashree Sep 12, 2024

I stood before the remnants of the South Pueblo walls, looking over the Mission Church on an autumn day last year. Looking at the archaeological site and standing below the blue fall sky, I was transported to the time of the American Revolution.  Further, I could hear the noise of a bustling trade fair with people from the Pecos Pueblo community doing business. However, the historical importance of the park is much beyond its association with the American Revolution. It is also related to the Civil War in New Mexico and the Independence of Mexico.  So, with centuries of human history etched in every corner, the Pecos National Historical Park is an intersection of past tales and nature. To be honest, The Pecos Pueblo and Santa Fe Trail were the biggest highlights for me when I was at the national park.  Therefore, my ode to the park will start with brief accounts of these places. Then, I will talk about the Glorieta Pass, again a site of historical importance in the park. Finally, you will have a quick look at the park's wildlife.  Pecos National Historical Park: A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions  The history of human lives in the Pecos National Historical Park goes back to the Preceramic Period or the 11,500 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. However, the Pecos Pueblo site in the park became a prominent place in the history of the American Revolution in the Early Colonial and Pre-Revolt era.  Spanish people started interacting with the Pueblo people. Further, thanks to the Franciscan Missions, the Spanish rule wanted to have command over the economic life and beliefs of the Pueblo people.  Thus, the first seeds of the American Revolution were sown. To combat the oppression of the Spanish people, the Pueblo Revolt took place on 10th August 1680. As a result, the Spanish Government and Franciscan Friars were expelled from the southwest under the leadership of  Po’pay from Ohkay Owengeh. The Spanish Mission Church, built in 1625, was also destroyed in the revolt of 1680.  However, in 1692, the Spanish People further reclaimed the Pecos Pueblo and many other pueblos. Finally, the Pueblo people declined in numbers in 1700. Before, during, and after the first American Revolution, The Pecos Pueblo emerged as an important location with significant events around it!  Further, around 200 years later (1821-1846 C.E.), another site in the park, the  Santa Fe Trail, witnessed travelers, settlers, and everyone else passing through it. The trail was opened in 1821 after Mexico gained its independence from Spain.  The remains of Pecos Pueblo stood there! By the 1830s, the migration of the Pubelo people was complete, and everyone had shifted to the Pueblo of Jemez and continued their traditions.  Moreover, in 1862, there was the “Battle of Glorieta Pass.” On 26th March 1862, this battle between the Union forces and Confederates occurred at a 700 feet elevation.  The Pecos Pueblo Site Today  https://www.instagram.com/p/Cto5MWnS5Oa/ The rise of the Pecos Pueblo site occurred between 1350 C.E. and 1838 C.E. The Pueblo site had two units, the north and south, and could accommodate around 2000 people. Further, it had 1000 rooms. Therefore, Pecos Pueblo thrived as a busy trading center with trade fairs involving people from Rio Grande Pueblos, Plains Nations, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific Coast. The flint arrowheads and shells found here explain the expansive stretch of the route.  Nevertheless, with time, Pecos Pueblo became instrumental in eliminating Spanish oppression and rule. Still, a drop in the trade, Comanche attacks, and diseases deserted Pecos Pueblo. By 1838 C.E., the last resident of the Pueblo had left and joined the Pueblo of Jemez.  Today, the site stands as a relic from the past. However, it is still equally important for archaeologists and historians.  The Santa Fe Trail  Do you know what the Santa Fe Trail marker near Kozlowski's Trading Post says? It says,  Santa Fe Trail 1822-1879 Marked by the daughters of the American Revolution and the Territory of Nex Mexico.  With the independence of New Mexico and the western territories becoming an annexure to New Mexico, the Santa Fe Trail became the route or passage to the westward movement. Naturalists, journalists, travelers, aspirants, traders, and others took this passage as part of the American expansion. Colonel Henry Inman’s “Stories of the Old Santa Fe Trail,” published in 1881, describes the trail well. If you are a history buff, you must read this book well before visiting the Santa Fe Trail today!  “Kozlowski’s Stage Stop and Trading Post” is the highlight of this trail. You can spend some time here to visualize travelers from the past catching some rest after a long journey through the trail. When on the trail, you can explore the remains of the Pueblo and the Mission Church. You can even consider taking a guided tour of the Forked Lightning Ranch.  Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail  https://www.instagram.com/p/B9xRKctnb3M/ Important Details About the Glorieta Pass Battle1. Reason for Conflict: Union forces and Confederates wanted to control the Glorieta Pass Route through the Sangre de Cristo mountains and the main supply center (Fort Union) for the passage of soldiers and supplies. 2. Contenders: The Confederates, with volunteers from Texas and under the leadership of General Shipley and the Union forces led by Colonel Canby, and soldiers from Fort Union, New Mexico, and Colorado. 3. Battle Begins: March 26, 18624. Reinforcements: 27th March, 18625. Battle Resumes: 28th March, 18626. Battle Ends: 29th March, 18627. Casualty: Death of 375 People 8. Consequence: The Union forces defeat the Confederates as they fail to ruin the Fort Union. Further, the Union forces maintain complete control over Southwest America.  The Glorieta Battlefield Trail is a popular hiking destination today in Pecos National Historical Park. It is a roundtrip loop, and you will have to cover a distance of 2.25 miles to complete your expedition. Further, the unpaved or graveled hiking route makes it moderately difficult for the hikers. In addition, there is an elevation gain of 152 meters.  You have to drive for around 7.5 miles from the main visitor center of the park. You will need to collect a gate code from the visitor center, which is your access code, to open the locked gate in front of the trail.  As you walk through the forest trail, you get to know more about the Civil War in New Mexico. Many infographics are installed throughout the trail, telling you tales from the past. In addition, there are wayside signs and 14 trail markers to explain the history of the battle on this pass in detail.  More About Hiking The Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail  Time: Around 1 hour Refreshments (Hikers’ Favorites): Pecos Burger at El Maria Bonita (With a lot of meat and a smoky green chilly flavor!) and Chips and Salsa, of course! The Trail Guide you collect from the visitor center already keeps you hooked on the site's history. Indeed, this trail is less about hiking and more about flipping through the pages of the American Civil War in Mexico.  Let’s Hear It From Other Visitors To The Park  “Really nice park. Easy to find and it is free! Inside the visitor center, they had a really great exhibit that followed the pecos overtime. It was super informative and brought a lot more meaning to the actual park. After looking around the exhibit, you can take the trail up and around the park and church. It's amazing that the walls are still there. The view around the park is also beautiful. We spent about 2 hours here.” - Isabelle M. “I really enjoyed this park. My husband didn't care for it but I think it's really amazing what is still here. He thinks it's all recreation and I can't say if it is or not but I know the current Pecos people don't see it that way. It's pretty awesome that it's free to visit and the visitors center has a little museum that's also free! The trail starts near the restrooms. We accidentally started it from the end. But who cares. We saw everything and I recommend checking it out. Native people history is really cool.” - Lydia G. Exploring Wildlife At The Pecos National Historical Park https://www.instagram.com/p/CA-hAl8nrUW/ This historical national park is a hub of wildlife with a 6,500-acre expansion of forests, rivers, grasslands, and streams. The table below enlists the species that call the Pecos National Historical Park their home.  MammalsElk of Northern New MexicoColorado Chipmunk DeerRock SquirrelBirds*Steller’s JayMountain BluebirdBald EagleFish and AmphibiansRio Grande ChubLongnose DaceRainbow TroutBrown TroutNew Mexico Spadefoot ToadWoodhouse ToadTiger SalamanderPlains Leopard FrogReptilesShort-horned LizardNew Mexico Whiptail LizardBull SnakesGarter SnakesPrairie Rattlesnakes You will find the Prairie rattlesnakes along the trails. So, please exercise caution and inform the ranger if you come across one on your way.  A Quick Glance At Some Important Information About Pecos National Historical Park You must quickly look at the important information available about Pecos National Historical Park before you set in. Location: San Miguel County, New Mexico Established: 28th June, 1965 Area: 27 km² Highest Landscape: Truchas Peak, 3990 Meter Visitor Center: Pecos National Historical Park Visitor Center How to Reach: Via State Road 63  Entry Fee: Free Best Time to Visit: Autumn (Early September to Mid October) Also read Why Include Whale Watching In Your LA Itinerary. From Cocktails To Kickflips: Must-Try Activities In San Diego. Kootenay National Park Or The Land Of Ice And Fire (Experiencing Nature’s Game Of Contrasts)

