Langkawi RORO Ferry: Your Gateway To Island Paradise

BY  Sibashree Oct 10, 2025

Drama and Golden hour glow! And of course, the Jenga rock formations!  All these make the Edge of the World Arizona perfect for camping, stargazing, and scenic drives. The Edge of the World calls the Coconino National Forest its home, and the national forest is further located between Sedona and Flagstaff.  The 55 km round trip is fun, provided you are ready to take the bounce coming from the washboards on the road. Furthermore, every bit of toil on the road is worth it once you enjoy the views from the Mogollon Rim top or inhale the whiff of the Ponderosa Pine.  What’s more? Let’s discuss the Edge of the World Arizona, in detail. We will also talk about the practical tips for a safe outdoor experience. Quick Facts About Edge Of The World Arizona  Distance from Sedona: 28 Miles Distance from Flagstaff: 27-28 Miles Road Type: A combination of gravel, dirt, and washboards Ride Types: High-Clearance 4x4, Dirt Bike, ATV (50"), SxS (60"), and SUV Difficulty: Easy to Moderate Road Condition: Not Maintained After Snow or Rain Best Time of the Day for Visit: Sunrise or Sunset Tools Needed: GPS Coordinates for Viewpoints Route Length: 55 Miles Dog-Friendly: Yes Elevation Change: 3,400’ Drones Allowed: No Edge of the World Arizona Map  1. East Pocket Arizona View this post on Instagram A post shared by ThreeSixZero Photo (@threesixzero_photo) The Edge of the World and the larger area are often referred to as the East Pocket. There is an old watchtower nearby for keeping an eye on the wildfire. This watch tower is called the East Pocket Tower.  2. The Knob The Jenga Rock formations, offset the cliffs, look like knobs, and they seem to be formed with puzzle blocks, which are not in order.  How To Reach The Edge Of The World Arizona  Here are the step-by-step guides for how to reach the Edge of the World Arizona from Flagstaff and Sedona. Flagstaff to Edge of the World Arizona RouteSedona to Edge of the World Arizona Route Journey Time: 1 Hour and 45 Minutes • Take the 89A Highway from the south of Flagstaff.• Drive for around 25 minutes to find the US Forest Service Road 535.• Continue for 19 Miles on Service Road 535. • Then, find the Forest Service Road 9012R and turn right to reach the Knob. Journey Time: Around 1 Hour and 30 Minutes• From the North of Sedona, Take Highway 89A.• Drive till Forest Road 535. You will find the turnoff after driving for around 17 miles north of Sedona.• Drive for 19 miles on Forest Road 535. Then, take the # 9012R.• Drive till the end of the road and turn right to find the Knob. • You will find various switchbacks, and navigating through the rocks and ruts here is really difficult. Also, following the numbered rock signs can be a little difficult.  During December to February, these roads can get blocked with extreme snowfall and ice accumulation. The icy patches remain till the spring months of March and May.  However, the summer months from June to August and the Fall months from September to November are ideal for the drive from Sedona or Flagstaff.  Before you plan a drive to the Edge of the World, Arizona, you can download and use the AZ 511 app and know about the current weather conditions.  What To Expect At The Viewpoint Of The Edge Of The World Arizona?  View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mary Forbes (@sunkissed_mary) With rocky cliffs in the surrounding area, you will also enjoy views of multiple peaks and ridges when driving to the Edge of the World in Arizona.  There are no hiking trails. However, you can climb some rocks and walk in some spots to get wonderful vistas of the canyon and the surrounding area.  Furthermore, to up your adventure level a few notches higher, you can go for a hike to the Courthouse Butte and Cathedral Rock Mountains in Sedona.  Nevertheless, the Lego or Knob Rock formation here is the main attraction. However, taking a photo of the formation is a bit tricky as the formation sits almost at the edge of the cliff.  So, you can climb up the left rock of the twin boulders you will come across before reaching the viewpoint.  Moreover, if you want to just stand below the rock formation, you can jump over a chasm and reach the lower rock in front of it. There is a gap of around 15 feet. So, jump only if you can manage.  Warnings And Things To Keep In Mind At The Edge Of The World Arizona  Keep the map open and follow the blue GPS dot, as network connectivity will be lost once you are on the Service Road 535. Do not follow Google Maps blindly, as in most cases, the road numbers on Google Maps may not match the signs of the Forest Service Roads.  