Wander to Beautiful Locales on the Best Caribbean Cruises! 

BY  Sibashree Sep 11, 2024

Kobuk Valley National Park is surreal! Have you ever thought to meet sand dunes in the Arctic Circle? The unique geology of the park makes it possible. That’s not all! The Great Kobuk sand dunes stand here, along with the remains of the North American continental glaciers.  Three of the sand dunes in this national park are active or alive. The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, Hunt River Dunes, and Little Kobuk Sand Dunes here cover a mesmerizing 20,000 acres of area in the park.   Today, hiking through these dunes is one of the most popular activities in the Kobuk Valley National Park.   While it is visually unusual or unexpected to see sand dunes in an Arctic National Park, you also need to understand that the Arctic region gets very little rainfall every year. So, this is also a desert region.   “Sand dunes in the Arctic landscape are not what you would expect. Since most people associate sand dunes with a hot desert environment, it is a visually unusual thing to see. In fact, what most people don't realize is that the Arctic is also a desert with very low levels of rainfall.”   - Christian, a Kobuk Valley National Park Worker  Having said that, how the sand dunes came to be here, and the experience of exploring them will be a great thing to discuss in this article.   This Is How The Kobuk Valley National Park Became The Land Of Sand Dunes   https://www.instagram.com/p/BWatGdVFuis/ Much of Alaska, including the Kobuk Valley National Park, falls in the Tundra region. Tundra, the coldest of the biomes, gets only around 150 to 250 mm of rainfall and snowfall yearly1. So, the national park has less rainfall than some of the most well-known deserts in the world.   Further, the sand dunes in the Kobuk Valley are as old as the Ice Age. Now, as the mighty glaciers moved forward and made a retreat, the rocks beneath got ground. Now, the blowing wind transported the sand into the empty and ice-free Kobuk Valley. The sand dunes in the park are up to 150 feet high, and they are the biggest, high-altitude, and most importantly, “active sand fields”  in the earth.   In The Land Of The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes  https://www.instagram.com/p/BgmZYDdAA_r/ Are you in the Sahara? No, you are around 35 miles above the Arctic Circle and still find the largest active sand dune field in the world. Today, it is a popular backpacking, hiking, and camping destination in the National Park. You must attend the Northwest Arctic Heritage Center to learn more about the outdoor pursuits in the land of sand dunes.  Let’s quickly look at why the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes is a preferred destination for camping, hiking, and backpacking.  The sand is steady enough for the landing of an aircraft with wheels.  You can put up your tent on any level surface.  Also, you can hike in any direction.  Further, you can board a float plane and reach the Kobuk River. From there, you can take a backpacking tour for around two miles and reach the dunes.  You must visit the Kotzebue Visitor Center if you have plans to take this backpacking journey to and from the Kobuk River.   There is no marked route for hiking.  In summer, the temperature in the sand dunes can reach up to 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Also, fall is the season to see caribou migration here.   However, there’s more to it! Let’s learn about the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes as relics of the Ice Age and how life thrived here.   Great Kobuk Sand Dunes: The Relics Of The Ice Age   https://www.instagram.com/p/BYwfdMYlr-0/ To know about the formation of the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, we must go back to the Ice Age. Around 28000 years ago, glaciers in the mountains formed. I have already discussed how the glaciers ground the rocks and wind deposited them in the Kobuk Valley.   Further, approximately 14000 years ago, the glaciers made a massive retreat. As a result, there were 200,000 acres of sandy land formation on the river banks. Complex holocene activities and geomorphic preservations keep the sand dune field at the Kobuk Valley National Park active or alive. Along with the Kobuk Valley, small lakes in the park have also accumulated sand over thousands of years.   However, most of the landscape today is occupied by the vegetation of the national park, and the sand dune area consists of only 20,000 acres. The vegetation found here consists of the following varieties.  Wild rye  Grasses  Sedges  Kobuk locoweed  Wildflowers blooming occasionally  These species grow on the shifting sand, and they function as stabilizing agents. You can see shrubs, lichens, mosses, and algae following this vegetation. Finally, there are spruce, birch, and aspen trees covering the landscape.    The slopes of the Kobuk Valley sand dunes are the only place where Kobuk locoweeds grow. These plants belong to the pea family, and they are known for their purple flowers. If you want to see these flowers, you must visit the park in late June and July.   