BY  sagnika May 10, 2023

Avelo Airlines is a super low-cost U.S carrier that is headquartered in Houston, Texas. It was previously used to charter flights as Xtra Airways and Casino Express Airlines. It rebranded as Avelo Airlines on the 8th of April in the year 2021. The airline's first scheduled flight was under the name of Avelo on the 28th of April in the year 2021. Keep reading till the end to find out more information on Avelo Airlines reviews! Avelo Flight Amenities Image Source: johnnyjet.com Avelo focuses on getting its passengers from point A to point B. The in-flight amenities that they provide are the bare minimum. They do not provide WiFi or even any video streaming capabilities. Avelo needs to provide official information on its website about any drinks and food. It depends on the flight - but one may or may not get a complimentary bottles of water and snack. For most of their flights, there aren't any drink or food options available - even for purchasing. Tip: Is Avelo Airlines safe? Well, this low cost airline is as safe as they can get. One other such safe airline is Norse Atlantic Airways. Avelo Seat Specifications Image Source: thepointsguy.global.ssl.fastly.net With the Boeing 737 fleet, one can surely expect a standard form of experience no matter in which Avelo route a person is flying. For packing as many seats as possible, one can expect minimal legroom space, and very narrow seats onboard. It is also worth mentioning, roughly a third of the cabin is known to boast extra seats for legroom. According to Avelo airlines reviews, their Standard Economy has a 29-inch pitch and a 17-inch width. They also provide extra legroom which is about 31 to 37 inches. Their Boeing 737-700 has a hundred and forty-seven seats. While their larger air vessel (737-800) has 189 seats. Avelo Fees Image Source: thepointsguy.global.ssl.fastly.net All of the travelers who opt for Avelo Airlines are entitled to one free personal item, such as a small backpack or a purse. They must fit under a traveler's seat. You need to remember that the personal item you will bring falls under the 35 x 22 x 24 cm specifications. Additionally, travelers can bring up to a single carry-on for forty to fifty dollars. It is also a cheap way to pay for a carry-on while the person is still in the process of booking. Avelo airlines reviews state that: If you would like to bring a larger bag, it would cost the same Avelo baggage fees as a carry-on bag. The checked bag must at least weigh under fifty pounds and should not be over sixty-two inches - in its combined height, width, and length - including the wheels and handles. Any other checked bags over this weight and size are applicable for an additional fees. An overweight bag can cost fifty dollars. If it is an oversized bag, it will also cost fifty dollars. Hence, if the load is both overweight and oversized, it will cost hundred dollars in total. Other Fees Some of the other forms of fees that Avelo Airline charges are: Reservation Center Booking Their airline allows one to book flights or even modify the booking through their official application. It is also to be noted that any form of changes or cancellations is subject to a non-refundable $20 processing fee. Seat Assignment Image Source: thepointsguy.global.ssl.fastly.net This fee starts at eleven dollars, which allows the traveler to select their seat preference or have one seat assigned for them to check-in. If you need a window/aisle seat, or do not want to get separated from your friends and family, you could try paying for these modification fees. Keep reading just a bit more to read about avelo airlines review! Read More: Myenvoyair Review – Registration, Login And Benefits Modification Fees Image Source: thepointsguy.global.ssl.fastly.net In spite of being a super low-cost carrier, Avelo is known to offer a very generous policy. That is, if someone needs to modify their flight. It can be done for free until 15 minutes before the scheduled departure time. For that, they have to call Avelo’s Customer Support Center for modifying their booking. Then they’ll be charged a $20 fee per traveler. They are also eligible for receiving a full refund to the original payment method if they end up canceling their flight within 24 hours of booking. Avelo Airlines Reviews Here are a few avelo air reviews left by people who used their