Unforgettable Tours: From Los Angeles to San Francisco

BY  Sibashree Jan 13, 2026

Along with the cultural richness of Tucumán, what hooked me was the community bonding and development. For the longest time, grape growing has been a part of local life. Now, in 2016, the Bodega Los Amaichas built the Amaicha del Valle community to take the local tradition and use it for the benefit of local people. It is the first indigenous community-owned winery in South America. Furthermore, Mendoza may get all the spotlight as the home of world-class Malbecs. But for travelers like me, who want a more rugged and authentic experience, Tucuman is the ultimate destination in Northern Argentina. Also, the wine tour in Tucuman is almost like a time capsule. The viticulture here is defined by family legacies, indigenous roots, and vineyards that touch the clouds.  In this Tucumán wine tour guide, I will talk about why Tucumán is an alternative to Mendoza, the route, the top wineries, and the specialty of local wines. For more on this beautiful province in Northern Argentina, you can check out my Tucumán Argentina itinerary. Why Is Tucumán The "Untouched" Alternative To Mendoza?  The flat plains of Mendoza are ideal for massive production. However, the vineyards of Tucumán are in the narrow folds of the Calchaquí Valley. So, the experience in Tucumán is more like a boutique. Furthermore, there are very few crowds in Tucumán, and the terroir is not just about the soil. Here, people celebrate a 10,000-year-old connection to the land. As Visit Argentina says, “The dry climate, the wide temperature range, the gentle winds, and sunshine 350 days a year create the characteristics of Tucumán wine: intense colors, simple and spicy aromas, and ripe, sweet, and fruity flavors.”  The Concept: "Vinos De Altura"  Wine is a high-altitude sport in Tucumán. Grapes are grown under extreme conditions at an altitude of 2000 to 3000 meters. Also, the struggle is here with intense UV radiation and a dramatic jump in temperature between sun-scorched days and freezing nights. As a result, the grapes here have thicker skins to protect themselves. The thicker skin further leads to intense tannins and deeper colors. In addition, the aromatic profile here is more concentrated than in the lowlands. The Route: From Jungle To Vineyards (Route 307)  The drive to the wine country of Tucumán is one of the most spectacular road trips in South America. The journey from San Miguel to Amaicha del Valle starts in the subtropical and humid rainforest of the Yungas. Then, you will climb Route 307 to witness a radical transformation of the landscape. Your eyes will settle down with the lush ferns and moss-covered trees of the Quebrada de Los Sosa. Wait for 2 hours, and the Calchaquí Valley will appear with an arid landscape and cactus. Then, you will cross the Abra del Infiernillo at an elevation of 3000 meters before you descend to the Amaicha del Valle wineries. Visit Argentina promotes the "Ruta del Vino" as a cultural corridor, linking the wine not just to gastronomy, but to the Pachamama (Mother Earth) festivities in February.  Map Of The Ruta Del Vino Tucumán (Ruta 40 Connection)  Technically, Tafí del Valle is the beginning point of the Tucumán Wine Route. Then, it continues to the Amaicha del Valle and Colalao del Valle. Finally, there is a link with Ruta 40, and then it advances to the ruins of Quilmes and the border of Salta. What Are The Top Wineries To Visit In Tucumán?  The top wineries of Tucumán offer a diverse experience. While Bodega Comunitaria Los Amaichas offers an authentic local experience, Finca Albarossa is more about a boutique feel. 1. The Indigenous Icon: Bodega Comunitaria Los Amaichas  This is the only winery in Argentina and one of the few in the world that is owned and operated by an indigenous community.  This winery has a cactus wood and stone architecture. The Amaicha del Valle community governs it, and every custom here respects the Mother Earth or Pachamama. I have seen people offering wine to Mother Earth before drinking. Furthermore, the Sumak Kawsay Malbec, meaning the good living, is the best wine to taste here. It offers the most authentic wine experience. The wine gere is robust, unfiltered, and has a deep, earthy taste. 2. The Heritage Player: Bodega Chico Zossi  This winery is family-run and located in Colalao del Valle, and it has been operating since 1900. As you walk through Chico Zossi, you will feel like you are at a family home. The production level is small and artisanal. Furthermore, the wine-making technique here has been passed down through four generations of the Zossi family. 