Things To Do In San Marcos – Top Activities To Enjoy!

BY  Sibashree Sep 11, 2024

Kobuk Valley National Park is surreal! Have you ever thought to meet sand dunes in the Arctic Circle? The unique geology of the park makes it possible. That’s not all! The Great Kobuk sand dunes stand here, along with the remains of the North American continental glaciers.  Three of the sand dunes in this national park are active or alive. The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, Hunt River Dunes, and Little Kobuk Sand Dunes here cover a mesmerizing 20,000 acres of area in the park.   Today, hiking through these dunes is one of the most popular activities in the Kobuk Valley National Park.   While it is visually unusual or unexpected to see sand dunes in an Arctic National Park, you also need to understand that the Arctic region gets very little rainfall every year. So, this is also a desert region.   “Sand dunes in the Arctic landscape are not what you would expect. Since most people associate sand dunes with a hot desert environment, it is a visually unusual thing to see. In fact, what most people don't realize is that the Arctic is also a desert with very low levels of rainfall.”   - Christian, a Kobuk Valley National Park Worker  Having said that, how the sand dunes came to be here, and the experience of exploring them will be a great thing to discuss in this article.   This Is How The Kobuk Valley National Park Became The Land Of Sand Dunes   https://www.instagram.com/p/BWatGdVFuis/ Much of Alaska, including the Kobuk Valley National Park, falls in the Tundra region. Tundra, the coldest of the biomes, gets only around 150 to 250 mm of rainfall and snowfall yearly1. So, the national park has less rainfall than some of the most well-known deserts in the world.   Further, the sand dunes in the Kobuk Valley are as old as the Ice Age. Now, as the mighty glaciers moved forward and made a retreat, the rocks beneath got ground. Now, the blowing wind transported the sand into the empty and ice-free Kobuk Valley. The sand dunes in the park are up to 150 feet high, and they are the biggest, high-altitude, and most importantly, “active sand fields”  in the earth.   In The Land Of The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes  https://www.instagram.com/p/BgmZYDdAA_r/ Are you in the Sahara? No, you are around 35 miles above the Arctic Circle and still find the largest active sand dune field in the world. Today, it is a popular backpacking, hiking, and camping destination in the National Park. You must attend the Northwest Arctic Heritage Center to learn more about the outdoor pursuits in the land of sand dunes.  Let’s quickly look at why the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes is a preferred destination for camping, hiking, and backpacking.  The sand is steady enough for the landing of an aircraft with wheels.  You can put up your tent on any level surface.  Also, you can hike in any direction.  Further, you can board a float plane and reach the Kobuk River. From there, you can take a backpacking tour for around two miles and reach the dunes.  You must visit the Kotzebue Visitor Center if you have plans to take this backpacking journey to and from the Kobuk River.   There is no marked route for hiking.  In summer, the temperature in the sand dunes can reach up to 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Also, fall is the season to see caribou migration here.   However, there’s more to it! Let’s learn about the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes as relics of the Ice Age and how life thrived here.   Great Kobuk Sand Dunes: The Relics Of The Ice Age   https://www.instagram.com/p/BYwfdMYlr-0/ To know about the formation of the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, we must go back to the Ice Age. Around 28000 years ago, glaciers in the mountains formed. I have already discussed how the glaciers ground the rocks and wind deposited them in the Kobuk Valley.   Further, approximately 14000 years ago, the glaciers made a massive retreat. As a result, there were 200,000 acres of sandy land formation on the river banks. Complex holocene activities and geomorphic preservations keep the sand dune field at the Kobuk Valley National Park active or alive. Along with the Kobuk Valley, small lakes in the park have also accumulated sand over thousands of years.   However, most of the landscape today is occupied by the vegetation of the national park, and the sand dune area consists of only 20,000 acres. The vegetation found here consists of the following varieties.  Wild rye  Grasses  Sedges  Kobuk locoweed  Wildflowers blooming occasionally  These species grow on the shifting sand, and they function as stabilizing agents. You can see shrubs, lichens, mosses, and algae following this vegetation. Finally, there are spruce, birch, and aspen trees covering the landscape.    The slopes of the Kobuk Valley sand dunes are the only place where Kobuk locoweeds grow. These plants belong to the pea family, and they are known for their purple flowers. If you want to see these flowers, you must visit the park in late June and July.   