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BY  Sibashree Feb 18, 2026

After exploring the Tamil culture and the Hindu temples of Jaffna, it was time to visit an ancient and secluded Buddhist meditation retreat in Sri Lanka.  It has stone ruins from the 1st century BC, and it was once home to the Pamsukulika Sect of monks, who were known for their meditation-based and secluded lives in the forest.  Moreover, the Ritigala Forest Monastery has an association with the stories of the Ramayana. Also, this monastery is inside the Ritigala Forest Reserve. So, it is a place where history, spirituality, and wildlife await you.  Hi, in today’s blog, I will talk about how I climbed up the stone steps to reach the Ritigala Monastery in Sri Lanka, the history, legends, and the main attractions of visiting the ancient monastery today.  I will also talk about the transportation options.  Where Is Ritigala Forest Monastery? Sri Lanka maybe one of the cheapest places to travel in the world. However, its natural beauty and the cultural and historical richness are matchless. The Ritigala Forest Monastery is one of the hidden gems in Sri Lanka.  The Ritigala monastery is located across the mountain of Ritigala. The mountain of Ritigala is the highest mountain in the dry northern region of Sri Lanka.  It is close to Harbarana, which is again the epicenter of the cultural triangle, the Sigiriya Rock Fortress, Dambulla Cave Temple, and Polonnaruwa. It is also the gateway to many wildlife safaris in Sri Lanka.  The distance between Harbarana and the Ritigara mountain is around 21 km. Other important locations near the mountain are Anuradhapura, which is at a distance of 42 km, and Sigiriya, at a distance of 32 km.  Furthermore, the Ritigala Forest Monastery is inside the Ritigala Strict Nature Reserve.  However, remember one thing. As I mentioned in my Jaffna, Sri Lanka, travel guide, you have to rely on the locals when you are exploring the cultural landmarks or a secluded place like the Ritigala Forest Monastery.  You cannot trust Google Maps completely for locating the Ritigara mountains and monastery.  How To Reach The Ritigala Forest Monastery?  Harbarana was the base for my road trip to the Ritigara mountain and trekking further.  1. Reaching Harbarana From The Bandaranaike International Airport (CMB) I took a flight to the Bandaranaike International Airport (CMB). The distance between the Bandaranaike International Airport (CMB) and Habarana is around 151 km. You can take a car rental for the entire journey. However, being a fan of the LowDownUnder Travel, I chose a different path.  After reaching the Bandaranaike International Airport, I took a taxi to Gampaha and then took a train to Harbarana. The ticket cost me around INR 400, and the travel time was around 4 hours and 40 minutes.  The Sri Lankan Railways runs two trains daily from Gampaha to Habarana.  Other airports close to Harbarana are Sigiriya Airport (18 minutes), Kandy Airport (2 hours), and Trincomalee (1 hour and 36 minutes).  2. From Harbarana To The Ritigara Mountain  From Harbarana, I took a taxi to reach Ritigara. It cost around INR 420, and the travel time was around 35-40 minutes.  You can also reserve a car or tuk-tuk to take you to the mountains, wait for you at the entrance gate, and take you back home when you are done trekking. In such cases, the reserve cost will be around INR 1000-1200.  The route from Harbarana to Ritigara was beautiful. My cab driver pointed out the local farming practices and the land on the way.  It was a fulfilling experience, and as Jaffna has a unique food scene based on its local agricultural practices, the food habits of this northern-central region of Sri Lanka. Red rice, jackfruit curry, and river fish are the staples here.   Also, my driver told me to keep my eyes open to spot elephants. However, I was not lucky enough to spot my favorite animal. I noticed some fresh dung in the road, though.  Furthermore, when the car came off the main road, the ride became a little bumpy. The route from here to the Ritigara mountain was a combination of dirt tracks and semi-paved roads.  Finally, I reached the entrance of Ritigara and purchased my ticket. The ticket cost me around INR 450, and I even got a guide for INR 1200. What Is The History Of Ritigala Forest Monastery?  The history of the Ritigala Forest Monastery goes back to the 1st century BC. You will find here more than 70 rock caves, the 9th-century meditation spots of the "Pansukulika” monks, and unadorned stone pathways.  