3. The Modern Estate: Las Arcas De Tolombón  Las Arcas De Tolombón is the most awarded winery in the province. It has a Siete Vacas or Seven Cows label. There is a local legend behind the name. It is about the seven cows that would appear in the desert in prosperous times. The wine you will get here is a standout. You will love the floral and crisp flavor of it, along with the sweet perfume. 4. The Boutique Stop: Finca Albarossa  Finca Albarossa exudes sheer Italian elegance with a touch of Andean ruggedness. It is a boutique winery and hotel. So, it is an excellent experience to enjoy a glass of Malbec while watching the sunrise. Thus, it completely justifies its name, Finca Albarossa, where Albarossa means the “Red Dawn.” Understanding Tucumán Wines: What To Drink?  Amanda Barnes of the South America Wine Guide often highlights that the Calchaquí Valley doesn't stop at the Salta border. She praises Tucumán for its "extreme terroir" and the preservation of the Criolla grape varieties.  Tucumán Wines are different with a diverse flavor. From the signature purple to white wines, here are the varieties you can try. 1. Torrontés  If you want the quintessential wine experience of the north, you can try Torrontés. I would rather call it the flagship white of the North. It stands out with a refreshing aroma of peach and jasmine. However, the palette of this wine is dry and refreshing. Tim Atkin, the British Master of Wines, regularly scores Northern Argentine wines highly, noting that the Torrontés from this region is the most aromatic white wine in the world.  Even if you are a red wine drinker, you must try the Torrontés here. It is the only grape variety native to Argentina, and the Tucumán expression is floral and unique.  2. High-Altitude Malbec  I was looking for an alternative to the jammy Mendoza Malbecs. The high-altitude malbec, standing on the opposite spectrum of the flavor profile, comes with a spicy and structured flavor. This wine comes from the grapes with Soun-toughened skins. So, these have a signature dark purple hue. 3. Vino Patero  Vino Patero is an experience. It has an intense, sweet, and fruity flavor. This boutique wine was made traditionally by pressing the grapes by foot. The “Patero” part in Vino Patero comes from " pata " or foot. This wine is artisanal, and it is unfiltered. Vino Patero is a frequently served beverage at the local festivals, and you will have it along with empanadas. Things To Remember For Planning Your Tucumán Wine Tour  Best Time to Visit • February/March - Harvest Season, and for the Vendimia Festivities• August - Pachamama Festival Mode of Transport• Rental Car  Vendimia festivities are a celebration of the grape harvest. The Pachamama Festival, on the other hand, is a sacred week-long celebration to sink into the local culture. You will not get any Uber services here. Buses are available, but they do not take you to the remote areas. Where To Stay On The Wine Route In Tucumán?  Do you want to sleep in a vineyard? Estancia Río de Arena on Ruta 40 is the perfect place, exuding a rustic "hacienda" feel. Get out of our room, and within a minute, you will walk into the tasting room. If you need a budget option, look for Hospedajes in Amaicha del Valle. These locally run facilities are clean and authentic, and they will even guide you on which Vino Patero is the best in town. Expert Tips On The Best Tucumán Wine Tour Guide  The Sacred City of Quilmes is just 15 minutes away from the wineries. Also, the early mornings are the ideal time to explore the ruins. Do you want more such insights about exploring the wineries of Tucumán? Check out the following points. 1. Respect The Siesta Amaicha and Colalao del Valle turn into ghost towns between 1 PM and 5 PM. Most wineries shut their door during these hours. So, schedule your trip at 10 AM or after 5:30 PM. 2. Designated Driver Is Essential, And Check The Fuel Route 40 has narrow roads and even gravel. The route also often has goats/llamas and other stray animals. So, professional expertise and familiarity with local road conditions are important. Fill your tank in Tafí del Valle. There are long stretches on Route 40 without reliable gas stations between Amaicha and Cafayate. 3. Book "Los Amaichas" In Advance  The local people run "Los Amaichas. These people also work in the field. So, you must keep them informed about your arrival via WhatsApp so that a guide is available to open the cellar for you. 4. Cash Is King Smaller wineries rarely accept credit cards, and if you want to buy bottles from them, you will need to pay them in cash. Also, the ATMs in Amaicha often run out of cash. So, you have to bring a stack of Pesos from the city. 5. Try The Mistela  Along with the signature Tucuman wine, you can also try Mistela. It is a fortified wine with a very sweet taste. It is a cultural staple. So, you have to sip it slowly and savor its strong taste. 