services: I had my doubts after seeing bad reviews, but both flights were seamless. They left on time and arrived early, even though it was spring break. The smaller airport at Wilmington was easier and quicker to navigate. – S Lane My experience with Avelo Airlines was one my family and I would never forget. We had a great time flying from Orlando to new haven. But coming back to Orlando my family and I were surprised when the flight attendant recognized my daughter for her upcoming birthday on November 28th. She had the passengers flicker their lights to congratulate her which was very special as this was our first time flying in years. I was one happy mama and proud as well. – Terrica Lewis Flew on Tuesday before Thanksgiving. No problems at all. I have to admit I do not like that we not even offered a drink. So you need to make sure that you carry on a beverage of your choice and any snacks as there is nothing on the plane. The plane was not full so the stewardess offered people to move to another seat so they could stretch out. It was very expensive but I assume that it was because of Holiday travel. I would fly again, as very pleased with this airline – C Crum No complaints. Super cheap. Direct flight. No delays. As you should expect, ones to pay for checked bags. Absolutely going to fly them again. Old plane, but Newport News airport is easy, and everyone was nice. – Lynn Stravino Editor's Two Cents My most memorable flight was the one I took on an Avelo. Raleigh to New Haven, CT last summer. When I boarded the aircraft, I discovered that it was one of our flight attendants' first flights following training. It was a neat moment when everyone clapped after the announcement. Our captain is Captain Taco, the lead flight attendant may have mentioned during the welcome announcement. A few of us exchanged the "Did I just hear that?" look, so I wasn't the only one who heard that. Immediately following takeoff, as soon as we leveled off, a man two rows in front of me experienced a medical issue and passed out. The woman two rows ahead of him had to be a doctor because she sprang to her feet, put him down, and put on an oxygen mask. We were able to safely arrive in Raleigh after he eventually turned around a few seconds later and the flight crew moved the rows around him to make room. The woman in front of me asked the pilot if he truly was Captain Taco, to which he replied "No," before the man was taken off by EMTs and we were permitted to disembark. Then she inquired as to his true name. His reply? "A complete mystery." 10 out of 10. would take off once more. At first, I was very cautious. When I discovered that the $69 price excluded the required seat selection, they gave me major Spirit Airline vibes. I therefore had the worst expectations possible in the days before my trip. Fortunately, the entire journey from Palm Beach to Connecticut was extremely enjoyable. A few things to note: it was a little unsettling that no staff members appeared at the gate until roughly 30 minutes before boarding. However, the personnel was really kind and pleasant. Although they had overhead covering, the plane was being boarded outside. The cost of a seat is determined by how comfortable it is; more legroom, window or aisle seating, and overall location on the aircraft will cost you more. There is no infotainment of any kind on this very basic aircraft. They did, however, provide a small bottle of water and some shortbread cookies as snacks. It was the same process to disembark as it was to board: descend the stairs, pass beneath a makeshift canopy, and enter the airport. Nothing fancy at all, but it was still a fun experience. My total round-trip airfare came to $72.74 (tax included), plus $31 for the seat ($16 & $15), a $15 promotional fee, and $65.26 in additional fees. Thus, the $69 round-trip ticket that was advertised came to $154. Every other airline I researched was *promoted* at $290+. The round-trip cost would increase by $84 if I chose to upgrade to a more expensive non-emergency row seat. A few other things to consider are how small the airplanes are. Thus, stay away from Avelo Air if small aircraft frighten you. Bring portable batteries for your devices because there is no power in the seats. Would I Take an Avelo Again? Yes, I would. Given the competitive pricing, I might even think about purchasing one of the more expensive seats. To Wrap It Up! After reading all of the Avelo Airlines reviews it is clear that they are best in service. If you are contemplating on whether or not to choose their service then by all means go ahead with them! That was all for information regarding Avelo Airlines. Thank you for reading up till here. I hope you found the information useful. Let me know in the comments your thoughts on the same. Read Also: Everything About Breeze Airways: Breeze Airways Reviews, Features, And More! Hopper Flights Review- Login, Services, And Travel Experiences Aainflight Review- Login, Services And Travel Experiences