Here is a brief historical timeline of the Ritigala Forest Monastery.  1. Establishment Of The Ritigara Forest Site For Monks Buddhist monks came here and started living in the sacred mountains in the 1st century BC. There were more than 70 caves where monks started meditating in solitude.  Even today, there are many rock inscriptions from which we can learn about how many patrons helped to build and maintain the site, which was home to monks who left the luxury of monasteries and used to meditate in the caves.  2. Receiving Royal Patronage This site received adequate royal patronage, and from the inscriptions, we especially get to know about King Pandukabhaya.  He founded Anuradhapura and built a reservoir at the base of the mountain for the hermits here in the 4th century BC.  3. Building Of The Pansukulika Sect Monastery King Sena I built the Ritigara Monastery in 833, and it was meant for the Pansukulikas or monks in rag robes.  These monks practiced the highest form of asceticism, and they were on a mission to revive the simple teachings of Lord Buddha.  4. The Decline Of The Pansukulika Sect And The Monastery  From the 9th to the 11th century, the Ritigala Forest Monastery and the Pansukulika Sect of monks enjoyed immense glory.  However, with increasing donations and the monks getting inclined toward what they earlier rejected, the core philosophy of the sect was lost.  Two rival sub-sects were formed within the Pansukulika Sect. Finally, King Vijayabahu I confiscated their extensive holdings in 1070-1110 CE as a part of a Buddhist monastic reform.  5. Abandonment And Discovery Of The Ancient Monastery Despite the royal patronage, the Ritigara Forest Monastery was abandoned around the 10th to 12th centuries due to the Chola invasions.  It was an unprotected ruin until James Mantell, the British colonial surveyor, saw the ruins while climbing up the mountain.  Then, he drew the attention of H.C.P. Bell, the first Archaeological Commissioner of Ceylon. He understood the historical and religious importance of the place and expanded it extensively in 1893.  Finally, in 1941, the 1528 hectares of the forest area, including the ruins, were designated as a Strict Nature Reserve.  Today, the conservation efforts strike a balance between the ecological and archaeological preservation of the monastery and the site.  Design And Engineering Of The Ritigala Forest Monastery: The Incredible Ruin The monastery does not look like the traditional stupas. Here, you will find interconnected stones, paved pathways, and stone bridges.  Furthermore, there are bathing areas like the famous Banda Pokuna.  The most unique thing about the Ritigara Monastery is that here you will not find any Bodhi Tree or any Buddha statue.  It is a place where you can walk, meditate, and contemplate.  You may call it a failed attempt to revive the radical simplicity of Buddhism, but for every seeker, it will always be a place to introspect and connect to a higher energy.  I had goosebumps the moment I entered the monastery. Let’s delve deeper into the unique architecture of the monastery.  1. The Padhanaghara And Stone Pathways  The ruins of the Ritigala Forest Monastery cover an area of around 120 acres. You will see around 50 distinct meditation houses or Padhanaghara in the area.  Inside each meditation house, you will find two raised platforms in the east-west direction, and those were made of stone. A small maot surrounded the platforms, and a small stone bridge connected the platforms.  Probably, these structures were used for some rituals or meditation purposes.  Interlinking stone pathways connect these meditation houses. These pathways are 1.5 meters in width, and the width is consistent as the pathways ascend the slope. These pathways also have circular intersections.  2. Water Management System, The water management system in Ritigala Forest Monastery was sophisticated. Banda Pokuna and Kumbuk Wewa, these twin ponds were carved from rocks.  Furthermore, I found a large stone trough in the courtyard, which was used for cooking food.  Also, I saw the ruins of the monastery hospital and stone mortars, which were used to grind and prepare herbal medicines.  Moreover, the monastery did not have any residential complex. The monks lived and meditated in the caves.  However, there were urinal stones, which were the only amenities or the luxury the monks enjoyed in this austere setup.  What Is The Legend Of The Ritigala Forest Monastery?  