6. Get Enough Sun Protection The wineries are at a height of more than 2000 meters. So, the UV index is high, and within 10-15 minutes, you can get sunburned. So, wear a hat and sunscreen if you are doing the wine tasting outdoors. 7. Ask For The "Reserva"  In small boutique wineries like Chico Zossi, the "Reserva" bottles are often only $2-$3 more than the table wine but are aged significantly better.  Tucumán Wine Tour Guide: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)  Here are the frequently asked questions and answers about the Tucumán wine tour guide. 1. Can I Visit Wineries Without A Tour?  Yes, you can go on a self-drive tour on Route 40 and explore the wineries. However, you will have to book an appointment via WhatsApp. Booking is crucial as these wineries are small, family-run operations. 2. What Is The Best Winery For Lunch?  Bodega Río de Arena near the Quilmes Ruins is the best winery for lunch. It has a hotel and restaurant on-site. You can have excellent llama meat and empanadas there.  3. How Far Is The Wine Region From Tucumán City?  The wineries are around a 3.5 to 4-hour drive from the city.On the route from the city to the wineries, you have to cross a mountain range. So, it is not your usual day trip in Argentina. It is best to plan an overnight stay in Amaicha or Tafí del Valle.  4. Is It Safe To Drive Route 307?  Route 307 is a paved and scenic route. However, it is a mountain road and has many curves. Furthermore, the road is often misty. So, you must avoid driving at night. 5. Are The Wine Tours In English?  Yes, you can attend wine tours in English in larger wineries like Las Arcas de Tolombón.  However, if you want a tour of the smaller family wineries or the community wineries, the tours will be mostly in Spanish.  6. Can I Bring Kids For The Wine Tours In Tucuman?  Yes, you can bring kids for the wine tours in Tucuman. This is where the wineries of Tucuman are different from the wine estates in Mendoza.  The Tucumán wineries are more like farms, and they are very family-friendly. In fact, Río de Arena even has a petting zoo with llamas.  7. When Is The Harvest Season In Tucuman?  Late February to March is the harvest season in Tucuman. However, it is the busiest time in the Tucuman wineries. So, you will have to book the facilities in advance.On the other hand, August is the month of the sacred Pachamama Festival. 8. Why Is The Community Winery Famous?  Bodega Los Amaichas is the first winery in Argentina and the third winery in the world owned entirely by an indigenous community. The Bodega Los Amaichas tour reflects the Diaguita worldview of "Sumak Kawsay" (Good Living).  Read Also: The Best Places To See Northern Lights In The USA: When And Where To Watch Aurora Borealis Jaffna Travel Itinerary For 5 Days: What Are The Places To Visit And Local Transport What Are The Best Places To Visit In December In The USA? Vote For Your Favorite

BY  Sibashree Oct 28, 2024

The Shenandoah National Park has many wonders that you just cannot miss. So, you can witness the beauty of Bearfence Mountain and its waterfalls and explore its endless hiking trails.   As a rich wildlife hub, it is also home to white-tailed deer, black bears, red-tailed hawks, Carolina chickadees, and many more.   So, to cut a long story short, the Shenandoah National Park has everything for everyone. Moreover, it does not matter whether you are a birder or an avid trekker.   However, one thing is certain: you can only enjoy the park to the fullest if you are camping here or at least spending nights at the local lodges. Therefore, I am sharing a brief guide about the campsites and other accommodation options in the park.   Shenandoah National Park Camping   https://www.instagram.com/p/CvPj7WmAt6a/ Shenandoah National Park offers you the best chance to sleep under the stars with its five functional campgrounds.   Further, these campgrounds are open from early spring to late fall. Also, you can know about their availability with a simplified alert system.   So, do you want to plan your next camping expedition at Shenandoah National Park?  Loft Mountain Campground  https://www.instagram.com/p/Bykz80iADRN/ In the southern part of the Shenandoah National Park lies the Loft Mountain. Further, it is at the top of the  Big Flat Mountain. Also, it is a large camping zone with a total of 207 sites.   