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BY  Sibashree Sep 11, 2024

Kobuk Valley National Park is surreal! Have you ever thought to meet sand dunes in the Arctic Circle? The unique geology of the park makes it possible. That’s not all! The Great Kobuk sand dunes stand here, along with the remains of the North American continental glaciers.  Three of the sand dunes in this national park are active or alive. The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, Hunt River Dunes, and Little Kobuk Sand Dunes here cover a mesmerizing 20,000 acres of area in the park.   Today, hiking through these dunes is one of the most popular activities in the Kobuk Valley National Park.   While it is visually unusual or unexpected to see sand dunes in an Arctic National Park, you also need to understand that the Arctic region gets very little rainfall every year. So, this is also a desert region.   “Sand dunes in the Arctic landscape are not what you would expect. Since most people associate sand dunes with a hot desert environment, it is a visually unusual thing to see. In fact, what most people don't realize is that the Arctic is also a desert with very low levels of rainfall.”   - Christian, a Kobuk Valley National Park Worker  Having said that, how the sand dunes came to be here, and the experience of exploring them, will be a great thing to discuss in this article.   This Is How The Kobuk Valley National Park Became The Land Of Sand Dunes   Much of Alaska, including the Kobuk Valley National Park, falls in the Tundra region. Tundra, the coldest of the biomes, gets only around 150 to 250 mm of rainfall and snowfall yearly1. So, the national park has less rainfall than some of the most well-known deserts in the world.   Further, the sand dunes in the Kobuk Valley are as old as the Ice Age. Now, as the mighty glaciers moved forward and made a retreat, the rocks beneath were ground. Now, the blowing wind transported the sand into the empty and ice-free Kobuk Valley. The sand dunes in the park are up to 150 feet high, and they are the biggest, high-altitude, and most importantly, “active sand fields” on Earth.   In The Land Of The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes  Are you in the Sahara? No, you are around 35 miles above the Arctic Circle and still find the largest active sand dune field in the world. Today, it is a popular backpacking, hiking, and camping destination in the National Park. You must visit the Northwest Arctic Heritage Center to learn more about the outdoor pursuits in the land of sand dunes.  Let’s quickly look at why the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes is a preferred destination for camping, hiking, and backpacking.  The sand is steady enough for the landing of an aircraft with wheels.  You can put up your tent on any level surface.  Also, you can hike in any direction.  Further, you can board a float plane and reach the Kobuk River. From there, you can take a backpacking tour for around two miles and reach the dunes.  You must visit the Kotzebue Visitor Center if you have plans to take this backpacking journey to and from the Kobuk River.   There is no marked route for hiking.  In summer, the temperature in the sand dunes can reach up to 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Also, fall is the season to see caribou migration here.   However, there’s more to it! Let’s learn about the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes as relics of the Ice Age and how life thrived here.   Great Kobuk Sand Dunes: The Relics Of The Ice Age   To know about the formation of the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, we must go back to the Ice Age. Around 28000 years ago, glaciers in the mountains formed. I have already discussed how the glaciers ground the rocks and wind deposited them in the Kobuk Valley.   Further, approximately 14000 years ago, the glaciers made a massive retreat. As a result, there were 200,000 acres of sandy land formation on the river banks. Complex Holocene activities and geomorphic processes keep the sand dune field at the Kobuk Valley National Park active or alive. Along with the Kobuk Valley, small lakes in the park have also accumulated sand over thousands of years.   However, most of the landscape today is occupied by the vegetation of the national park. Also, the sand dune area consists of only 20,000 acres. The vegetation found here consists of the following varieties.  Wild rye  Grasses  Sedges  Kobuk locoweed  Wildflowers blooming occasionally  These species grow on the shifting sand, and they function as stabilizing agents. You can see shrubs, lichens, mosses, and algae following this vegetation. Finally, there are spruce, birch, and aspen trees covering the landscape.    The slopes of the Kobuk Valley sand dunes are the only place where Kobuk locoweeds grow. These plants belong to the pea family, and they are known for their purple flowers. If you want to see these flowers, you must visit the park in late June and July.   