The Ritigala mountain has a connection to the Hindu mythology, the Ramayana. Attacked by Ravana, Lakshama, the brother of Lord Ramachandra, became unconscious on the battlefield.  Lord Hanuman, on Lord Rama’s command, went to fetch a life-saving medicinal herb from the Dronagiri. However, he forgot the name of the herb and carried the entire mountain on his shoulder.  When he was crossing the Palk Strait, five segments of the mountain fell from his grasp. The biggest fragment fell on the site of the Ritigara Mountain.  Now, you may not believe the legend of the Ritigala Mountain. However, the presence of various medicinal plants in the mountains keeps the myth alive.  Moreover, among the 417 species of plants here, around 96 varieties are for medicinal purposes. Moreover, the northern peaks have names such as the Wannati-kanda and Aushada-kanda.  Climbing To The Ritigala Forest Monastery In Sri Lanka  Climbing up to the Ritigara Forest Monastery was a free-flowing experience. There are many things to see, but more to feel.  Here is how I explored the ruins.  1. The Bathing Pond  As I left the ticket counter behind, I found the first ruin. I took the stone steps to visit a massive bathing area.  You have to be careful with the steps here, as they are cracks and have overgrown tree roots.  Large trees have grown in the bathing area now. However, you can still understand its massive scale.  2. A Winding Stone Path And Ruins Of The Monastery The winding stone pathway took me through various ruins, and they stood like the blueprints from a bygone era.  The most striking one among them was the ruins of the hospital. It still had a sunken bath and grinding stones for preparing medicines.  As I climbed up, I found the meditation platforms, big multi-chambered rooms, and urinals.  3. The Large Pavilion With Columns  I found a large pavilion here with big columns. However, the more intriguing was the Big Tree behind the ruin.  It is so massive that its ground roots have created a labyrinth. The road seems to fizzle out at this stage. However, my gut instinct said that there is something more.  4. The Hidden Ruin  My guide was not happy with me for continuing further. As I headed down, after the initial disappointment of landing on the forest floor, I found another ruin.  There was a stone bridge, and it took me to a promontory with a square structure. It was the ruins of the library that had many precious manuscripts.  The view from the promontory was amazing.  It is a shame that most trekkers miss it, as the signs are not adequate and often hidden in the overgrown bushes. Furthermore, most of them are only in the Sinhalese language, which only locals can read.  However, I used the absence of signboards to my advantage.  Practical Tips For A Visit To The Ritigara Forest Monastery  If you are traveling with your partner or in a group, you must reserve a tuk-tuk or car to bring you back. You may not get a passing traffic. I took the risk as it was a solo adventure.  You have to carry snacks and water. Wear sunscreen and carry insect repellents.  You will find a toilet at the entrance of the ruins. I did not use it. So, I am not sure about the condition or the amenities available.  Ritigala Forest Monastery: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)  Here are the frequently asked questions and answers about the Ritigala Forest Monastery. 1. How Much Time Is Needed At Ritigala? Trekking the Ritigala Forest Monastery is going to take around 2 hours. So, overall, you will at least need 3 hours in Ritigala. Trekking up the route is easy. However, walking through the cracked stone steps can be challenging.Also, signboards are scarce and incomprehensible on the route. So, you must take a local guide.  2. Where To Stay Near The Ritigala Forest Monastery? I stayed at Habarana, and the name of my hostel was The Lake Breeze. The tariff for the hostel was around INR 2000. The amenities were basic, with fans, Wi-Fi, and mosquito nets.  3. Is Taking A Tour Of Ritigala Forest Monastery Worth It? Yes, taking a tour of the Ritigala Forest Monastery is absolutely worth it. Here, you will find the ruins of the 1st century BC, and it is great for anyone with a keen interest in the history and evolution of Buddhism. Furthermore, the ambiance of the ruins is introspective and meditative. Moreover, you can easily reserve a car or tuk-tuk to reach the base of the Ritigara Mountain and then start your trek for 1.5 to 2 hours. 