Further, you will get a beautiful view of the eastern and western sides from the Loft Mountain Campground. In addition, the waterfalls and the trails to the Big Run Wilderness allow you to explore the park fully. Moreover, the table below shows the amenities available (not available) at Loft Mountain Campground.  Amenities Available  Cell Phone Network No Internet Connectivity No Recycling/Trash Collection Yes, on a seasonal basis Camp Store Seasonal availability  Food Storage Lockers  Yes Ice for Sale Yes Staff on Site Available Seasonally  Amphitheater Available Seasonally  Firewood for Sale Firewood is available. However, you must strictly adhere to the park's fire and stove policy. * Laundry Available Seasonally  Dump Station Available Seasonally  Potable Water Seasonal Availability  Shower Type Seasonal Availability (coin-operated)  *You can only use USDA-certified firewood in the park, and this is a measure to stop the unnecessary spread of emerald ash borer. However, you can also use deadwood or brunches in the park to ignite fire in the fire grates provided by the park.   Further, you must fully extinguish the fire before leaving the spot, and you cannot use charcoal.   Fees And Reservation At Loft Mountain Campground  Loft Mountain Campground has non-electric sites for tents and RVs. Further, only six people can stay at a time at a standard campsite. Moreover, a camping site can accommodate one RV at a time.   In addition, the fee for each campsite is $30.   Further, the campsites of Loft Mountain Campground come on a combination basis. Nevertheless, the best method is to reserve a site.   However, campsites are also available on a first-come, first-served basis.   Lewis Mountain Campground  Lewis Mountain Campground is the smallest in the park, with a stretch of only 57.5 miles. Also, just 7 miles away from the Big Meadows, this campground offers a quiet and more private experience.   The sites are available on self-registrations. Further, you can get a site on a first-come and first-served basis.   Amenities Available  Cell Phone Network No Internet Connectivity No Recycling/Trash Collection Yes, on a seasonal basis Camp Store Yes, on a seasonal basis Food Storage Lockers  Seasonal Availability Ice for Sale Yes, Available Seasonally Staff on Site Seasonal  Amphitheater No Firewood for Sale Available Seasonally** Laundry Available Seasonally  Dump Station No Potable Water Seasonal Availability  Shower Type Seasonal Availability (coin-operated)  **You must abide by the fire safety regulations to stop the spread of the emerald ash borer. Further, remember the following points to avoid fire-related mishaps.   You can use deadwood or dried branches to light a fire in the fire grates.  Further, make sure that you extinguish the fire properly after use.  Also, you can carry camping and backpacking stoves.  However, you cannot use charcoal grills inside the park.   Reservation And Fees At Lewis Mountain Campground  A standard, non-electric campsite at Lewis Mountain Campground will cost you $30. Further, you don’t need to reserve your campsite in advance as all sites are available on a first-come and first-served basis.   Big Meadows Campground  https://www.instagram.com/p/B4a4lAAFP52/ The 51.2-mile Big Meadows Campground is the busiest camping zone in the park, with 221 camping sites. Further, with sites available on a reservation basis, this campground offers access to the following park areas.  Big Meadows  Byrd Visitor Center, and  Dark Hollow Falls  Moreover, every campsite for a tent or RV here comes with a picnic table and fire ring.   Amenities Available  Cell Phone Network No Internet Connectivity No Recycling/Trash Collection Yes, on a seasonal basis Camp Store Seasonal availability  Food Storage Lockers  Yes Ice for Sale Yes Staff on Site Available Seasonally  Amphitheater Available Seasonally  Firewood for Sale Firewood is available. However, you must strictly adhere to the park's fire and stove policy. *** Laundry Available Seasonally  Dump Station Available Seasonally  Potable Water Seasonal Availability  Shower Type Seasonal Availability (coin-operated)  *** The fire safety policies at Big Meadows Campground include using USDA-certified firewood. Further, you can use deadwood and branches in the fire grates.   However, even if you can carry backpacking and camping stoves, using charcoal grills is prohibited.   Further, the Big Meadows Campground has standard and group camping sites. Moreover, the group camping site will cost you $75, and the fee for the standard site is $30.   Mathews Arm Campground  If you enter the Shenandoah National Park from Front Royal, you will first encounter the Mathews Arm Campground. Further, this 22.1 campground is home to 165 sites with picnic tables, fire rings, tents, and RVs.   