The inland dune field of Kobuk Valley National Park is surrounded by boreal forest.   Humans And Wildlife In The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes  https://www.instagram.com/p/Cv0EhpdLsJ5/ It’s amazing to see the Western Arctic Caribou walking through the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes. Fall and spring are the migration seasons for these animals. The north of Brook Range is the caribou herd’s calving ground, and they migrate to and from this place.   As the caribou herds pass through the sand dunes, their footprints remain in the ground for the longest time. According to National Park Service data, around 250,000 caribou pass through this national park annually.   No wonder that the Kobuk Valley National Park is one of the “last great migrations” remaining in the world. The table below gives you a brief idea about the animals and birds in the sand dunes.  Birds Sharp-shinned Hawk Golden Eagle Bald Eagle American Wigeon Northern Pintail Rough-legged Hawk Marsh Hawk Mammals Caribou Wolverine Muskox Snowshoe Hare Moose Gray Wolf Grizzly Bear Beaver Arctic Fox American Pine Marten Amphibians Wood Frog Fish Longnose Sucker Salmon* Northern Pike Alaska Blackfish Alaska Whitefish Humpback Whitefish Alaskan Stickleback Ninespine Stickleback  Human history in the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes is at least 8000 years old. They lived by the Kobuk River and were mainly focused on fishing, hunting, and trapping for survival. It is fascinating to visit the thousand-year-old hunting camps on the edges of the sand dunes.  The golden and shifting Great Kobuk Sand Dunes are located a few miles away from the Kobuk River. Further, the sand dunes soar up to 100 miles in the air.   Kobuk Valley National Park Is Also The Land Of Iñupiaq Subsistence  https://www.instagram.com/p/BWdjyOBl_Lw/ Human life, which started in the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes 8000 years ago, is still thriving with the mantra of subsistence. The Iñupiaq people here use the available natural resources to fulfil their physical needs and safeguard their spiritual and cultural requirements.   For example, they depend on caribou and salmon to feed themselves and their dogs. At the same time, caribou skin hide is extensively used to make parka jackets to combat Arctic winter. They also make mukluks or boots using reindeer skin to walk through the snow.   Further, the local people made baskets using birch and willow. Moreover, in darkness, caribou tallow or seal oil were the only ingredients to light up their stone lamps.   Irrespective of the trade with the coastal communities, the “customary, traditional and non-commercial” use of natural resources is still important in the park.   Iñupiat Ilitqusiat And Respecting The Ecosystem   https://www.instagram.com/p/CzjboNfsc4Y/ Aboriginal people in the Kobuk Valley National Park are committed to passing on their values from generation to generation. The Iñupiat Ilitqusiat value asks them to transfer the knowledge and skill of hunting and everything about life.  In addition, this transfer of knowledge helps to make the most of various seasons and subsistence opportunities. For example, the caribou season comes to this park after the salmon season.   Earlier, Noatak Valley was the destination for these people during the caribou season, and even today, some families move to Noatak Valley. Again, summer camping around the Kobuk River is common for fishing, especially catching salmon and whitefish.   Summer is also the season for harvesting berries and wild greens for the local people.  If you want to learn about the local people and their values, you must be respectful and understand their seasonal activities as a part of their subsistence practices.   Overall, the Kobuk Valley National Park is not just a place to see sand dunes and wildlife. It is a tapestry of human lives depending on nature.   Things To Know Before You Visit The Kobuk Valley National Park   For me, the sand dunes and Iñupiaq subsistence practices are the most fascinating things in the Kobuk Valley National Park. However, keep the following information handy if you are to pay a visit anytime soon.   Mode of Transport: Authorized air taxis from Kotzebue or Bettles  Visitor Center: Northwest Arctic Heritage Center  Entrance Fee: Free  Permits Required:  Commercial Use Authorization or CUA for commercial activities, Research Permits, Filming and Photography Permits  Activities to Do: Boating, fishing, camping and backpacking, hiking, flight-seeing and exploring nearby attractions  Best Time to Visit: June to July   Area: 1,750,000 Acres  Established: 2nd December, 1980  Number of Visitors: 17,616 (2023) (National Park Service Data)  Snowfall, downpours, and extreme weather conditions can occur in any season of the year. So, follow the instructions shared at the visitor center and keep your gear ready for survival!  