BY  Sibashree Sep 30, 2024

High in the mountains, Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming harbors a great ecosystem for wildlife viewing. It is just south of Yellowstone, another great destination for exploring diverse wildlife.  Further, as you indulge in the exotic beauty of the Teton Mountain Range and the Snake River, you will meet bison, bears, mountain lions, red squirrels, and even wolves. It is also home to the most colorful western tanager, bald eagles, and many other adorable birds. Are you charmed by the stealthy nature of reptiles and vipers? You can find garter snakes and rubber boa snakes here.  Fascinating! Isn’t it? Let me share a complete overview of wildlife at Grand Teton National Park. Don’t Miss Your “Spot” To Watch The Grand Teton National Park Animals You may not be a fan of Sheldon Cooper (from Big Bang Theory) and his obsession with his favorite spot. At Grand Teton National Park, you must know about the right spots for wildlife viewing.  Here, I have curated the best spots within the park where you can meet wildlife without causing any disturbance in the space wild creatures demand.  Oxbow Bend Oxbow Bend is one of the most beautiful vistas of the Grand Teton National Park. You often see a grizzly mother bear (grizzly No. 399) taking a stroll with her cubs. Further, the wetlands are mooses.  Oxbow Bend also attracts thousands of colorful birds and reptiles who graze around or visit to drink water here.  Moose Wilson Road The Moose Wilson Road stretches between the Craig Thomas Discovery & Visitor Center and the entrance of Granite Canyon Park.  It is hard to resist taking adorable snaps of bears indulging in berries here. You will also find moose in the wetlands.  National Elk Refuge Spanning 25,000 acres, the National Elk Refuge has 7,000 elk. The best time to visit the National Elk Refuge is between mid-December and early April. Take a horse-driven sleigh ride to meet Elks from a close distance.  The National Elk Refuge also has bison, mountain lions, bald eagles, and bears. Moreover, if you are lucky enough, you can meet wolves here.  Kelly Loop and Antelope Flats Kelly Loop and Antelope Flats are like a hidden gem in Grand Teton National Park. Look at the sagebrush to find a pronghorn or bison passing by.  Grand Teton National Park Animals (Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Unusual Ones And More) Grand Teton National Park is a perfect coexistence of various species and a wonderful depiction of dependence in the food chain. Let’s find out who has made a home in this beautiful wilderness. Mammals At Grand Teton National Park As you explore the Grand Teton National Park, a small or big mammal will always be around you. Grizzly and black bears are the most prominent animals in the park, and you will also meet bison, moose, bighorn sheep, or elks.  Also, this park has wolves, wolverines, and mountain lions.  Small mammals in the park include red squirrels, chipmunks, Uinta ground squirrels, and long-tailed weasels.  Further, yellow-bellied marmots and squirrels will be your companion as you hike through the trails in the park.  Are you looking for mammals in the water? You will find the adorable muskrats, river otters, and beavers swimming around.  Do you know that moose is the largest antlered animal in the world? A moose can store 100 pounds of food in their stomach.A male moose can weigh as much as 1400 pounds.  Birds At Grand Teton National Park https://www.instagram.com/p/CgNiUMRMfpW/ The vibrant feathers of the western tanagers here are a treat to the eyes. Further, you will meet the calliope hummingbird, trumpeter swans, bald eagles, ospreys, and sage grouse in the park.  Do you know that Grand Teton National Park is the home to The calliope hummingbird? It is the smallest bird in North America and weighs even less than 1/10th ounce. Also, the largest waterfowl in North America, The trumpeter swan, lives here near spots like Swan Lake, Oxbow Bend, National Elk Refuge, and Flat Creek.  Do you want to watch birds romancing with their mates? Find out trumpeter swans moving in pair with their mate for life and sage grouses displaying their courtship in the sagebrush.  Reptiles At Grand Teton National Park https://www.instagram.com/p/CDlzaa-oYU5/ This nation is home to snakes such as rubber boa, valley garter snake, and wandering garter snake. These reptiles are found near the waterbodies in the park. You will also find the northern sagebrush lizard here. It is the only lizard species living in the park.  