However, this camping site has no camp store or shower facility. It also does not offer wood and ice for sale. So, you will have to walk for 2 miles to Elkwallow Wayside to collect the essentials.   Amenities Available  Cell Phone Network No Internet Connectivity No Recycling/Trash Collection Yes, on a seasonal basis Camp Store No Food Storage Lockers  Yes Ice for Sale No Staff on Site Available Seasonally  Amphitheater Available Seasonally  Firewood for Sale No Laundry No Dump Station Available Seasonally  Potable Water Seasonal Availability  Shower Type No  Reservation And Fees At Mathews Arm Campground   The Mathews Arm Campground  combines reserved and first-come, first-served based sites. Further, it has standard and group campsites.   Moreover,  standard and group campsite fees are $30 and $75, respectively.   Explore More Lodging Options At Shenandoah National Park  If you don’t want to compromise on comfort, you can explore the three Shenandoah National Park lodging options for an overnight stay.   Further, these lodges are located in the prime locations of the park, and offer the best view of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Moreover, they have pet-friendly accommodation. So, if you are traveling with your canine or feline friends, you can enjoy stress-free time.   Skyland Resort  https://www.instagram.com/p/CdqQODytuCm/?img_index=1 Along the Skyline Drive, the Skyland Resort offers the most comfortable accommodation options at Skyland Resort.   Further, you can enjoy the most beautiful view of the park from the Skyland Resort. Also, this resort gives you easy access to many popular hiking trails in the park.   Lewis Mountain Cabins  Are you in for some rugged experience at Shenandoah National Park with the comfort factor intact? So, why don’t you get a place at Lewis Mountain Cabins?  Big Meadows Lodge  https://www.instagram.com/p/C-DcPBOADEx/ Built with stones from the Massanutten Mountains, the Big Meadows Lodge has a natural charm and warmth. Further, residents love spending evenings here watching the sunrise and sharing their park experience.  Exploring The Unique Geology Of Shenandoah National Park     https://www.instagram.com/p/CSwssncAg6D/ The geology of Shenandoah National Park tells ancient stories that are constantly evolving. Further, you will find many types of rocks that have formed the  park’s unique geology. So, let’s have a brief understanding of these rocks.   Basement Rocks  The basement rocks of Shenandoah National Park are older than Appalachians. Further, these rocks are the foundations of the Shenandoah Blue Ridge Mountains. These rocks are also responsible for the dramatic topography of Hogback Mountain, Old Rag Mountain, and Marys Rock.   Moreover, these rocks take you back billions of years.   Greenstone Lava Flows   Have you seen the  Hawksbill and Stony Man cliffs in Shenandoah National Park? These all are formed of greenstone lava flows at least 570 million years old.   Further, these lava flows form a staircase-like topography, and you will also find flat benches here and there. Moreover, the major waterfalls in the park cut through the greenstone lava flows and plunge into canyons.   Chilhowee Metasedimentary Rocks  These rocks come from the shores of an ocean older than the Atlantic. Further, these rocks form the park’s steep slopes and rugged terrain. Moreover, you will find these rocks in the Southern District of the park.   Further, they have transformed under pressure and have formed cliffs like the Calvary Rocks, Rocky Mountain, and Blackrock South. In addition, these rocks have formed many boulder fields.   Shenandoah National Park At A Glance  Location: Virginia, United States  Area: Around 198,000 Acres  Highest Point: Hawksbill Mountain (1,234 Meters)  Visitor Centers: Dickey Ridge Visitor Center, Harry F. Byrd, Sr. Visitor Center, and Mobile Visitor Center  Hiking Trails: 500 Miles  Moreover, Shenandoah National Park is home to more than 50 mammal and 190 bird species with amphibians, reptiles, fish, and insects. Further, this park has more than 12 waterfalls.   So, camping in the park will be a truly amazing experience. However, plan a trip to the park in the spring or fall to have the best experience of the wildlife flora and fauna.  However, the park has multiple entrance gates, and the route directions could be clearer. So, get a detailed idea from the park authority about the entrance gate and route based on your location.    Also read Why Include Whale Watching In Your LA Itinerary. Traveling On A Budget: Tips For Affordable Adventures. From Cocktails To Kickflips: Must-Try Activities In San Diego.

