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BY  Sibashree Sep 11, 2024

Kobuk Valley National Park is surreal! Have you ever thought to meet sand dunes in the Arctic Circle? The unique geology of the park makes it possible. That’s not all! The Great Kobuk sand dunes stand here, along with the remains of the North American continental glaciers.  Three of the sand dunes in this national park are active or alive. The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, Hunt River Dunes, and Little Kobuk Sand Dunes here cover a mesmerizing 20,000 acres of area in the park.   Today, hiking through these dunes is one of the most popular activities in the Kobuk Valley National Park.   While it is visually unusual or unexpected to see sand dunes in an Arctic National Park, you also need to understand that the Arctic region gets very little rainfall every year. So, this is also a desert region.   “Sand dunes in the Arctic landscape are not what you would expect. Since most people associate sand dunes with a hot desert environment, it is a visually unusual thing to see. In fact, what most people don't realize is that the Arctic is also a desert with very low levels of rainfall.”   - Christian, a Kobuk Valley National Park Worker  Having said that, how the sand dunes came to be here, and the experience of exploring them, will be a great thing to discuss in this article.   This Is How The Kobuk Valley National Park Became The Land Of Sand Dunes   Much of Alaska, including the Kobuk Valley National Park, falls in the Tundra region. Tundra, the coldest of the biomes, gets only around 150 to 250 mm of rainfall and snowfall yearly1. So, the national park has less rainfall than some of the most well-known deserts in the world.   Further, the sand dunes in the Kobuk Valley are as old as the Ice Age. Now, as the mighty glaciers moved forward and made a retreat, the rocks beneath were ground. Now, the blowing wind transported the sand into the empty and ice-free Kobuk Valley. The sand dunes in the park are up to 150 feet high, and they are the biggest, high-altitude, and most importantly, “active sand fields” on Earth.   In The Land Of The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes  Are you in the Sahara? No, you are around 35 miles above the Arctic Circle and still find the largest active sand dune field in the world. Today, it is a popular backpacking, hiking, and camping destination in the National Park. You must visit the Northwest Arctic Heritage Center to learn more about the outdoor pursuits in the land of sand dunes.  Let’s quickly look at why the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes is a preferred destination for camping, hiking, and backpacking.  The sand is steady enough for the landing of an aircraft with wheels.  You can put up your tent on any level surface.  Also, you can hike in any direction.  Further, you can board a float plane and reach the Kobuk River. From there, you can take a backpacking tour for around two miles and reach the dunes.  You must visit the Kotzebue Visitor Center if you have plans to take this backpacking journey to and from the Kobuk River.   There is no marked route for hiking.  In summer, the temperature in the sand dunes can reach up to 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Also, fall is the season to see caribou migration here.   However, there’s more to it! Let’s learn about the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes as relics of the Ice Age and how life thrived here.   Great Kobuk Sand Dunes: The Relics Of The Ice Age   To know about the formation of the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, we must go back to the Ice Age. Around 28000 years ago, glaciers in the mountains formed. I have already discussed how the glaciers ground the rocks and wind deposited them in the Kobuk Valley.   Further, approximately 14000 years ago, the glaciers made a massive retreat. As a result, there were 200,000 acres of sandy land formation on the river banks. Complex Holocene activities and geomorphic processes keep the sand dune field at the Kobuk Valley National Park active or alive. Along with the Kobuk Valley, small lakes in the park have also accumulated sand over thousands of years.   However, most of the landscape today is occupied by the vegetation of the national park. Also, the sand dune area consists of only 20,000 acres. The vegetation found here consists of the following varieties.  Wild rye  Grasses  Sedges  Kobuk locoweed  Wildflowers blooming occasionally  These species grow on the shifting sand, and they function as stabilizing agents. You can see shrubs, lichens, mosses, and algae following this vegetation. Finally, there are spruce, birch, and aspen trees covering the landscape.    The slopes of the Kobuk Valley sand dunes are the only place where Kobuk locoweeds grow. These plants belong to the pea family, and they are known for their purple flowers. If you want to see these flowers, you must visit the park in late June and July.   