BY  Sibashree Mar 5, 2026

The Sigiriya Rock was my next big cultural stop in Central Sri Lanka after the Ritigala Forest Monastery.  Also known as the “Lion Rock,” it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site with whiffs of mythology and major archaeological importance.  Despite the absence of any archaeological evidence, there is a strong mythological belief that it is the place of Ravana’s Golden Palace.  However, scientific evidence says that the rock fortress with its massive columns was once the seat of power of King Kashyapa (477-495 AD).  He built the fortress with magnificent frescoes and the palace at the top of the rock column. Also, the palace got such a name because one had to access the fortress through the mouth of an enormously carved lion.  The area was earlier used as a Buddhist monastery from the third to the first century BCE.  So, along with the Hindu temples of Jaffna and the Ambuluwawa Tower, which has Hindu, Buddhist, Christian, and Muslim sites, the Sigiriya Rock also remains a major attraction for religious and spiritual seekers.  Hi, in today’s blog, I will talk about the location of the Sigiriya Rock, how to reach it, the climbing experience, history, the entry fee, the structure, and other details.  What Is The History Of The Sigiriya Rock?  Sigiriya Rock was a Buddhist Monastery. It rose in prominence after King Kashyapa took the throne and shifted the monks to Pidurangala, a nearby outcrop.  He found the top of this near-vertical rock formation more defensible and built a fortress on its top. It had a magnificent moat, water gardens, temples, and meeting halls.  However, deserted by his own force, King Kashyapa killed himself as he did not want to be a captive of his brother.  The Sigiriya Rock again became a monastery after Anuradhapura became the capital again.  However, after a few years, the place was abandoned until George Turnour translated the Buddhist texts and identified the Sigiriya Rock. Further, in 1831, Jonathan Forbes located the city. Then, after 20 years, Harry Bell, the Archaeological Commissioner of Ceylon, at that time discovered the Lion’s Paws.  Finally, the Sigiriya Rock became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982.  Where Is The Sigiriya Rock? How To Reach The Sigiriya Rock?  The Sigiriya Rock is located in the central region of Sri Lanka. Dambulla is the closest town, and it is the gateway to the Sigiriya Rock by road from Colombo and Kandy, the capital of the central province.  The distance is around 17 km, and the travel time is close to 25 minutes.  The distance between Kandy and the Sigiriya Rock is around 89 km, and the travel time by road is close to 2 hours and 31 minutes.  Furthermore, the distance from Colombo to the Sigiriya Rock is 177 km. So, the travel time is around 3 hours and 50 minutes.  Nevertheless, I took a bus from Dambulla to the Sigiriya Rock. The bus ticket price was around 50 LKR.  You will also get taxis and tuk-tuks from Dambulla.  Moreover, Habarana railway station, at a distance of around 20-30 minutes, is the closest to the Sigiriya Rock. Once you are done exploring Colombo or the things to do in Trincomalee, you can easily take a train ride to the Habarana railway station and take a taxi or tuk-tuk from there to the Sigiriya Rock.  What Are The Opening Hours And Entry Fee To The Lion Rock And Museum?  Sigiriya remains open from 7 AM to 6 PM. However, 5:30 PM is the latest time you can enter.  The entry fee to the Sigiriya Rock is around 11,149 LKR or 36 USD. This charge includes the museum entry fee.  However, you can also visit the museum on a different day and pay a fee of $5 or 1600 LKD.  Climbing The Sigiriya Rock  I started from the ancient water garden with the caves on the left. Furthermore, the octagonal man-made lake was in the shadow of the massive monolith.  As I proceeded, I found two big boulders forming a natural arch and creating a circular road upward. The path took a turn to the left.  The entire path was a part of the natural rock garden and was a sheer contrast against the water gardens below.  I met some spiders, monkeys, and street dogs on the way until I reached the Lion’s paws. 1. The Lion’s Paws The Lion’s Paws had a staircase in the center. This stone-made staircase is ancient, and the claws with the Lion’s paws are now the only remnants explaining why the Sigiriya Rock has the nickname of the Lion Rock.  The head and body of the lion are decayed and mostly engulfed by the jungle.  