BY  Abdul Aziz Dec 1, 2023

For those who want to get away from city life, Scarborough's top attractions provide an amazing holiday experience. One of the most well-known coastal resort towns in England, it embodies the traditional historical charm. It is dotted with arcades, fish and chips, and waterfront parks. The essence of Scarborough is some of the nation's nicest beaches at the base of sheer cliffs. This seaside town in Yorkshire has the atmosphere of being stuck in the Victorian era. Perched atop the cliffs, the Grand Hotel commands attention from all directions. The Scarborough Spa continues to draw national visitors. The town's architecture is characterized by a lot of flamboyant buildings with a hospitable old-world charm. In this article, we will enumerate all the things to do in Scarborough you cannot miss. Things To Do In Scarborough Even with its historical vibe, Scarborough is still a lively and welcoming spot to spend a summer in England. South Bay Beach Scarborough's South Bay Beach is well-known for its soft sand, amusement arcades, donkey rides, and the Grand Hotel perched atop cliffs. Like a vacationer from the Victorian era, you can still take the historic cliff lifts from the hotel down to the beach. Though the North Sea is far less inviting, South Beach can be just as busy and enjoyable on a sunny summer's day as any beach in the Mediterranean. While it's usually acceptable to dangle your toes in, very few people go deeper than knee depth. North Bay Beach, located on the opposite side of the headland, has earned a Blue Flag designation for hygiene. Though it has fewer nearby attractions than South Bay Beach, it is usually busier on nice days. Rotunda Museum The exhibit at the Rotunda Museum covers the region's incredibly old history. The collection's highlights include a Bronze Age coffin, Stone Age tools, and dinosaur fossils. These intriguing objects are arranged in an equally intriguing and historic structure. One of the first purpose-built museums in history, the ancient circular structure with its trick-eye ceiling is just as fascinating to look at as the artifacts. The Scarborough Art Gallery, the famous Grand Hotel, the historic Spa Bridge that spans a valley with beautiful parkland, and the Rotunda Museum's distinctive exterior are all nearby. It's a major center of culture. Scarborough Market Hall & Vaults Renovated historically, the Scarborough Market Hall & Vaults houses a contemporary market with a nod to the past. There is local produce available in the main hall. It also has stalls offering handcrafted jewelry, presents, clothing, and artwork, among other items. Under the hall, in The Vaults, are more shops with a focus on antiques and handmade goods. In addition to being a place for shopping, Scarborough's market and hall also double as a cultural hub, hosting a calendar of special events. Additionally, there's a great food court with a view of the hallway. Scarborough Harbor Scarborough's historic harbor has long served as the city's center. It should come as no surprise that the harbor is home to several top-notch seafood restaurants, given that the fishermen still bring in their fresh catches on a daily basis. The classic fish and chips, which can be found at excellent establishments like Winking Willy's, First Catch, and Harbour View Café, is, of course, the dish of choice. As the name implies, Harbour View provides beautiful views of the old lighthouse across the protected moorings. You can help yourself to a traditional portion of English fish and chips wrapped in paper and savor it with a wooden fork. It is an English version of a takeout. A generous amount of vinegar gives the dish a unique tang and softens the crispy batter surrounding the flaky cod or haddock. Scarborough’s Old Town Not only do the winding old streets behind the harbor and South Bay Beach have a lovely, old-world charm, but they also have a fantastic assortment of stores and cafés. A few major high street names, such as Marks and Spencer and New Look, are present, but the bulk of the stores are tiny local businesses that sell some unusual and interesting goods. The selection of confectionery stores in Scarborough is particularly good. Seaside sticks of rock are boiled sugar candies is an English classic. There are plenty of other sweet options for you to choose from Additionally, there are a good number of casinos and amusement arcades. Stephen Joseph Theatre Scarborough boasts an active theater scene with a number of