Follow the Leave No Trace policy and follow all the local regulations of the Coconino National Forest. Keep the contact number of the national forest (+1 928-527-3600) handy so that you can contact them in an emergency. You can also contact the forest service at 1-800-832-1355.  Nature And Wildlife At Coconino National Forest Home to the Mormon Lake and Rogers Lake, the national forest is also home to many wildlife animals and birds.  Types of AnimalsExamplesMammals• White-Tailed Deer• Mule Deer• Black Bears• ElkPronghorn• Porcupines• Mountain Lions (Rarely Visible)Birds• Mexican Spotted Owls• Wild Eages• Bald Eagles• OspreysReptiles• Desert Spiny Lizard• Short Hord Lizard Plants At Coconino National Forest I have already mentioned that the Edge of the World in Arizona is filled with the aroma of Ponderosa Pines. I love these pine needles for their vanilla scent. These plants stand as the eternal witness, with an imposing height of up to 8000 feet.  These plants are also crucial for the fire-prone nature of the forest. They can withstand fire attacks thanks to their thick bark and pruning branches.  Other plants and trees found here are Quaking Aspen and Rocky Mountain Junipers.  Overall, the Coconino National Forest houses a combination of diverse ecosystems such as the high-elevation tundra, desert, and ponderosa pine forests. So, you will notice a great variety in the animals and plants living here.  Camping And Overnight Stay At The Edge Of The World Arizona View this post on Instagram A post shared by Andrew Imhoff (@imhoff.imagery) The red rock formations and wonderful vistas make the Edge of the World in Arizona an ideal place for camping. However, the camping conditions here are primitive. Also, you have to be very careful about the fire usage as the forest is prone to catching fire.  Follow these simple tips to avoid fire hazards during the Edge of the World camping in Arizona.  Use dead firewood for lighting up a fire. Do not cut the branches of the standing trees. Use a small stove for cooking according to the rules and regulations of the United States Forest Service (USFS). Listen to the rangers and use lanterns at night. Use fire rings if you are building a fire. Keep a shovel and 6 gallons of water handy. Ensure that the woods you are burning are turned to ash and there are no sparks.  Camping is free of cost at the Coconino National Forest. Also, you do not need a permit for camping here.  What Is The Best Time To Visit The Edge Of The World Arizona?  View this post on Instagram A post shared by Jessica Kesti | 📍Arizona | Hiking + Adventures (@jess.kesti96) The fall season from September to November is the best time to visit the Edge of the World. However, here is a detailed breakdown of the weather conditions and road conditions in Edge of the World, Arizona. Season and MonthWeather ConditionRoad ConditionBest ForSpring/ March to MayCool and ComfortableMostly smooth. However, sometimes snowy patches are visibleClear ViewsSummer/June to AugustHotDustySunset CampingFall/September to NovemberMild ColdSmoothBeautiful Fall ColorsWinter/December to FebruaryColdMud and SnowOften, roads remain closed Visiting The Edge Of The World Arizona: Itinerary & Nearby Places 1-Day Itinerary • Driving Early Morning• Picnic in the Afternoon• Take Sunset Photos• Plan a Return2-Day Itinerary• Day Drive and Picnic• Overnight Camping• Sedona Hikes on the Next MorningNearby Places for Food and Fuel • Desert View Market and Deli• Desert View Gas StationNearby Attractions• Kaibab National Forest• Grand Canyon National Park Edge Of The World Arizona: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Here are the frequently asked questions and answers about the Edge of the World, Arizona.  1. What 7th Wonder Of The World Does Arizona Have? The Grand Canyon is the 7th wonder of the world in Arizona. It is a chasm formed by the erosion of the Colorado River and the rampage of wind and rain. The chasm is 277 miles in length, and it has a length of 18 miles.  2. Where Is The Top Of The World In Arizona? Humphreys Peak, the tallest mountain in Arizona and the highest point in the San Francisco Peaks, is the top of the world in Arizona. With an elevation of 3,852 meters, Humphreys Peak is a popular hiking destination. In the summer season, especially many hikers flock to this place.  3. Are You Allowed To Camp Anywhere In Arizona? No, you cannot camp anywhere in Arizona. The Bureau of Land Management in Arizona says that dispersed camping is allowed in national forest lands, the Bureau of Land Management lands, and for a limited time on State Trust Lands.  Read Also: The Best Places To See Northern Lights In The USA: When And Where To Watch Aurora Borealis Here are Some Warm Places to Travel in February in the USA! Check the Best Warm Winter Destinations in USA!