The inland dune field of Kobuk Valley National Park is surrounded by boreal forest.   Humans And Wildlife In The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes  It’s amazing to see the Western Arctic Caribou walking through the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes. Fall and spring are the migration seasons for these animals. The north of the Brooks Range is the caribou herd’s calving ground, and they migrate to and from this place.   As the caribou herds pass through the sand dunes, their footprints remain in the ground for the longest time. According to National Park Service data, around 250,000 caribou pass through this national park annually.   No wonder that the Kobuk Valley National Park is one of the “last great migrations” remaining in the world. The table below gives you a brief idea of the animals and birds in the sand dunes.  Birds •Sharp-shinned Hawk •Golden Eagle •Bald Eagle •American Wigeon •Northern Pintail •Rough-legged Hawk •Marsh Hawk Mammals •Caribou •Wolverine •Muskox •Snowshoe Hare •Moose •Gray Wolf •Grizzly Bear •Beaver •Arctic Fox •American Pine Marten Amphibians Wood Frog Fish •Longnose Sucker •Salmon* •Northern Pike •Alaska Blackfish •Alaska Whitefish •Humpback Whitefish •Alaskan Stickleback •Ninespine Stickleback  Human history in the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes is at least 8000 years old. They lived by the Kobuk River and were mainly focused on fishing, hunting, and trapping for survival. It is fascinating to visit the thousand-year-old hunting camps on the edges of the sand dunes.  The golden and shifting Great Kobuk Sand Dunes are located a few miles away from the Kobuk River. Further, the sand dunes soar up to 100 miles in the air.   Kobuk Valley National Park Is Also The Land Of Iñupiaq Subsistence  Human life, which started in the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes 8000 years ago, is still thriving with the mantra of subsistence. The Iñupiaq people here use the available natural resources to fulfil their physical needs and safeguard their spiritual and cultural requirements.   For example, they depend on caribou and salmon to feed themselves and their dogs. At the same time, caribou skin hide is extensively used to make parka jackets to combat Arctic winter. They also make mukluks or boots using reindeer skin to walk through the snow.   Further, the local people made baskets using birch and willow. Moreover, in darkness, caribou tallow or seal oil were the only ingredients to light up their stone lamps.   Irrespective of the trade with the coastal communities, the “customary, traditional and non-commercial” use of natural resources is still important in the park.   Iñupiat Ilitqusiat And Respecting The Ecosystem   Aboriginal people in the Kobuk Valley National Park are committed to passing on their values from generation to generation. The Iñupiat Ilitqusiat value asks them to transfer the knowledge and skill of hunting and everything about life.  In addition, this transfer of knowledge helps to make the most of various seasons and subsistence opportunities. For example, the caribou season comes to this park after the salmon season.   Earlier, Noatak Valley was the destination for these people during the caribou season, and even today, some families move to Noatak Valley. Again, summer camping around the Kobuk River is common for fishing, especially catching salmon and whitefish.   Summer is also the season for harvesting berries and wild greens for the local people.  If you want to learn about the local people and their values, you must be respectful and understand their seasonal activities as a part of their subsistence practices.   Overall, the Kobuk Valley National Park is not just a place to see sand dunes and wildlife. It is a tapestry of human lives depending on nature.   Things To Know Before You Visit The Kobuk Valley National Park   For me, the sand dunes and Iñupiaq subsistence practices are the most fascinating things in the Kobuk Valley National Park. However, keep the following information handy if you are to pay a visit anytime soon.   Mode of Transport: Authorized air taxis from Kotzebue or Bettles  Visitor Center: Northwest Arctic Heritage Center  Entrance Fee: Free  Permits Required:  Commercial Use Authorization (CUA) for commercial activities, Research Permits, Filming and Photography Permits  Activities to Do: Boating, fishing, camping and backpacking, hiking, flight-seeing, and exploring nearby attractions  Best Time to Visit: June to July   Area: 1,750,000 Acres  Established: 2nd December, 1980  Number of Visitors: 17,616 (2023) (National Park Service Data)  Snowfall, downpours, and extreme weather conditions can occur in any season of the year. So, follow the instructions shared at the visitor center and keep your gear ready for survival!  