The inland dune field of Kobuk Valley National Park is surrounded by boreal forest.   Humans And Wildlife In The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes  It’s amazing to see the Western Arctic Caribou walking through the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes. Fall and spring are the migration seasons for these animals. The north of the Brooks Range is the caribou herd’s calving ground, and they migrate to and from this place.   As the caribou herds pass through the sand dunes, their footprints remain in the ground for the longest time. According to National Park Service data, around 250,000 caribou pass through this national park annually.   No wonder that the Kobuk Valley National Park is one of the “last great migrations” remaining in the world. The table below gives you a brief idea of the animals and birds in the sand dunes.  Birds •Sharp-shinned Hawk •Golden Eagle •Bald Eagle •American Wigeon •Northern Pintail •Rough-legged Hawk •Marsh Hawk Mammals •Caribou •Wolverine •Muskox •Snowshoe Hare •Moose •Gray Wolf •Grizzly Bear •Beaver •Arctic Fox •American Pine Marten Amphibians Wood Frog Fish •Longnose Sucker •Salmon* •Northern Pike •Alaska Blackfish •Alaska Whitefish •Humpback Whitefish •Alaskan Stickleback •Ninespine Stickleback  Human history in the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes is at least 8000 years old. They lived by the Kobuk River and were mainly focused on fishing, hunting, and trapping for survival. It is fascinating to visit the thousand-year-old hunting camps on the edges of the sand dunes.  The golden and shifting Great Kobuk Sand Dunes are located a few miles away from the Kobuk River. Further, the sand dunes soar up to 100 miles in the air.   Kobuk Valley National Park Is Also The Land Of Iñupiaq Subsistence  Human life, which started in the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes 8000 years ago, is still thriving with the mantra of subsistence. The Iñupiaq people here use the available natural resources to fulfil their physical needs and safeguard their spiritual and cultural requirements.   For example, they depend on caribou and salmon to feed themselves and their dogs. At the same time, caribou skin hide is extensively used to make parka jackets to combat Arctic winter. They also make mukluks or boots using reindeer skin to walk through the snow.   Further, the local people made baskets using birch and willow. Moreover, in darkness, caribou tallow or seal oil were the only ingredients to light up their stone lamps.   Irrespective of the trade with the coastal communities, the “customary, traditional and non-commercial” use of natural resources is still important in the park.   Iñupiat Ilitqusiat And Respecting The Ecosystem   Aboriginal people in the Kobuk Valley National Park are committed to passing on their values from generation to generation. The Iñupiat Ilitqusiat value asks them to transfer the knowledge and skill of hunting and everything about life.  In addition, this transfer of knowledge helps to make the most of various seasons and subsistence opportunities. For example, the caribou season comes to this park after the salmon season.   Earlier, Noatak Valley was the destination for these people during the caribou season, and even today, some families move to Noatak Valley. Again, summer camping around the Kobuk River is common for fishing, especially catching salmon and whitefish.   Summer is also the season for harvesting berries and wild greens for the local people.  If you want to learn about the local people and their values, you must be respectful and understand their seasonal activities as a part of their subsistence practices.   Overall, the Kobuk Valley National Park is not just a place to see sand dunes and wildlife. It is a tapestry of human lives depending on nature.   Things To Know Before You Visit The Kobuk Valley National Park   For me, the sand dunes and Iñupiaq subsistence practices are the most fascinating things in the Kobuk Valley National Park. However, keep the following information handy if you are to pay a visit anytime soon.   Mode of Transport: Authorized air taxis from Kotzebue or Bettles  Visitor Center: Northwest Arctic Heritage Center  Entrance Fee: Free  Permits Required:  Commercial Use Authorization (CUA) for commercial activities, Research Permits, Filming and Photography Permits  Activities to Do: Boating, fishing, camping and backpacking, hiking, flight-seeing, and exploring nearby attractions  Best Time to Visit: June to July   Area: 1,750,000 Acres  Established: 2nd December, 1980  Number of Visitors: 17,616 (2023) (National Park Service Data)  Snowfall, downpours, and extreme weather conditions can occur in any season of the year. So, follow the instructions shared at the visitor center and keep your gear ready for survival!  