BY  Barsha Feb 3, 2026

Which is colder: Minus 40°C or Minus 40°F? The question appears simple, at least at a glance. But if you think about it, it does open an interesting window into the dynamic world of temperature, rather, how we tend to measure temperature.  Moreover, it also gives insight into why different people use different measurement systems across the globe.  The most fascinating part? How do these systems even relate to extreme temperatures?  The answer might actually surprise you. -40°C and -40°F are exactly equal. Yep! That’s right - it is the point of meeting for the two temperature scales.  On that note, let’s dissect and unpack why this even happens.  More importantly, what else do you need to know about the two temperature scales before you can plan your next mountain escapade.  Celsius Vs Fahrenheit: What’s The Difference? To make things super easy for you to understand, I have laid out the difference between Celsius and Fahrenheit in simple terms below: AspectsCelsiusFahrenheitOriginAnders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, developed the Celsius scale in 1742. Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, a German physicist, developed the Fahrenheit scale in 1724.Definition“of or using a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 0° and boils at 100°.” (Oxford Dictionary)“of or using a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 32° and boils at 212°.” (Oxford Dictionary)Used InMost places in the world, including Europe, Australia, Africa, Asia, and most scientific work. Primarily in the United States of America and some Caribbean countries.Conversion Formula°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 So, Which Is Colder: Minus 40°C or Minus 40°F? I already answered this question in the very beginning - both are the same! It is the point at which the two scales meet.  So, if you use the conversation formula I have listed above, then: -40°C × 9/5 + 32 = -40°F Also, this is the only point where Fahrenheit and Celsius readings match.  Then, why does it confuse all of us? It is mainly because of three primary reasons, as per my understanding:  Most individuals don’t really encounter extreme weather conditions. So, they do not really come across this overlap point.  Secondly, in most countries, the education system teaches only one scale. As a result, there is little or no intuitive comparison.  Finally, Fahrenheit readings are usually larger for both outdoor and room temperatures. For example, 50°F is equivalent to 10°C. This automatically makes most individuals assume that the two scales don’t match.  Where Does It Hit -40 On Earth? Places like Greenland, Northern Canada, Siberia, and some regions of Scandinavia go down to -40 regularly during the winter months.  For example: In February 2021, temperatures dipped to -43°C in Sweden.  Siberia, Canada, and Yukon also experience these levels regularly.  In these regions, both Fahrenheit and Celsius are the same - you will shiver equally.  In this context, I have a fun fact about the coldest temperatures recorded on Earth: In 1983, Vostok Station, located in Antarctica, recorded −128.6°F (-89.2°C) (Source: Britannica)  That is literally double what you will feel at -40°. More importantly, it is a real-world reminder that extreme weather conditions and environments exist on Earth.  How Cold Does It Feel At -40°? The truth is that whether it is -40°F or -40°C, you will feel the same. And trust me, I’m not kidding - you will literally shiver!  In February 2021, I experienced -40°C in Yukon. My thermometer read -40°F, and I experienced frostbite risk within minutes. Whether it’s -40°C or -40°F, the result is the same: Your skin will freeze within minutes without the right protection.  Vehicles might not even start. Metal will stick to the skin.  Your eyelashes might freeze.  At -40°, it is dangerously cold regardless of what scale you are using.  Also, the wind is so chilly that you will shiver and can fall sick or even die without the right gear and equipment.  How -40° Feels On The Human Body? So, I can’t just keep telling you guys that it is going to be dangerously cold.  Instead, it is much better to give you all the real picture of how the human body is bound to react at sub-zero temperatures:  Temp (°F/°C)Impact On The Human Body-76°F/-60°CIt is painful to even breathe. Also, exposed body parts, including eyes, will freeze.-40°F/-40°CSkin will freeze in two minutes. Also, metal will stick to the skin. -22°F/-30°CExposed and unprotected skin, including eyelashes, will freeze in ten minutes. -4°F/-20°CNumbness begins to set in, with an increasing risk of frostbite. 14°F/-10°CThe skin begins to sting, with a risk of frostnip if exposed. 32°F/0°CBreathing becomes visibly tough. Also, fingers stiffen in a few minutes.  Even without any chilly winds, subzero temperatures are hazardous, especially if you are not prepared.  At -40°, both Fahrenheit and Celsius, there is only one brutal truth: without protection and preparation, it is dangerous and life-threatening.  Winter Hiking Hazards You Should Know About: Winter can alter any landscape radically, striking a balance between mesmerizing beauty and quirky dangers.  