Amphibians At Grand Teton National Park  Despite a high elevation, cold temperature, and a dry climate, this national park has five species of amphibians. These are: Columbia spotted frogs Western tiger salamanders Western toads Bullfrogs Boreal chorus frogs Northern leopard frogs were found earlier in this area but have become extinct. If you want to spot these amphibians, you must visit Taggart Lake or String Lake.  Native Fish At Grand Teton National Park https://www.instagram.com/p/CgnT_ImrdGZ/?img_index=1 The native and non-native fish at Grand Teton National Park are vivid. Some (for example, mountain suckers) survive on mountain algae, while others (for example, cutthroat trouts) eat small fish and insects. For many animals and birds, like bald eagles, fish is the primary food source in the park. Further, fish is a secondary food source for the local inhabitants. In addition, by eating insects and algae, a fish keeps the spread of these elements in check.  Native Fish At Grand Teton National ParkUtah suckerFine spotted cutthroat trout of Snake RiverMountain suckerSpeckled daceUtah chubBluehead suckerNon-Native Fish At Grand Teton National ParkRainbow troutBrown troutLake troutGuppiesGoldfishGreen swordtail You will also find many aquarium species at Grand Teton National Park.  Species At Risk At Grand Teton National Park Grand Teton National Park is home to many species at risk and species of concern. Further, it has whitebark pine trees, which are up for listing.  Whitebark Pine Trees: Up For Listing  The invasive disease of blister rust and mountain pine beetles greatly harms these trees.  Alarmingly, an NPS Survey (2018) says that 57% of the trees were affected by blister rust, while the beetles harmed 30%. In addition, 40% of the total vegetation died.  Only 15% of the trees were able to produce cones. The pine nuts and seeds are an important food source for grizzly bears, squirrels, nutcrackers, black bears, and other animals in the area. Further, these trees play a crucial role in trapping and retaining snow, as well as in preventing the melting of snow. Thus, they prevent the erosion of steep slopes in the park. Do you know that grizzly bears eat whitebark pine nuts during hyperphagia? Hyperphagia refers to overeating before going into hibernation. These nuts are rich in protein and fat.  Species Of Concern After a magical recovery, Grand Teton National Park’s bald eagles are no longer endangered. However, these birds still fall into the category of the species of concern. Other species of concern in the national park are greater sage grouse and grey wolves. You will find the bald eagles near the Gros Ventre and Snake Rivers. They love eating fish and sometimes prey on carrion, waterfowl, and other small mammals. Greater sage grouse here are known for the most poetic display of their mating in the spring season every year. You will find them in spaces in the sagebrush.  Species At Risk  As a part of the Greater Yellow Ecosystem, Grand Teton National Park is home to around 800 grizzly bears. It has made a recovery from the list of endangered species after a long conservation endeavor and is now a species at threat or risk. Other species at risk at this national park are: Canada lynx Yellow-billed Cuckoo Western glacier stonefly The park gets filled with the knocking call of the yellow-billed cuckoo in the spring.  Small Creatures At Grand Teton National Park Insects play a very crucial role in the food chain system. They help pollinate flowers, function as nutrient recyclers, and feed many animals. So, when you see a violet lupine in Grand Teton National Park, you must know bees are around.  Along with bees,  Grand Teton National Park also has small and mighty ones, such as the Army Cutworm Moth (the food of grizzly bears during the fall season), Bark Beetles, carrion beetles, etc. Beetles are very important for the ecosystem of Grand Teton National Park. They break down woody plants and help return the nutrients to the soil. Further, carrion beetles recycle the minerals found in the corpse of an animal. Thus, these insects help with the decomposition and recycling of essential nutrients.  Over three million people visit Grand Teton National Park every year. Along with wildlife viewing, you can enjoy hiking, biking, fishing, climbing and mountaineering, and backcountry camping here. So, gear up for the best experience in the wilderness.  Also read Top 10 Most Popular Paraguay Food That You Must Try. Top 13 Famous Wonders Of India That You Must Visit! 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