BY  Sibashree Jan 30, 2025

Despite having famous cultural trails and many important museums in the USA, Indianapolis tourism has always been affected by safety concerns. Is Indianapolis safe? This is the question that people keep asking, considering the high crime rate.  2024 was a relatively good year for Indianapolis, as the crime rates decreased from 2023.  So, Indiana's public safety leaders are planning to keep the momentum with public safety plans.  Further, there are endeavors to bring positive changes in the community. So, despite having a 43.82 crime rate and 100 homicides taking place in Indianapolis in 2024, it is making every effort to change for the better.   Moreover, the homicide rate in the state has gone down consistently every year since 2021. So, is Indianapolis safe to travel to? You can travel to some parts of the state, as they are safer.  Do you want to know about these safer areas in Indianapolis? Here is the list with brief details about the places to visit. Is Indianapolis Safe? Yes, You Can Visit The Following Places  Indianapolis has a crime rate way higher than the national average. However, that does not indicate that all parts of Indianapolis are crime-infested.  For example, the downtown area and the neighborhoods in the northeast have higher crime rates. On the other hand, Greenwood, Carmel, and Zionsville have lower crime rates. So, learn where you will stay in Indianapolis during your next trip. 1. Zionsville In Boone County, Zionsville has remarkably maintained a low crime rate (1 in 1000). The first place of attraction in Zionsville is Traders Point Creamery. It is a 19th-century dairy barn promoting a farm-to-table culture in Zionsville.  You can even visit the Fanimation Antique Fan Museum, Zionsville Nature Center, and the Starkey Nature Park in Zionsville.  2. West Lafayette If you want to live in a place filled with a youthful vibe, West Lafayette in Tippecanoe County will be your instant favorite. Here, the crime rate is low (1 in 1000).  West Lafayette has many places of tourist attractions, and Purdue University is the best among them. The Ross-Ade Stadium, Mackey Arena, Fort Ouiatenon, and Lily Nature Center are some favorites of locals and tourists in West Lafayette.  3. Fishers Fishers, a growing suburb bordering Carmel, is one of the safest places to visit in Indianapolis. Ritchey Woods Nature Preserve is one of the most prominent tourist attractions in Fishers.  Further, you can visit the Conner Prairie Museum, Flat Fork Creek Park, Cheeny Creek National Park, etc., to spend some time in nature in Fishers.  4. Highland Along the southern tip of Lake Michigan, Highland in Indianapolis is one of the safest places in Indianapolis. Highland is a great place to visit in Indianapolis. Also, its proximity to Chicago makes it accessible.   5. Brownsburg Brownsburg has been growing in the last few decades, and when asked if Indianapolis is safe or not, Brownsburg is the place you need to visit.  Furthermore, Brownsburg has visitor attractions like Williams Park and Natural Valley Ranch. 6. Crown Point Lake County, in northwest Indiana, has Crown Point, one of the most peaceful places in Indianapolis. So, if you want to know if Indianapolis is safe, Crown Point can be your go-to destination.  Crown Point is also close to Chicago, and you will love the quintessential small-town vibe here. Moreover, the places to visit here are Lemon Lake County Park and Lake County Historical Museum.  7. Avon Avon in Hendricks County has the best amenities and is known for its public parks. Further, just 20 minutes away from Indianapolis, Avon, the newest community here, is also growing at the fastest pace.  The places to visit are Washington Township Park, Avon Town Hall Park, and the most beautiful Avon Gardens.  Moreover, don’t miss a bite of the pork tenderloin sandwich when you are in Avon. The Coachman Restaurant & Lounge is one such place for indulging in gastronomic delight.  8. Dyer Dyer, a safer place in Indianapolis, has many public parks. When in Dyer, you will get to drive along the Ideal Stretch. It was a manifestation of the vision of having a coast-to-coast rock highway by Carl G. Fisher.  It was the first paved road in Indianapolis. Further, Meyer's Castle is an important historic landmark in the city.  Moreover, don’t miss a gastronomic delight at DOC's Smokehouse & Craft Bar. Here, everything you get is made using fresh and local ingredients.  9. Carmel Carmel, nestled in Hamilton County, has the second-lowest crime rate in Indianapolis. You will find the Monon Trail here, where you can hike, bike, and explore the city's hotspots. Further, Carmel will never disappoint you with its copious dining and entertainment options. You can visit the Clay Terrace, a community lifestyle center.  Moreover, you can explore dining options here at Juniper on Main at 110 E Main Street, Carmel. It serves amazing crabs and deviled eggs; you can reach them at (317) 591-9254.  10. Greenwood Located in Johnson County, Indianapolis, Greenwood has a Farmer's Market and a distinct vibe that distinguishes it from the hustle and bustle of Indianapolis.  The places to visit are the Greenwood Park Mall, Old City Park, shopping malls, etc.  Is Indianapolis Safe? A Tour And Travel Note On Safety Tips  The Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department (IMPD) works closely with the local community to maintain law and order in Indianapolis. Furthermore, the local people here are very welcoming.  Still, you need to follow some safety tips if you are planning a trip to Indiana, and here they are! Do A Little Research About The Place You Want To Visit As I have already shared a list of safer areas in Indianapolis, you can choose your place to stay or vacation.  Avoid Walking Alone At Night This is like a thumb rule when you are new to a city. So, even if you are staying in Zionsville or some of the safer places in Indianapolis, you must not wander around the city alone. And you must especially avoid areas like the Canal Walk or Downtown at night.  Seek Assistance From A Local Guide If you want to explore the nearby neighborhood or want to learn about Indianapolis culture, you can seek assistance from a local guide.  Further, you can join a community tour conducted by a local tour operator if you are new to the city and want to explore new places.  Also read Top 10 Most Popular Paraguay Food That You Must Try. Top 13+ Famous Wonders Of India That You Must Visit. Top Tips For Motorbike Rental In Phuket – A Guide To Exploring The Island On Two Wheels.