And while it is impossible to talk about all hazards in detail, I’ve compiled all the possible winter hiking hazards and their mitigation strategies below: Winter Hiking HazardMitigation StrategyFrostbite & HypothermiaCheck the weather, pack extra clothes, and layer well.Slip & FallUse microspikes or crampons and trekking poles.Getting LostUse a compass, maps, and a GPS. Also, try mapping your route.Fatigue & DehydrationEat frequently, stay hydrated, and pack extra food (and water).Falling Into Ice or WaterAlways test the ice and be careful while crossing icy terrains. CornicesAvoid walking under or on the edges of ridges. Equipment FailureKeep electronics warm. Also, carry gear repairs and physical maps. Tree WellsIn deep snow, avoid the base of trees. AvalanchesCheck forecasts for avalanches. Also, avoid steep terrains. Short Daylight HoursStart early, carry spare batteries, and definitely wear a headlamp. In addition, I’ve touched upon the common (but very dangerous) hiking hazards that you can come across at sub-zero temperatures in the mountains in detail: 1. Ice: Of course, you need to worry about ice! In the winter months, melt-freeze cycles turn hiking trails into slippery ice. Similarly, this can also happen on popular tourist routes where snow is compressed over a long period of time.  If you slip on these icy trails, it will lead to bruises and bumps. Moreover, a bad slip and fall can lead to serious wrist, ankle, or back injuries.  As a result, it is best to carry metal-tipped trekking poles and traction for additional stability in such conditions.  2. Avalanches: In the United States, avalanches (as per avalanche.org) kill between 25 and 30 people every winter. Moreover, the injury rates are much higher.  Most victims are ice climbers, snowmobilers, snowboarders, and backcountry skiers. However, oblivious hikers do get caught in avalanches occasionally.  The worst part? Nearly 95% of avalanches begin on slopes that are between 30 and 45 degrees in steepness.  However, the snow ends up traveling down to the flat terrain - and it even appears to be safe to an untrained eye.  As a result, it is vital to consult topo maps, check trip reports, and talk with local experts before you set out. That is your best shot at safety in the face of an avalanche.  3. Glaciers: Many of the iconic summits in the United States are guarded by glaciers.  While there are several snowfields across the western part of the United States - mostly misnamed as glaciers - you will find true glaciers mostly in the Pacific Northwest and in the far north.  Moreover, these are active glaciers that moves around, forming cracks with time. As a result, these fissures, A.K.A crevasses, lie under the snow, hidden from the human eye. Naturally, fatal falls - and unexpected ones - become a major possibility.  So, it’s best not to step out on glaciated terrain unless you have some experience in both glacier navigation and snow travel. This also includes improving your fissure-rescue skills.  4. Steep Snow: The challenge and adventure of climbing snow-covered, steep slopes is certainly thrilling.  Recently, I had the opportunity to try out snow climbing, and while it was thrilling, I can’t overstate the importance of safety and experience.  It’s so much more technical than it appears visually - if you slip even once, you can slide down the steep slope. Also, you have to know: How can you assess the snow conditions around you? Use crampons.  Take a fall with the help of an ice axe.  Additionally, it is best to be familiar with avalanches and safety first. Because a majority of snow climbs will require you to cross terrain prone to avalanches.  What To Know Before Planning Your Next Mountain Escapade? 9 Tips That Can Keep You Safe! Safety in weather extremes, especially in the mountains, requires careful preparation, specialized equipment, and a constant awareness of your body’s condition.  Moreover, the combination of high winds, rapid changes in weather, and freezing temperatures leads to life-threatening conditions. And that too in minutes.  This includes the risk of both frostbite and hypothermia. Moreover, preparing for freezing temperatures is incomplete without strict layering, high-calorie nutrition, and waterproof gear. And still it’s not enough - surprised? Well, don’t be! Instead, scroll down for the internet’s most comprehensive list to prepare for survival in freezing temperatures in the mountains. 1. Stay Hydrated: Problem: Dehydration is very common in freezing temperatures, much like hotter regions with arid weather conditions.  How? The cold weather conditions can easily suppress thirst. But the dry air in the mountains and high levels of physical activity will make your body dehydrated - and this will happen faster than you can possibly imagine.  Moreover, dehydration can lead to dizziness, fatigue, and headaches.  Solution: As a result, you should try carrying a thermos with herbal teas (like chamomile, tulsi, or ginger) or just warm water with lemon and honey. These can hydrate you, keep you warm from the inside, and boost immunity.  