The inland dune field of Kobuk Valley National Park is surrounded by boreal forest.   Humans And Wildlife In The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes  https://www.instagram.com/p/Cv0EhpdLsJ5/ It’s amazing to see the Western Arctic Caribou walking through the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes. Fall and spring are the migration seasons for these animals. The north of Brook Range is the caribou herd’s calving ground, and they migrate to and from this place.   As the caribou herds pass through the sand dunes, their footprints remain in the ground for the longest time. According to National Park Service data, around 250,000 caribou pass through this national park annually.   No wonder that the Kobuk Valley National Park is one of the “last great migrations” remaining in the world. The table below gives you a brief idea about the animals and birds in the sand dunes.  Birds Sharp-shinned Hawk Golden Eagle Bald Eagle American Wigeon Northern Pintail Rough-legged Hawk Marsh Hawk Mammals Caribou Wolverine Muskox Snowshoe Hare Moose Gray Wolf Grizzly Bear Beaver Arctic Fox American Pine Marten Amphibians Wood Frog Fish Longnose Sucker Salmon* Northern Pike Alaska Blackfish Alaska Whitefish Humpback Whitefish Alaskan Stickleback Ninespine Stickleback  Human history in the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes is at least 8000 years old. They lived by the Kobuk River and were mainly focused on fishing, hunting, and trapping for survival. It is fascinating to visit the thousand-year-old hunting camps on the edges of the sand dunes.  The golden and shifting Great Kobuk Sand Dunes are located a few miles away from the Kobuk River. Further, the sand dunes soar up to 100 miles in the air.   Kobuk Valley National Park Is Also The Land Of Iñupiaq Subsistence  https://www.instagram.com/p/BWdjyOBl_Lw/ Human life, which started in the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes 8000 years ago, is still thriving with the mantra of subsistence. The Iñupiaq people here use the available natural resources to fulfil their physical needs and safeguard their spiritual and cultural requirements.   For example, they depend on caribou and salmon to feed themselves and their dogs. At the same time, caribou skin hide is extensively used to make parka jackets to combat Arctic winter. They also make mukluks or boots using reindeer skin to walk through the snow.   Further, the local people made baskets using birch and willow. Moreover, in darkness, caribou tallow or seal oil were the only ingredients to light up their stone lamps.   Irrespective of the trade with the coastal communities, the “customary, traditional and non-commercial” use of natural resources is still important in the park.   Iñupiat Ilitqusiat And Respecting The Ecosystem   https://www.instagram.com/p/CzjboNfsc4Y/ Aboriginal people in the Kobuk Valley National Park are committed to passing on their values from generation to generation. The Iñupiat Ilitqusiat value asks them to transfer the knowledge and skill of hunting and everything about life.  In addition, this transfer of knowledge helps to make the most of various seasons and subsistence opportunities. For example, the caribou season comes to this park after the salmon season.   Earlier, Noatak Valley was the destination for these people during the caribou season, and even today, some families move to Noatak Valley. Again, summer camping around the Kobuk River is common for fishing, especially catching salmon and whitefish.   Summer is also the season for harvesting berries and wild greens for the local people.  If you want to learn about the local people and their values, you must be respectful and understand their seasonal activities as a part of their subsistence practices.   Overall, the Kobuk Valley National Park is not just a place to see sand dunes and wildlife. It is a tapestry of human lives depending on nature.   Things To Know Before You Visit The Kobuk Valley National Park   For me, the sand dunes and Iñupiaq subsistence practices are the most fascinating things in the Kobuk Valley National Park. However, keep the following information handy if you are to pay a visit anytime soon.   Mode of Transport: Authorized air taxis from Kotzebue or Bettles  Visitor Center: Northwest Arctic Heritage Center  Entrance Fee: Free  Permits Required:  Commercial Use Authorization or CUA for commercial activities, Research Permits, Filming and Photography Permits  Activities to Do: Boating, fishing, camping and backpacking, hiking, flight-seeing and exploring nearby attractions  Best Time to Visit: June to July   Area: 1,750,000 Acres  Established: 2nd December, 1980  Number of Visitors: 17,616 (2023) (National Park Service Data)  Snowfall, downpours, and extreme weather conditions can occur in any season of the year. So, follow the instructions shared at the visitor center and keep your gear ready for survival!  