BY  Sibashree Apr 1, 2026

While Iran, one of the oldest countries in the world, is fighting back against the joint attack of the USA and Israel, it’s the correct moment to look back at the ancient civilizations of our world.  So, what is the oldest country in the world?  While some say it is Japan, some vouch for India, and China remains the oldest continuous civilization in the world.  Here, I have picked 10 countries that I can call the “Immortal Ten” because of the human resilience they have shown and how they have survived.  What Is The Oldest Country In The World?  The current geopolitical map, in fact, did not exist for a long time.  Most of the countries that are members of the United Nations came into being in the aftermath of 20th-century decolonization or the dissolution of Soviet-era empires.  But what lies under the modern borders and changing flags is a much deeper level of human history.  Although historians generally use continuous sovereignty to measure longevity.  However, a government can lose its sovereignty to an invader, but that does not necessarily mean the end of the culture.  The true measures of a lasting civilization are cultural continuity, the survival of language,  religion, social cohesion, and identity beyond the ruin of even the most magnificent palaces. So, each civilization that qualifies for this list has withstood conquest, colonization, or internal upheaval without losing its very foundation.  Here are the ten oldest civilizations that are still living today. 1. China, The Oldest Continuous Civilization In The World  China traces its origins back to the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 BC) over 3,500 years ago.  The oracle bone script of the Shang did not simply get lost like the hieroglyphics of Egypt or the cuneiforms of Mesopotamia. Instead, it gradually transformed into the modern Chinese writing system in use today.  Furthermore, the "Imperial Logic" of China, a centralized bureaucracy under moral guidance by Confucianism, was the charter of the Han Dynasty. It continued to be the underpinning even through the rise and fall of the many dynasties.  Even when the country was dominated by foreign powers such as the Mongols (Yuan Dynasty) or the Manchus (Qing Dynasty), they did not "unmake" China.  Rather, the new rulers were "Sinicized, " taking on the Chinese ways of administration and language so as to stay in power.  The present-day People's Republic of China utilizes a model of central governance that is reflective of the bureaucratic mindset of the emperors who ruled the country some two millennia ago. 2. Egypt: The Tital Of Antiquity  Egyptian civilization rose to prominence around 3100 BC under Pharaoh Narmer, at least in theory.  For 3,000 years, it set the standard for administration, engineering, and art.  The native religion faded with Christianity, and later Islam, and Coptic was mostly replaced by Arabic.  Still, the Egyptian character stayed rooted in the Nile.  Foreign powers, such as the Persians, Romans, Ottomans, and British, could never fully erase that identity.  Furthermore, Cairo held a central role in Islamic thought for centuries.  Today, Egypt remains the most culturally influential nation in the Arab world. The people have outlasted every empire that tried to control them. 3. Iran: The Persian Resilience  Iran, once called Persia, ruled the world from 550 BC when Cyrus the Great built the Achaemenid Empire.  The culture soaked up new rulers instead of losing itself.  After Alexander took over, he started wearing Persian royal clothes.  When Islam came in the 7th century through Arab rule, Persians embraced the faith but kept their language and built a unique style of art and religion. Thus, eventually, the formation of Shi'a Islam happened.  Farsi stayed strong with its roots unchanged and gave rise to poetry that shaped global thought, in particular through Rumi and Hafez.  Now, Iran's Islamic Republic stands where the ancient emperors once did, same land, same heartland, 2,500 years later! 4. India: The Land Of Spirituality India's story starts with the Indus Valley Civilization (c 2500 BC).  After it faded, the Vedic traditions in the Ganges Valley shaped Hinduism.  Also, the thing is, India has always had this "Diversity in Unity. "  It survived Mughal rule and the British Raj without giving up its core values or spiritual roots.  