BY  Abdul Aziz Oct 19, 2023

This outdoor oasis in the South is a solid wanderlust attraction.   A scenic city that is always on the move can be your next perfect weekend getaway.   The city is bustling with energy on a typical afternoon.  You will see its locals as well as weekenders venturing into the Tennessee River along with their boards and boats.   The bikers go up and down the hilly streets through the town, running and walking down the pedestrian bridge and playing with frisbees in the numerous parks.   The parks look neat, being hedged by bike lanes and carefully placed benches. Public art makes the town come alive with color and socio-cultural significance.  The number of things that will stay with you long after you visit this town is too many.  However, one of them will be the food and the restaurants.   There are also a lot of adventures to be had outdoors in this character-filled city.   If you are looking for some weekend fun or a short trip to feel rejuvenated, this city is close by and has a lot to offer.  This is going to be the best weekend spot for you, and we have brought you the best of it. Here are some of the most fun and memorable things to do in Chattanooga. Things To Do In Chattanooga hotels.com Here are some of the best things to do in Chattanooga that will stay imprinted in your memory. Tennessee Aquarium tnaqua.org One of the fun things to do in Chattanooga is visiting the aquarium.   This aquarium has two buildings. There is River Journey, which showcases the freshwater habitats from around the world.  Also, the Ocean Journey treats visitors to magnificent views of sea creatures and ocean life.   You must spend at least three hours while visiting to take in a good fraction of the 10,000 animals that are here.   If you are looking for things to do in Chattanooga with kids, they will love the adorable macaroni penguins and dreamy sea jellies.  Try visiting on a weekday, as it gets busier on weekends, for a more authentic experience.   If you are looking for free things to do in Chattanooga, the city also offers a free shuttle to get here, making the experience pocket-friendly. Lookout Mountain cntraveler.com There are three scenic attractions this mountain ridge has to offer.   There are the Ruby Falls, Rock City, and the Incline Railway.   Ruby Falls is the United States' deepest and tallest underground waterfall, standing at 260 feet.   Rock City is where one can see seven states from the iconic Lover's Leap.   And when you hop on the Incline Railway, you will be witnessing the steepest passenger railway on Earth.  You need to spend a minimum of 4 hours at these mountains to gauge the highlights of the spot.   Each of the three attractions has separate expenses, and the tickets are known to sell out fast. Raccoon Mountain Caverns wikimedia.org The Raccoon Mountain Caverns are located 1.3 miles off I-24 at the Lookout Valley exit.   It is less than 10 minutes from downtown Chattanooga.   This mountain offers views of a cave in its natural state that has thousands of diverse rock formations.   There are stalagmites, stalactites, flowstone, delicate soda straws, rimstone pools, columns, draperies, natural bridges, and a rare shield formation.  It also offers many wild cave “spelunking” expeditions for all those who want to go deeper into the caves and explore the mountain.   An expedition to the waterfall dome allows visitors to get to the place with the view of the tallest underground, unassisted, naturally flowing waterfall. Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum wp.com This nostalgic train trip will offer aesthetically restored vintage locomotives and passenger cars that encase the intricate craftsmanship of ages long gone.   The ride will take you through the beautiful Tennessee countryside that has awe-inspiring views bound to make you reflect on the simpler times of the past.   The museum's exhibit has an impressive set of artifacts, old photographs, and other memorabilia that help bring the rich railroading history to life.  The staff here are highly knowledgeable and will eagerly share information on railroad history while being dressed in period attire.   The experience will provide you with lots of fascinating insights whether you are a history buff or otherwise.  