Furthermore, this ancient stone staircase is like a transition from history to the metal route up the mountain.  However, here, you have to be careful and be as silent as possible to avoid the wasp attacks.  2. From The Top Of The Lion Rock After climbing around 1200 steps, I reached the top of the Lion Rock. As Sigiriya is the tallest peak in the region, it offered me a 360-degree view of the surroundings. The sparkling rivers and lakes and the lush greenery of Central Sri Lanka won me over. The Pidurangala Rock was to the north, and it rose like a little volcano from the forest beneath.  3. The Mirror Wall  I walked through the remnants of the Sigiriya Rocks, the platforms, and the pools before I finally reached the Mirror Wall.  On my way, I also had an encounter with a giant lizard and a street dog who just knew how to pose.  Between the first plateau and the Lion’s Paws, there is a fork in the path. I took that path and turned left to come across the Mirror Wall.  With a plaster casing, the ancient Mirror Wall used to shine and reflect light. Also, today, when you visit the mirror wall, you can see thousands of graffiti. 4. The Frescoes From the Mirror Wall, I took a spiral staircase to reach the frescoes. However, for me, the cave paintings were more fascinating. There is a major debate about the figures drawn on the caves. Some claim that these are holy entities and they make offerings to them.  On the other hand, many say that these depict the concubines from the harem of the king.  5. The Cobra Head  I spotted the Cobra Head Cave while descending from the Sigiriya Rock. The cave resembles a cobra, which is ready to attack you with its fangs.  Furthermore, I spotted a reception hall and an ancient urinal.  Wildlife And Safety While Climbing The Sigiriya Rock  I could spot many monkeys while climbing the Sigiriya Rock. Also, the moat has signs that crocodiles can be spotted here. However, I could not find any.  Having said that, the lizards here are huge, and they are no less scary than crocodiles.  Furthermore, there is a caution regarding elephants roaming in the water gardens after dark.  Now, the scariest part. You will see huge wasp nests across various sections of the Sigiriya Rock. Keep silent and be responsible not to disturb those nests.  Amenities Available At The Sigiriya Rock Site There are toilet facilities at the base of the Sigiriya Rock. Furthermore, you will get a cafe or food stall near the ticket counter.  You can collect chips, ice creams, soft drinks, and water for this cafe.  Also, you can refill your bottle from the free fountain.  Tips And Tricks While Visiting The Sigiriya Rock  You have to carry enough water while climbing the Sigiriya Rock. Otherwise, you will be dehydrated, especially when climbing up after 8 AM.  Furthermore, you cannot take photos of the frescoes and cave paintings. Noone will allow you to ruin the historical artwork which has been there for more than 1600 years now.  Moreover, the stairs and paths are steep. So, if you have vertigo issues, you have to take precautions. Also, the path is full of wasps. So, be careful while climbing up the rock. 

BY  Sibashree Mar 5, 2026

I have just shared my story of climbing the Sigiriya Rock. It’s huge, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with the 660-foot stone remnants, is the perfect postcard of the cultural richness of Sri Lanka.  I visited the Hindu temples of Jaffna and experienced their grandeur. I have also experienced the somber vibe and wondered at the architectural marvel of the Ritigala Forest Monastery.  Now, if you think of the Pidurangala Rock, it is not the bucket-list material like the three places I have mentioned. I initially planned a hike of the Pidurangala Rock to have a different perspective of the Sigiriya Rock.  The view from the top is mesmerizing.  However, the Pidurangala Rock is not just the lesser-known neighbor of the Sigiriya Rock. It was an ancient Buddhist Monastery and is famous as the home to a 1500-year-old massive statue of Lord Buddha.  Also, watching the sunrise from the top of the Pidurangala Rock is an ethereal experience.  I hope you have guessed by now. In this blog, I will share my experience of climbing the Pidurangala Rock, watching the sunrise from there, its history, and other details.  