Local languages, epics like the Mahabharata, and daily life structures held strong through centuries of outside control.  After its independence from British Rule in 1947, India became the world's largest democracy, built on an ancient foundation that still holds together today. 5. Greece: The Land Of Philosophy  Greek civilization had its beginnings in the Bronze Age with the Mycenaeans (c. 1100 BC). Furthermore, its most flourishing period was the 5th-century BC "Golden Age" of Athens.  After the Greek city-states were absorbed by Rome to some extent, Greek culture became the very foundation of the Roman Empire.  In the Byzantine Empire, Greek was the language of the state as well as the church, and it was through these that Classical knowledge was preserved through the Middle Ages.  Even under four centuries of Ottoman rule, Greeks maintained their identity through the Orthodox Church and the use of their ancient language.  Moreover, when modern Greece was liberated in 1830, in essence, it was not a matter of creating a new identity. It was about celebrating a nation and a culture that has been around for three thousand years. 6. Japan: The Land Of The Oldest Continuous Hereditary Monarchy Japan has the world's oldest continuous hereditary monarchy, beginning with a legendary founding in 660 BC and first documented records in the 6th century AD.  It modernized rapidly during the Meiji Restoration in 1868 without losing its traditional values.  Furthermore, unified by one language and Shinto and Buddhism, Japan was never colonized by a Western power.  Even after World War II destroyed much of its infrastructure, the imperial institution stayed intact as a symbol of continuity.  Probably more or less, Japan's blend of advanced industry and old social norms contributes to its stability.  Today, the nation remains one of the most enduring civilizations in history. 7. Ethiopia: The Highland Fortress Ethiopia stands as a symbol of African endurance.  Its origins go back to the Aksumite Empire (c. 100 AD), which was among the earliest nations to adopt Christianity in the 4th century.  For over seven hundred years, the Solomonic Dynasty, which asserted its lineage from the biblical King Solomon, ruled the country.  The challenging terrain of Ethiopia enabled it to be the only African country that was never colonized (although it was under an Italian occupation for a short time in the 1930s).  The Ethiopian Orthodox Church and the Ge'ez script were cultural foundations. It preserved national identity and sovereignty when the rest of the continent was carved up by Europe. 8. Jewish Civilization Starting in the kingdoms of Israel and Judah more than 3,000 years ago, Jewish civilization stands as the most remarkable example of cultural resilience in history.  After the Romans destroyed Jerusalem, the Jews spread out worldwide in a diaspora. Normally, a nation without a territory would lose its identity in a few generations.  However, Jewish civilization, through religious law (Halakha), the Hebrew script, and a strong tradition of education, was able to survive as a "portable nation".  The founding of the State of Israel in 1948 was the political expression of a cultural memory that had been kept alive for over 2,000 years. 9. Armenia: The First Christian State Armenia has been located in the Caucasus region for at least 3,000 years.  It was the first country to make Christianity its official religion in 301 AD.  Yes, the Armenian people had many influences. The Persian, Roman, Ottoman, and Soviet!   They still maintained their unique alphabet (created in the 5th century) and their national church.  Not even the atrocities of the 1915 genocide were able to sever the cultural connection of the modern Republic of Armenia with its ancient Bronze Age heritage. 10. Korea: The Hermit Continuity The Korean culture started with the kingdom of Gojoseon. Further, its cultural identity resulted in a unified nation by the 7th century.  Surrounded by a peninsula, Korea had its unique Hangul script and Confucian values. Thus, despite cultural influences from China and a very harsh period of Japanese colonization (1910-1945), it never lost its identity.  Even though North and South are separate nowadays, they both have the same original myths, language, and sense of ancestors' pride.