BY  Mashum Mar 7, 2024

For 38 of Americans, dwindling spending power has become a major deterrent that is dampening their travel plans. This 2025 data from The Hill is alarming. If economic woes and rising prices are keeping you from vacationing overseas, why not consider exploring the US for a change of pace and scenery? Its sweeping terrain provides plenty of options, whether you’re looking to unwind at a sunny beach or go skiing on a snow-covered mountain. However, traveling in the US could expose you to various risks, just like overseas destinations.  So, being mindful of them and taking extra precautions will go a long way in making your vacation enjoyable and worry-free. Common Pitfalls To Avoid When Traveling In The US Here are the safety hazards you stand to encounter during your US travels. Accommodation Scams  Fraudsters often impersonate well-known hotel operators to direct travelers to malicious websites.  Such sites are usually set up to steal credit card and other personal information of anyone booking a room, which scammers could later use for financial fraud. Sometimes, the deceptive acts are much more subtle yet could leave you in equal despair.  Consider for a moment an accommodation ad that provides exaggerated or inaccurate details or omits critical information to mislead you.  This is a prevalent trick shady accommodation owners deploy to overcharge guests and secure bookings during off-peak travel seasons. Deceptive Tour Operators Scammers may offer promotional deals via online ads, messages, emails, and telemarketing calls in a bid to attract travelers hunting for bargains. But these promotions could quickly turn your dream vacation into a nightmare if you don’t watch out.  Remember, malicious actors could use fabricated travel packages to steal both your money and personal data. Taxi Meter Fraud Dishonest taxi drivers could overcharge passengers by keeping the meter switched off.  Sometimes, they may have the meter on but will reset it as soon as they reach the destination, preventing you from checking the distance and fare. Luggage Theft When dropping you off at the hotel or airport, fraudulent drivers could unload only part of your luggage and drive away with the rest.  This type of theft can occur when you’re distracted or not paying close attention to your belongings. Rental Service Fraud Many Americans rent cars during domestic travel.  Bad actors can make this an opportunity to charge them for pre-existing damage when they return the vehicle.  Without proper documentation, it becomes difficult for clients to prove that the damage was already there, resulting in unfair charges. Shady Locals There are numerous ways fraudsters could make money around popular travel hotspots.  One technique is taking the guise of friendly locals offering free personal tours and recommendations. But often, these con artists will take you to expensive shops and cafés that pay them a commission for bringing paying customers.  They could also get you entangled in various scams under the pretext of helping you. Wi-Fi Hacking Cybercriminals frequently hack into unsecured networks to steal useful data, such as payment information and account passwords.  If you are in the habit of using public Wi-Fi, this is a critical threat you must guard against. How Can You Ensure Your Travel Safety in the US?  The cost and hassle of experiencing a scam or other travel hazard can make anyone weary of traveling.  But you can avoid many of them by following the safety tips listed below. Seek Recommendations Whether you want to reserve a hotel room or rent a car, personal recommendations are essential for selecting legitimate service providers.  Today, there are many authentic reviews online that could help you assess travel services and make informed decisions. Use Reputed Online Platforms If you are using a well-known travel platform, type its website address in the search bar to avoid visiting spoofed websites. When you don’t know much about a vendor, make the reservation through a reputed travel booking site, such as hotel.com or booking.com.  These platforms typically screen individuals and businesses before accepting their listings and have safety features to protect customers. Be Cautious About Unsolicited Promotions Emails, messages, phone calls, and social media ads are popular mediums for travel scams that imitate reputed businesses.  Therefore, verifying their sources is important for detecting and avoiding fraud. For instance, check whether the email addresses match the ones used earlier by the relevant organizations.  