excellent locations scattered throughout the small town. The Stephen Joseph Theatre is one of the greatest. It's conveniently located next to the Scarborough Spa. They feature a combination of contemporary and classic shows, and the performances are excellent, even though it's unlikely that you'll see many well-known actors on stage. You won't have any trouble seeing or hearing the plays because of how small the theater itself is. There are several eateries close to the contemporary location, along with a decent bar and a small art gallery on the premises. When there isn't live action, the theater frequently screens old films and occasionally streams significant international events. Peasholm Park Peasholm Park offers both peaceful reflection and moments of excitement. During the summer (June to August), every Saturday at 3 p.m., model warships battle on the large lake near the beach, with the addition of aircraft and explosions to the action. You can rent a boat and go rowing around the large central island. It has a distinctive Japanese pagoda in the center when the miniature navies aren't in action. To explore the stunning hidden garden located at the other end of the park, stroll among the trees beside Peasholm Beck if you'd rather stay on dry land. Along the route, there are some exotic tree species like Chusan palms and American red oaks. Scarborough Spa Its distinctive history and location are what make this specific live music and events venue intriguing and worthwhile to visit. Constructed during the Victorian era, the spa is situated on the cliffs with a stunning view of South Bay Beach. Despite its historical appearance, it is equipped with contemporary amenities. One of the few seaside orchestras that still performs in the Spa plays lively classical music and classic oom-pah tunes under the sea breeze. It is a tradition they have brought down just like they did in the heyday of the town. It is a very memorable performance because of the setting, which can be either the Grand Hall or the suncourt. Since they only perform in the summer, make sure to schedule your travel and hotel well in advance. Wrapping Up The North Sea laps the picturesque, horseshoe-shaped bay at the heart of Scarborough. It is a seaside town, ruled over by a castle dating back to the 12th century. Over four centuries of sandy beaches, surfing, and hearty Yorkshire fare have made Scarborough a family favorite. If you have thoughts to share or questions to ask about things to do in Scarborough, please leave a comment below. We would love to hear from you! Read Also: Things To Do In Leeds: Dive Into The Dynamic Heart Of Yorkshire Hidden Gems: Unearthing The Best Things To Do In Nottingham

BY  Mashum Jul 26, 2021

There is a famous quote about the national parks in North America, “National parks are the best idea we ever had. Absolutely American, absolutely democratic, they reflect us at our best rather than our worst.” - Wallace Stegner.  There are about 423 national parks scattered across Alabama for visiting and some. Nonetheless, there exist some National parks in Alabama Camping. The National Park Service (NPS) of the country maintains and curates these areas. The key aim of these national parks is to bring the demonstrated tragic and victorious history of the state to its visitors.  Alabama is a perfect place for spending a few days of your vacation. I hope you are here because you are looking for some suggestions for the famous national parks in Alabama. Well, you are at the right place because today we will discuss the historical parks in Alabama suitable for sightseeing.  The Best National parks In Alabama Generally speaking, the national parks in America are a combination of history and environmental beauty. No more waiting because the list of top national parks in Alabama is here. Brace yourself to explore some incredibly thrilling places in your upcoming holidays: 1. Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site National Park Service (NPS) has designated this institute as a national historic site known as a historic national park. With a variety of fauna, it is the first university campus to receive honor from the government.  The park is located on the University campus itself, which makes the destination accessible to all. It also has a museum covering George Washington Carver’s rare photos and unique life details. The burial ground is the best place to spend some alone and silent quality time. The site is open from 9 am to 4:30 pm daily for visitors.  