Ruby Falls simpleviewinc.com This one is the deepest and tallest underground waterfall that is open for public access in the States.   There are guided tours such as the classic waterfall tour, the lantern tour, and the extended cavern experience tour.   The tour will take you along its beautiful cavern trail to a gorgeous waterfall that is surrounded by old geological formations that took millennia to form.   There are also extensively picturesque views of the Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee Valley, and the Tennessee River from the top of the Lookout Mountain Tower.   The tours fill up pretty quickly. You must purchase the tickets online in advance for increased availability.  Chattanooga Whiskey Experimental Distillery chattanoogawhiskey.com One of the other things to do in Chattanooga for adults is to visit the whiskey distillery.   This distillery is the first ever to craft whiskey in Chattanooga in over a hundred years.   It boasts over 100 different barrels that mature in an aging cellar.   Each visit to the distillery is an ode to the past, present, and future of handmade bourbon.   You can reserve a tour and tasting trip to check out their latest craft.   This can also be one of the things to do in Chattanooga for couples.  You must be 21+ with a physical and valid ID.  Creative Discovery Museum This museum is a hands-on children's museum at the very heart of downtown Chattanooga.   It inspires children of all ages to innovate, explore, play, and create.   The exhibits entertain as well as educate children on exploring the world around them.   They become inquisitive about art, science, music, water exploration, and dinosaur digging.  Moreover, it was rated number #7 by by Trekkr as one of the children's museums in the U.S. in 2015. Getting To Chattanooga And Best Time To Visit Chattanooga has many outdoor attractions packed into one weekend itinerary.  It helps to know how to get to Chattanooga in the first place and which season sets you up for the smoothest trip.  How To Get There  Chattanooga sits at the crossroads of I-24, I-75, and I-59.  So, it is an easy weekend drive for a wide swath of the Southeast.  It is roughly two hours from Atlanta, about two and a half hours from Nashville, and around an hour and a half from Knoxville.   If you're flying, Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport (CHA) has direct connections to a handful of major hubs.  However, many travelers find it cheaper and just as convenient to fly into Atlanta or Nashville and drive the rest of the way.  It happens especially since several of the attractions on this list, like Lookout Mountain and Raccoon Mountain Caverns, are more enjoyable with a car anyway.   Downtown Chattanooga itself is walkable once you've arrived, with the Walnut Street Bridge connecting the main riverfront attractions on foot.  Best Season For Your Visit  Spring (April-May) and fall (September-October) are the best times to visit.  Mild temperatures in these months make hiking Lookout Mountain, biking along the river, and walking the Walnut Street Bridge genuinely comfortable.  Also, fall brings vivid foliage across the surrounding ridges.   Summer is Chattanooga's busiest season thanks to river sports and boating on the Tennessee River.  However, it also brings heat and humidity that can make the Raccoon Mountain Caverns tour and Lookout Mountain's outdoor attractions feel like more of a workout.  You must book tickets for Ruby Falls and Rock City in advance during these peak months.   They get sold out quickly.  Winter is quieter and less crowded across the board.  Some outdoor activities scale back.  However, the Tennessee Aquarium and Creative Discovery Museum make for a comfortable cold-weather visit with far shorter lines. Chattanooga Is Not Just For Kids Chattanooga sure has everything you could want for a short trip away from the hustle of the city.   If you want to know about things to do in Chattanooga this weekend, we hope this article gave you a head start.  If you have thoughts to share or questions to ask, please leave a comment below.   We would love to hear from you! Read Also: You Won’t Believe The Best Things To Do When In Fiji! Some Of The Best Things To Do In Navarre Beach, Florida These Are The 30+ Things To Do In Mexico City That You Must Try!