Reverse search phone numbers on Nuwber to confirm they’re related to the mentioned companies. And if there are links or attachments, it is best not to click on them.  These could download malware and compromise your financial data security. Use a Ride-Hailing App This is the easiest solution to avoid taxi scams.  Uber, Lyft, and similar apps can help you secure a fair price, find a safe driver, and take the fastest route to your destination.  However, if you need to take a regular taxi, check whether the meter is on. If it’s not, find another cab. Watch Your Belongings  Whether you use a taxi or public transportation, keeping an eye on your luggage and other belongings is essential.  Don’t forget to pack light and leave your valuables at home. Check Before Renting When you are renting a vehicle or any other item during your travels, inspect it carefully before signing the rental agreement and providing a deposit.  If you notice any dents, scratches, or other obvious damage, point it out to the rental service provider, take photos, and put it down in writing. Use Secure Internet Connections Mobile data is the safest option to avoid cyber threats associated with unsecured networks.  When you need to log into public Wi-Fi, always select one protected by a password. Plan Ahead Doing your homework before traveling is a must to minimize dependency on strangers.  Research the destination and the travel spots you want to explore and learn about entrance fees, opening times, location, and special requirements.  Also, note down their official contact numbers so you won’t need to rely on others for information. Two More US Travel Pitfalls: ID Rules And Hidden Lodging Fees The scams above involve deliberate fraud. However, two other problems catch travelers out every year without anyone doing anything wrong. These are an ID that no longer works at airport security, and extra charges that appear after you book.  Both are easy to avoid with a little preparation. Check Your ID Before You Fly Since 7 May 2025, boarding a domestic US flight requires a REAL ID or another acceptable document, such as a passport, as CNBC reported.  Since 1 February 2026, adults who arrive without one can pay $45 to use TSA ConfirmID, which covers a 10-day travel period, according to the TSA.  TSA also warns that the process can take up to 30 minutes and can cause a missed flight if you have not paid in advance. So it is a costly surprise to discover at the checkpoint. A REAL ID carries a black or gold star in the upper corner.  If yours does not, apply for one or pack your passport.  And in keeping with the spoofed-website warning above, pay the ConfirmID fee only through the official TSA.gov page. Read The Total Price, Not Just The Nightly Rate Since 12 May 2025, a Federal Trade Commission rule has required hotels and short-term rentals to display the total price. It includes mandatory fees such as resort fees and upfront fees.  Some costs, such as taxes, can still be shown later, but they must be disclosed before you enter payment details.  The rule does not ban or cap fees; it only requires that they be disclosed In practice, compare the all-in price across listings rather than the headline nightly rate, screenshot the total on your booking page, and question anything at check-in that does not match it.  Also ask whether a fee is charged per night or per stay, and note the cancellation deadline, since both can change what a “cheap” room really costs.  If the price you are charged is higher than the total you were shown, raise it with the property or booking platform in writing straight away. A Two-Minute Pre-Trip Checklist Before you leave, confirm that your ID has the REAL ID star or that your passport is packed. Screenshot your hotel’s total price and confirmation email, and photograph your rental car from every angle.  Add these to the precautions above, and most of the common US travel pitfalls become much easier to avoid. To Recap  Accommodation owners, tour operators, taxi drivers, rental service providers, shady locals, and even cybercriminals can target unsuspecting travelers in the US for various deceptive schemes. Some threats may have more severe consequences than others. However, they could all sap the joy out of your much-awaited vacation. So, be mindful of common hazards and take adequate precautions for your travel safety. Read Also: Traveling To Korea? Here’s Your Must-Try Korean Food Top 15 Restaurants In Colombia You Must Visit While Traveling Top 11 Outlets In Massachusetts You Can Visit While Traveling