2. Freedom Riders National Monument This monument symbolizes the protests of freedom riders whose one bus was firebombed by KKK members. You will sense a feeling of courage and confidence by going through the historical facts of them below the monument. The park offers a drive-only tour to many historical points to remind you of the tragic event at Greyhound Bus Terminal. Additionally, the Anniston Memorial Hospital that holds the remembrance of the burnt bus is also noteworthy.  3. Selma To Montgomery National Historic Trail It is one of the most popular national parks in Alabama; however, it also carries significant historical events. The event also made the public furious. The route of the marchers in the site is a national historic trail now providing a sneak peek at American History.  The place will cherish you with the march of 600 people across 54-mile roadways to Montgomery. The Future Georgia congressman John Lewis led this procession on 7th March 1965.  What’s more?- you will find rich insights while visiting the three interpretive centers along this route. Please note that the journey would begin at the Selma Interpretive Center if you plan to visit this place. It is at the foot of the bridge on Broad Street.  These centers open at 9 a.m., whereas they close at 4:30 p.m. 4. Trail Of Tears National Historic Trail There are special touches of history in the majority of the national parks in Alabama and this one is also not an exception. One native name of this place in the chronicle of America is “The Journey of Injustice.” The site will make you remember the struggling lives of Native Americans who relocated to Oklahoma from their homes in Alabama. The forceful removal between 1830 to 1840 from their native land makes their journey route “The Trail of Tears.” The National Park Service (NPS) has scheduled stops in multiple packers along this route as a part of the driving tip. It includes Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Tennessee.  You can visualize the events of this historical movement at different stops in Alabama itself. Some of the most famous ones are Willstown Mission Cemetery, Waterloo Landing, and  Fort Payne Cabin Site.  5. Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site honors the legendary military of the first Afro-American fighter pilots of America. Two aircraft hangars lounge on the site. Once you reach the place to visit these hangers, you will observe a wide range of engaging exhibits.  In addition to that, several areas of the park present documentaries of the pilots’ daily livelihood, training, and hassles during the war. All these have made it become one of the ‘best national parks in Alabama.’ The perfect time to visit the place is before Memorial Day for Tuskegee Sairmen Fly-in.  Furthermore,  both the museums in hangar one and hangar 2 remain open Monday to Sunday from 9 a.m to 4:30 p.m. 6. Horseshoe Bend National Military Park It has been consistently ranked in the list of the best national parks in Alabama. Precisely, you will get awestruck once you stand in front of the entrance of the park. It is one of the favorite holiday spots for travel freaks owing to its stunning environment and deep serenity.  But beyond these, the site had experienced a ruthless and blood-shedding war about 100 years ago. The horseshoe bend of the Tallapoosa River was the accurate pinpoint of the battle. The oppression of Native American Tribes weaves the stories of this place. The visitor center is the starting mark of your tour. You can also enjoy a film of 15 minutes demonstrating the concept of battle. The park is open to visitors from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily.  The Final Thoughts  After reading this guide, is not your mind asking you to book a ticket and set out for Alabama? The national parks in Alabama mentioned above are significant pieces of remarkable and revolutionary history.  We hope that the list of national parks in Alabama will be of immense help while visiting here. As we have covered the key takeaways of each site along with opening and closing time, you should not face any more difficulties in planning a tour.  Moreover, if you have any opinions to share with us, feel free to comment in the comment box below. Lastly, keep supporting us in getting more travel guides on mesmerizing places across the globe. More Resources Alabama Travel Guide Canary Wharf: A Mini-Guide For Your Next Visit A Guide To National Parks In Oklahoma – Latest Guide