BY  Ankita Dec 18, 2023

Imagine waking up to the serene sound of waves on the Amalfi Coast or savoring a cup of freshly brewed espresso on a sunlit terrace overlooking the rolling Tuscan hills. This is the enchanting promise of a villa rental in Italy—a unique blend of luxury, comfort, and cultural immersion that transforms an ordinary vacation into an extraordinary adventure. In this guide, we'll explore the intricacies of planning the perfect Italian rental villa getaway, from selecting the ideal location to making the most of your stay. Why Choose a Rental Villa in Italy Italy, with its rich history, stunning landscapes, and vibrant culture, offers a diverse array of rental villa options. These properties range from rustic farmhouses in the heart of vineyard country to opulent mansions on the shores of the Mediterranean. Unlike typical hotel accommodations, villas offer a heightened level of privacy and space, allowing you to unwind in a setting that feels genuinely your own. Moreover, a luxury villa rental in Italy is not just about luxurious lodging; it's about immersing yourself in Italian life, experiencing the local customs, and enjoying the freedom to explore at your own pace. Finding the Right Villa Selecting the perfect villa is a journey in itself. Start by considering the location—each region of Italy offers something unique. A villa in Tuscany might provide rustic charm and proximity to historic cities, while a Sicilian beachfront property offers stunning seascapes and a laid-back vibe. Consider the size and layout of the villa, ensuring it accommodates your party comfortably. Amenities are crucial too—do you need a fully-equipped kitchen, Wi-Fi, or a private pool? When it comes to amenities, think about your dream vacation and choose a villa that turns that dream into reality. Timing and Booking The best time to book a villa in Italy largely depends on your vacation preferences. The summer months are bustling with energy and warm weather, ideal for beachside villas or enjoying the lively Italian summer culture. However, the shoulder seasons—spring and autumn—offer milder weather, fewer tourists, and often more attractive rates. Regardless of the season, booking in advance is crucial, especially for popular destinations or unique properties. Early booking not only secures your preferred dates but often provides more competitive prices. Planning Your Stay Tailoring your stay is what sets a villa vacation apart. Beyond just a place to sleep, villas can be the centerpiece of your Italian adventure. Many offer unique experiences—imagine participating in a cooking class in your own kitchen, guided by a local chef, or enjoying a private wine tasting in the villa’s cellar. Plan these activities ahead of your stay to ensure availability and to fully immerse yourself in Italian culture. Also, consider any special requests or needs you might have—some villas offer services like childcare, personal trainers, or event planning. Making the Most of Villa Amenities The amenities offered by Italian villas are often what make your stay truly memorable. Many villas boast private pools, stunning gardens, and outdoor dining areas—perfect for enjoying the Italian sun. Inside, you might find fully equipped kitchens, state-of-the-art entertainment systems, and luxurious bedrooms. Some villas even come with staff—housekeepers, cooks, and concierges—who can enhance your stay by taking care of daily chores, preparing meals, or helping you navigate the local area. Exploring the Local Area Your villa rental is a gateway to exploring Italy's rich tapestry of culture and history. Venture out to local markets to sample fresh produce and regional specialties. Visit nearby historical sites and immerse yourself in Italy's deep history. Or simply stroll through local villages, enjoying the architecture and friendly faces. Remember, part of the joy of a villa rental is the freedom to explore at your own pace, discovering hidden gems and creating unique memories. Practical Considerations When planning your villa vacation, there are several practical considerations to keep in mind. Transportation is one—while some villas are easily accessible by public transport, others might require a car rental, especially in more remote locations. Familiarize yourself with the local language and customs to enhance your interaction with locals and enrich your experience. Safety is another consideration—ensure you are aware of any local guidelines or regulations, particularly if you're traveling with children. Conclusion Choosing a villa rental in Italy offers an exceptional opportunity to experience one of the world's most beloved destinations in a unique and intimate way. It's a chance to create a vacation that is not just a break from everyday life, but a rich, immersive journey into the heart of Italian culture and luxury. With careful planning and a spirit of adventure, your Italian villa getaway can be a dream come true, filled with memories that will last a lifetime. Read Also: Which Is The Largest Freshwater Lake In India? 12 Best Things To Do In Sanibel Island – Tour And Travel Guide Exploring The Unexplored: Which Is The Best Time To Visit Darjeeling?