BY  Sibashree Mar 11, 2026

I traveled extensively across Jaffna, the Tamil heartland of Sri Lanka. The Delft Island, a boat ride away, offered the most historically and culturally enriching experience during my entire Jaffna trip. Yes, the day trip to Delft Island was a bit rushed, as you have to catch the 8 AM boat from Kurikadduwan Jetty. Otherwise, your entire day will be ruined. However, after traveling 30 kms off the coast of Jaffna, Delft Island unfolded its mystery before my eyes. Overall, it is a limestone and coral island that has all the drama. At the same time, there is something very authentic about this island. Local history and culture exude through every corner. That is what won me over as a follower of the TravelDownUnder principles. Here is more in this travel guide. I will begin with where Delft Island is located and the modes of travel to and around Delft Island. Then, I will talk about its history, significance, and things to see. Where Is Delft Island? Delft Island is in the Palk Strait, and it separates Southern India from Sri Lanka. It is a small island with a maximum width of 6 km and a length of 8 km. With such a tiny landscape, it is surprising to find out how much the island has to offer to the visitors.  How To Visit Delft Island From Jaffna? As I have mentioned, if you include a visit to Delft Island in your Jaffna travel itinerary, you have to be very particular about your timings. You have to reach Kurikadduwan Harbour at least by 7:30 AM to catch the ferry at 8 AM. To reach the harbour, you will have to take bus 776 from the Jaffna Bus Station, or you can take a tuk-tuk.  The bus ticket costs LKR 90, and the tuk-tuk ride costs LKR 2000. Furthermore, the return ferry from Delft Island starts at 2:30 PM. Once you reach the Kurikadduwan Jetty, you will get the bus to Jaffna. The return bus was very crowded, and you must not expect the best infrastructure during the jetty ride. Still, the hassle is worth it. How To Move Around Delft Island? Once you arrive on Delft Island, you can take a tuk-tuk ride to explore the main attractions. Many tuk-tuk drivers wait for the tourists aligned with the arrival time of the ferries. You can book a tuk-tuk ride for 4-5 hours, and the cost will be around LKR 2000-2500. Why Visit Delft Island, Jaffna? The history of Delft Island goes back to the time of the Chola Dynasty. Since then, the island has gone through various reigns, including the Portuguese, Dutch, and finally the British colonial periods. As you walk through the roads graced by palm trees and the sea breeze touches your cheeks, you will find how history speaks here, through the ruins, dirt roads, coral walls, and quaint villages. You suddenly start missing your home, especially the afternoons of summer vacations, when time was simpler. There is a rustic charm here that you cannot miss. The locals here are very hospitable. However, the only thing I missed was that there were no restaurants. So, if you are planning a food tour in Jaffna, Delft Island can be a disappointment. Still, here are more reasons to visit this beautiful coral island. Delft Island: A True Hidden Gem And In Close Encounter With Nature After Lonely Planet named Sri Lanka the best travel destination in the world in 2019, Colombo and Kandy became overcrowded. That’s a big turn-off for backpackers like me. So, it’s important to find a break in the north of the country and visit Jaffna temples and other attractions, where you can experience the spirituality, understand the local people, and most importantly, experience the story of human resilience. This is because this part of the country is still rebuilding after the civil war ended in 2009. Delft Island. Jaffna takes these humane aspects and the rawness of Northern Sri Lanka to a new level. In this age of 5G, Delft Island still has 3G connections. Also, the rise in sea levels still impacts the crops, ancient sites, homes, and the entire livelihood of the island. So, when I started exploring the island, I had to walk through the ankle-deep water in the fields. I had no problems in cherishing the experience as everything reminded me of my home.  