Also, on this note, avoid caffeine or any caffeinated drinks since they will dehydrate you faster.   2. Nourish Yourself: Problem: Your body will burn a lot of calories to stay warm in freezing temperatures.  As a result, even if you think that a bowl of hot Maggi seems like an appealing meal for the mountains, it is crucial to balance comfort and nutrition.  Solution: So, you should focus on energy-dense and high-calorie food items like seeds, whole grains, and roasted nuts to ensure high energy levels in the body.  Moreover, you can consider adding warming ingredients to your food. Ingredients like turmeric, garlic, and ginger can fight cold and improve digestion.  Also, if you do end up eating a steaming bowl, then add boiled eggs or vegetables for a healthy, protein-packed version.  On that note, here’s a list of things you can eat: Beef jerky.  Trail mix. Nuts. Milk chocolate. Pretzels or chips. Cheese and deli meat. Tortillas or crackers. Pizza slices. Pumpkin or banana bread. Peanut butter sandwiches. 3. Protect Your Lips And Skin From Dryness: Problem: Cold and dry air is not good for the skin - it strips the skin of moisture. And this in turn leads to dry hands, irritated skin, and cracked lips.  This is highly uncomfortable and causes skin damage if you don’t address it within minutes.  Solution: As a result, always use a moisturizer that is thick and nourishing before stepping out. Moreover, while doing so, focus on different areas like your face, neck, and hands, which are prone to getting exposed.  Also, do not forget to apply lip balm on your lips - and ensure the lip balm comes with SPF for protection against the UV rays of the sun and the cold, both of which are strong at high altitudes.  In addition, eat food items that have a high percentage of omega-3s. This includes flaxseeds and walnuts, both of which are perfect for hydrating your skin from within.  4. Stay Active For Proper Blood Circulation: Problem: When you are absolutely stationary in freezing temperatures, your blood circulation will slow down. This, in turn, makes you feel colder.  Solution: The only solution here is not to sit in the same spot for too long.  So, try out light activities such as walking, stretching, or even a few squats to ensure proper blood circulation. Also, it feels good to do light physical activities after a long day of trekking.  5. Take Care Of Your Altitude Sickness: Problem: At high altitudes, you can expect oxygen levels to fluctuate and drop. This, in turn, can cause fatigue, nausea, or dizziness.  Solution: You should give enough time to your body - that way, your body will be able to adjust. As a result, it is best to take it easy on day 1.  Moreover, drink lots of water and eat food items that are rich in antioxidants. This includes berries, nuts, and fresh fruits. That way, your body will be able to fight the stress and pressure of altitude.  If you are feeling unwell at any point, don’t push too hard. Rest is very important.  6. Support Your Body’s Immune System: Problem: The blend of altitude and cold weather can easily weaken your body’s immune system. This, in turn, will make you prone to illnesses.  Solution: Incorporate food items that are rich in Vitamin C, like amla or oranges, in your daily diet in the mountains to boost your body’s immune system.  Moreover, warm soups are also great - but ensure these have vegetables, lentils, or even chicken stock. Why? Because it offers warmth, hydration, and nourishment together.  Also, ensure you can sleep well - a good sleep cycle will recharge your body.  7. Look After Your Feet: Problem: Remember that cold or wet can lead to chilblains, frostbite, and lots of discomfort. Solution: Invest in insulated and waterproof boots. Moreover, you can consider wearing thick woollen socks to ensure your feet are dry and warm.  Also, don’t forget to carry an additional pair of dry socks - that way you can change socks if your feet feel too damp. In addition, you can try massaging your feet with a nice, warm balm. Why? It will prevent dryness and improve circulation.  8. Breathe Smartly For Avoiding Cold-Air Effects: Problem: If you directly breathe in icy, cold air, then it will irritate your lungs.  Trust me on this one! It has happened to me. And then you will start coughing. Some people also feel a tightness in their chests.  Solution: When you start feeling chilly, try to breathe through your nose and avoid doing it through your mouth. This will keep you warm, moisturizing the air even before it can reach your lungs. Also, this will help you to keep respiratory problems at bay.  9. Prioritize Mental Wellness: Problem: The beautiful solitude of the mountains can be very peaceful. However, at times it can get very overwhelming. As a result, staying healthy mentally is just as crucial as looking after yourself physically.  Solution: Take some time for yourself so that you can practice mindfulness - and while doing so, don’t forget to appreciate the beauty around you.  Moreover, you can consider carrying a journal for jotting down your reflections and thoughts.  Also, it is healthy to count on your group to stay connected. Why? Sharing experiences together can motivate everyone and lift spirits.