BY  Sibashree Feb 22, 2025

Shipping goods to Hawaii is a rather complicated process that requires understanding state and federal regulations. This article covers all bases on container shipping to Hawaii-whether from the shipping basics to regulations to factors affecting cost.  Understanding the Basics of Container Shipping to Hawaii  Container shipping to Hawaii of goods from the beginning to the end involves sea transportation in large shipping containers. As an island chain, Hawaii is more dependent on sea freight transport than most U.S. states, as shipping lines regularly run between the mainland and Hawaii.   Goods are usually loaded into a container at the port of origin, transported across the Pacific Ocean, and unloaded at a port in Hawaii.  To ensure your shipment is properly handled, it is important to understand the preparation and what to expect from the shipping situation.   There are regulations to be observed beyond selecting a shipping provider; should any of these regulations not be followed, your shipment might encounter delays and penalties.   Laws Affecting Shipping Containers, Permits, and Building Code Requirements in Hawaii  Shipping containers in Hawaii give rise to a different set of zoning laws, permits, or building code requirements, which can be very limited if one is interested in retrofitting or dairy goods in containers on the islands.   Good knowledge of these laws is essential because they are meant to maintain the state's safety, aesthetics, and environmental balance.  Zoning Laws  The zoning law in Hawaii would regulate the areas for placement of containers in residential, commercial, or industrial properties. Some places restrict the use of shipping containers for storage or habitation.   Local zoning ordinances differ from one county to another, and thus, it is very important for you to check on what sites have requirements for where you intend to ship or store your containers. Violating zoning law could cause you to be fined or have your containers removed.   Permits  In many instances, shipping containers need to be permitted before use on private property, specifically for commercial or construction purposes, as we have maintained.   For example, a building permit will almost certainly be necessary if containers are to be used for storage or adapted for habitation.   It is best to establish that your shipping containers require permits for usage and to be prepared to submit plans for approval with the local authority.   Building Code Requirements  Hawaii’s building codes are in place to ensure safety and guarantee that structures conform to specified environmental standards.   Shipping containers turned into living quarters and/or workplaces must abide by these codes.   Areas covered include structural integrity, ventilation, electrical wiring, plumbing, and insulation. Fines or dismantlement may come consequently if building code laws are violated.   State and Federal Regulations  Besides local regulations regarding container shipping to Hawaii, state and federal regulations govern the smooth coordination of shipping containers. They include:  USDA and APHIS Regulations  The U.S. Department of Agriculture and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service enforces standards for preventing the introduction of invasive species. Upon entering any container in Hawaii, inspection for pests and dirt will be mandatory.   Customs and Border Protection (CBP)  The Customs and Border Protection (CBP) will be able to inspect containers to ascertain whether they fit the federal import requirements.   Goods into Hawaii from any foreign country must comply with U.S. Customs. Ignoring these regulations can lead to serious legal consequences and shipment rejections.  Environmental Considerations  Hawaii is home to some of the most delicate ecosystems. Because of environmental protection laws, certain items may be prohibited from shipping here.   Tips for Compliance with Hawaii's Regulations  Additional value is given to these tips to put the shippers at ease while bypassing costly delays and fines:   Contact the Local Authorities  Interrogating the local authorities regarding arrival or intended container placement in Hawaii is also wise; it could be the county building department or the zoning office that can assist with the permits and inspections needed and requirements for shipping container use.  Prepare your Documentation  Good documentation will rule the waves. Your bill of lading, inspection records, shipping receipts, and permits should be assembled before the shipment so that no unexpected delays or issues arise on arrival.   Work with Licensed Contractors  Work with licensed contractors knowledgeable of Hawaii's building codes if you intend to convert a container into a structure, such as a house or office, to help ensure that your project follows the law and has all relevant documentation.   Factors Determining Cost of Shipping  Several factors determine the cost of shipping containers to Hawaii. An understanding of these factors would ensure proper budgeting on your part.  Origin of Shipment  The origin location of your container shipment may influence pricing. Moving cargo from the mainland United States is less expensive than moving cargo from foreign countries; this is due to distance, as well as customs necessities.  