The History Of The Pidurangala Rock The history of the Pidurangala Rock is over two millennia old. King Kashyapa made the Sigiriya Fort his seat of power and asked the monks to shift here. He made suitable arrangements to build amenities for the resident monks here.  In fact, the rock gets its name from "Pidu + Ran + Goda." It means the offered piles of gold. Thus, the name itself explains how King Kashyapa made donations for the development.  Furthermore, the Sigiri Pidurangala Raja Maha Viharaya temple is still inside the caves.  Also, the site has a 1500-year-old massive Buddha Statue in a reclining position. The treasure hunters ruined it partially in the 1960s. However, it has been restored.  Today, the Pidurangala Rock is a protected archaeological site containing ancient caves, a 5th-century stupa, and remains of a second stupa on the summit. How To Reach The Pidurangala Rock From Kandy? Hiking the Sigiriya Rock and Pidurangala Rock can be an extension of the mixed bag of things to do in Kandy.  The journey from Kandy to the Pidurangala Rock 1. The Long Haul From Kandy  You can catch a bus from the station behind the Kandy train station to Dambulla. This is a journey of 2 hours and 15 minutes.  Furthermore, the ticket will cost you around 1.14 USD or 200 LKR.  2. The Short Haul From Kandy  Once you reach Dambulla, you will get local buses to Sigiriya. The ticket price is around 40 LKR, and the travel time is just 30 minutes.  What Is The Entry Fee For Pidurangala Rock? While researching Sigiriya Rock, I was shocked to find that the entrance fee is $36 USD per person. a steep price tag considering how affordable the rest of Sri Lanka is.  Aside from our $35 USD Yala National Park safari, it was the only major expense I encountered during my entire month-long trip. In fact, my 5 days in Jaffna were quite a budget-friendly affair.  However, the Pidurangala Rock was a stark contrast. I paid only 300 LKR, which was less than 3 USD at that time.  Want to know more about my holiday in Sri Lanka? Read my guide on the Ambuluwawa Tower and things to do in Trincomalee.  I also visited Mount Lavinia Beach.  Hiking The Pidurangala Rock The hike to the Pidurangala Rock took me around 20 minutes. However, my heart was really pumping.  I climbed up a steep set of stairs, and that was an excellent morning workout for me.  Then, the trail ran into a scramble, and here, I found some large boulders.  You don’t need to use your rock climbing skills here. However, you will definitely need your friend’s hand to hoist yourself up.  Now, as I reached the top, I saw the long-awaited silhouette of the Sigiriya Rock. It looked magical against the backdrop of a golden morning sky.  The only complaint I had was the crowded main viewpoint. A local guide showed me a place that was around 20 feet down.  There was hardly a soul, and the view was unobstructed.  The Sunrise Mission On The Pidurangala Rock Hike the Pidurangala Rock before or during the sunrise to be a part of nature’s magic. See how colors form before your eyes.  Do not walk or hike at the site once the Sun is down, as the elephants are out then. I took a tuk-tuk before sunset to reach the base.  It cost me around 500 LKR.  The trail begins at the ancient Buddhist temple. So, you have to be respectful in your attire and demeanor.  How To Have The "Perfect" Sigiriya Day? If you are an adventurous soul, you can actually climb both the rocks in one day. You can see the sunrise at Pidurangala and be back at Hotel Sigiriya to catch some quick refreshment and relax.  Then, in the late afternoon, you hike the Sigiriya Rock for the best sunset experience.  Where To Eat And Sleep In Sigiriya? Sigiriya is small and spread out, so stay near the "center" (look for Pradeep Restaurant on the map). I loved Kalana Homestay. A cheap, friendly, and right in the mix. If you want luxury, Heritance Kandalama is an architectural masterpiece built into the cliffs further out. Moreover, Pradeep Restaurant and Shenadi are the two places where you will find the best meals.  What To Bring For A Hike To The Pidurrangala Rock? Since the hike begins near a Buddhist temple, women are asked to cover their shoulders and legs out of respect.  Because of the heat, a sarong is the perfect solution. You can stay cool and easily tuck it away once you’ve passed the temple grounds. Forgot to pack something modest? Don't worry, as the ticket office usually has scarves available to borrow.  Just make sure you’ve also packed sturdy shoes, insect repellent, and plenty of water to stay comfortable on the trail!