Stories That Make Delf Island Fascinating Ancient Tamil legends and forgotten colonial ambitions have intertwined in the landscape and livelihood of Delf Island. Moreover, you have to listen to the inside stories here if you enjoy a good mix of history and local folklore. 1. The Growing Stone  There is a limestone outcrop on the island that keeps growing physically. Now, scientifically, it is the calcite and coral deposits that are to be blamed for the growth. However, for local devotees and the followers of Lord Mahadeva like me, it is a Swayambhu Lingam. This self-manifested form of Lord Shiva resembles Nakathampiran, or a multi-headed cobra. I made some offerings there, following the local customs, and had my moments. 2. The Giant’s Footprint Nobody Remembers The indentation close to the Sarapiddi area grabbed my attention. It was around 40 inches in length. There is a local belief that this is the left footprint of Lord Hanuman. Some even say that it is the footprint of Lord Shiva. Nevertheless, a similar indentation, resembling the right foot of the same identity, can be found on the Neduntheevu island. 3. The Wild Ponies And Their Secret Lives The Portuguese and the Dutch brought the wild ponies here. These feral ponies are the descendants of the European mares and Arabian stallions. They grew in numbers and were celebrated during the time of Lieutenant Nolan. He conducted a huge horse-breeding program. By the end of the British Era, most of these ponies were abandoned, and today they are a protected species of the island. So, you cannot take them outside the island. 4. The King Vedi Arasan Vedi Arasan, or the King of Firecrackers, was a celebrated Mukkuvar king here. He was the helm of the pearl trade in the Palk Strait. Furthermore, local stories suggest that the Dutch Fort was built on the foundation of the king’s ancient palace. 5. The Pigeon Cote Or The Dove Cote  The Pigeon Cote or the Dove Cote near the ruins of the Dutch Hospital is a witness to the colonial past of the island. It is 2 meters in length, and it shows how pigeons used to function as the physical internet connection. They were trained, and they used to fly between the Jaffna Mainland and the Delft Island. Though the pigeons were used to carry military dispatches, they were also used for the dissemination of personal letters. 6. The Massive Baobab Tree  The Baobab Tree is a telltale of how Arab traders enjoyed supremacy in this region. The hollow in the trunk of this ancient tree is large enough to accommodate two people.  Furthermore, prisoners were often kept inside the big hollow during transition.  What Are The Things To See In Delft Island, Jaffna? Delft Island may be small in size. However, its diverse cultural and historical attractions will keep you busy. However, these are the attractions you must not miss. The Portuguese And Dutch Fort  This fort is one of the most prominent attractions on Delft Island. It is a free place to visit. The Portuguese built this fort, and then the Dutch occupied it. Moreover, this fort has a coral and limestone structure. So, it stands out because of its unique architecture. The Baobab Tree  The Arab merchants brought the giant baobab tree in the 16th century. You suddenly feel that you are in Africa. The Old Dutch Hospital And Pigeon Nest  The Dutch built this hospital, and in the early 1900s, it became an administrative center. You can still see an inscription of the British Emblem on the Courts. Furthermore, the Pigeon cote or pigeon nest near the hospital shows how pigeons used to function as messengers between Jaffna Mainland and Delft Island. Where To Eat And Drink On The Delft Island? You can eat at the Delft Hotel near the jetty. You can eat parathas, rice, wade, and dosai. Also, you will find many local vendors selling snacks. However, you will not find a hotel on Delft Island. So, carry adequate snacks and water when traveling to Delft Island.