Moving/ Shipping Services Taken  The services you select, including door-to-door delivery or terminal-to-terminal shipping, will also affect the price. If you need additional services such as unpacking or installation, be ready to pay more.   Accessibility of Sites  Shipping costs may increase if your destination is in a more remote area in Hawaii or parts of the state with limited port access due to transport challenges.   Containers may need to be moved off the freight ship onto smaller vessels or trucks for delivery to the destination.  Weight of Shipment  A heavier shipment means it will be more expensive to ship. So, watch out for the weight of your container and try to minimize it by packing wisely.  Shipping Item Types  Some items may require special handling and/or permits, such as hazmat shipping and heavy-moving machinery, which costs extra. Always check restricted categories for your items.  Things You Cannot Ship in Your Container to Hawaii  Hawaii has very strict prohibitions under their regulations on certain things for environmental, health, and safety reasons. Some of the things you cannot ship:   Soils and plants: They are very strict about any invasive species; therefore, soil, plants, and plant products are strictly restricted.   Pests and insects: All the containers must be inspected for pests, and any of those that have carried insects or any other harmful organism will be refused entry.  Fresh Produce: Some fresh fruits and vegetables can also be banned because pests are introduced.  Animals and animal products: Certain animals or animal products can be very strict when imported into Hawaii.   Final Thoughts  Shipping to Hawaii involves a thorough understanding of local and federal regulations. You can smooth your shipment and any associated projects by following all zoning laws, obtaining relevant permits, and adhering to building codes.   Always seek local authorities’ assistance, prepare required documentation, and work with licensed professionals as necessary.   Remember, shipment origin, weight, and type of service will cause your costs to fluctuate, so it is wise to plan. Knowing what you can and cannot ship will help you avoid unnecessary hold-ups so your container shipment to Hawaii can go as planned. READ MORE: 7 Benefits Of Staying At A Beach Hotel The Stairway To Heaven Hawaii: Hiking Adventure’s Hidden Gem Nurturing Young Explorers: The Benefits Of Beach Camps In Nurturing Curiosity And Resilience

BY  Abdul Aziz Dec 26, 2023

With good reason, Mexico is one of the most sought-after travel destinations worldwide. However, not every area of Mexico is secure for tourists. Today, we will talk about the most dangerous cities in Mexico. According to the World of Statistics, nine Mexican cities are among the world's ten deadliest in 2022. There have been 512 homicides reported through the first seven months of the year, or an average of 73.1 per month. The murders are steadily on track to match or marginally exceed those numbers in 2023. The previous year saw 887 murders or an average of 73.91 homicides per month. Most Dangerous Cities In Mexico A recent study on wisevoter.com found that there were 36,579 murders in Mexico. This corresponded to the 4th-highest murder rate in the world, 28.37 per 100,000 people. The study found that men are eight times more likely than women to become murder victims. Here are some of the most dangerous cities in Mexico that you could wisely avoid if you are planning to visit: Acapulco Despite being one of the most dangerous cities in Mexico, Acapulco continues to draw large numbers of tourists due to its beaches. The rate of homicide in the city is 111 per 100,000 residents. Drug-related violence in Acapulco has increased dramatically as different cartels compete for control of the lucrative drug trade in the city. This city is located in Guerrero, a notorious state well-known for its high rates of violence. It witnesses regular chaos brought on by gang turf wars and heroin production. Tijuana Tijuana's high murder rate and drug-related violence make it the most dangerous city in Mexico. There are 138 homicides for every 100,000 people. Tijuana is the main gateway for drugs originating in South America, making it a hub for cartel activity. Due to its proximity to the US border, it is also a significant hub for organized crime and human trafficking. Based on data on homicide rates, Tijuana is the world's most dangerous city. Ciudad Victoria Ciudad Victoria, one of the most violent cities in Mexico, is situated in the state of Tamaulipas. This area is another hotbed of drug-related violence, with a homicide rate of 86 per 100,000 residents. Located just beyond the U.S. border, Tamaulipas makes it an entryway city as well. In Ciudad Victoria, members of the Northeast Cartel actively manage their businesses. Irapuato Irapuato, in the central state of Guanajuato, has witnessed a surge in drug-related homicides over the last three years. With a homicide rate of 81 per 100,000 residents, the city is among the least safe places for visitors. Even regrettably so for the residents who live there. Turf wars between the Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel and the Jalisco Cartel New Generation are primarily to blame for the murders that occur here. Cancun A spate of shootings, robberies, and attacks on tourists in Cancun were linked to cartels. Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador has recently issued a warning to travelers about the travel risks. This city is notorious for its high levels of violence. Yet it is far less deadly than other Mexican cities, with a homicide rate of 64 per 100,000 people. Uruapan For a mountainside city in Michoacan, Uruapan has seen a steady rise in violence; sadly, it appears that this violence will only get worse. This once peaceful town is now home to rival cartels that frequently switch names and hands. Killings take place in the most inconspicuous places, like bars and arcades. The current homicide rate in Uruapan is 55 per 100,000 residents. Culiacan Formerly regarded as a moderately dangerous city, Culiacan is currently the scene of a fatal conflict.  It happened after the apprehension of Ovidio Guzman, the son of cartel leader El Chapo. The city is Sinaloa's central city and has a homicide rate of 61 per 100,000 residents. Because of the Sinaloa Cartel's stronghold over the city and its populace, visiting tourists face extreme danger. Cuidad Obregon Sonora's second-biggest city, Cuidad Obregon, has gained notoriety recently. It ranks as the world's fourth most dangerous city in 2022. Not only has there been an increase in violence in Ciudad Obregon but also in the neighborhood of Cajame, which is the southernmost part of the state. It will take time to determine whether this sharp rise in crime will hold. There are currently 52 homicides for every 100,000 residents. Celaya According to the accounts, more than a thousand people were killed brutally every year. Theft, drug sales, and human trafficking have all increased, so the story is far from over. Taking a vacation in Celaya is risky. Celaya has 109.38 killings per 100,000 residents, making it one of the world's most dangerous cities right now. Coatzacoalcos Once a bustling tourist destination in Veracruz, Coatzacoalcos has a homicide rate of 48 per 100,000 residents. Perpetrators left nine bodies on the street. Among the top ten most dangerous cities in Mexico is this one because of murder, violent crime, and robbery. Ensenada The only other regions of Mexico with official travel advisories or restrictions are those located 1,400 miles away. Reports from the press and locals indicate a rise in violence. Locals and tourists, however, have not been impacted by this unrest. Violent killings have increased in Ensenada and Tijuana over the past few months, primarily occurring outside of the city center and at night. Although there are some risks in the unguarded neighborhoods further out, the city center is still very safe. Travel through the Vine Valley or on day trips are usually safe. Reynosa Reynosa is a prominent urban center located directly across the Rio Grande from the US border. Unfortunately, because of ongoing conflicts between criminal gangs, it has gained a reputation as one of Mexico's most dangerous cities. Traveling to this area due to the ongoing security concerns is high risk. However, it's crucial to understand that Reynosa, despite its unflattering reputation, is an important industrial center for the Rio Grande Valley and Northern Tamaulipas. The city drives a number of industrial activities and acts as a vital link in cross-border trade and commerce, significantly impacting the region's economic landscape. Reynosa continues to play an important role in connecting and promoting economic development in this region of Mexico, even with the ongoing security concerns. Chihuahua Due to concerns about crime and kidnapping, the U.S. State Department advises travelers to "Reconsider Travel" to Chihuahua. There is a lot of violent crime and gang activity in the area. Travelers should exercise caution even though the majority of criminal organizations commit murders that are targeted assassinations. Drug-related violence has escalated dramatically in northern Mexico over the last twelve years, especially in Chihuahua. Despite being relatively safer than other cities in the area, cartel violence is still a problem in Chihuahua. It's crucial to remember that most killings target drug dealers and their families; violent crimes rarely target tourists. There are military checkpoints throughout the city and its environs, and adherence to them is required. Wrapping Up It's critical to keep in mind that even though the state has a high rate of crime, not all of it is dangerous. For example, Illinois is not always a crime hotspot just because Chicago is. When it comes to organized crime and corruption, Tijuana, Ciudad Juarez, Victoria, Reynosa, and Culiacan are typically the worst cartel cities in Mexico. While you're organizing your next vacation, we hope this article will be helpful to you in determining which areas of Mexico are dangerous. If the location you're interested in doesn't appear on this list, it's probably not in one of Mexico's most dangerous regions. And as long as you exercise common sense caution, you should be alright. If you have thoughts to share or questions to ask about the most dangerous cities in Mexico, please leave a comment below. We would love to hear from you! Read Also: Navigating The Unseen: Exploring The Most Dangerous Country In The World Heatwaves And Adventure: Traveling To The World’s Hottest Destination Crime And Caution: Navigating The Dark Side Of California’s Cities Is Costa Rica Safe For Visit For Travelling?