Welcome To The Pecos National Historical Park: The Land Of The First American Revolution

Sep 12, 2024

Last Updated on: Aug 29, 2025

Travel Guides

I stood before the remnants of the South Pueblo walls, looking over the Mission Church on an autumn day last year. Looking at the archaeological site and standing below the blue fall sky, I was transported to the time of the American Revolution. 

Further, I could hear the noise of a bustling trade fair with people from the Pecos Pueblo community doing business. However, the historical importance of the park is much beyond its association with the American Revolution. It is also related to the Civil War in New Mexico and the Independence of Mexico

So, with centuries of human history etched in every corner, the Pecos National Historical Park is an intersection of past tales and nature. To be honest, The Pecos Pueblo and Santa Fe Trail were the biggest highlights for me when I was at the national park. 

Therefore, my ode to the park will start with brief accounts of these places. Then, I will talk about the Glorieta Pass, again a site of historical importance in the park. Finally, you will have a quick look at the park’s wildlife. 

Pecos National Historical Park: A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions 

Pecos National Historical Park A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions

The history of human lives in the Pecos National Historical Park goes back to the Preceramic Period or the 11,500 B.C.E. – 600 C.E. However, the Pecos Pueblo site in the park became a prominent place in the history of the American Revolution in the Early Colonial and Pre-Revolt era

Spanish people started interacting with the Pueblo people. Further, thanks to the Franciscan Missions, the Spanish rule wanted to have command over the economic life and beliefs of the Pueblo people. 

Thus, the first seeds of the American Revolution were sown. To combat the oppression of the Spanish people, the Pueblo Revolt took place on 10th August 1680. As a result, the Spanish Government and Franciscan Friars were expelled from the southwest under the leadership of  Po’pay from Ohkay Owengeh. The Spanish Mission Church, built in 1625, was also destroyed in the revolt of 1680. 

However, in 1692, the Spanish People further reclaimed the Pecos Pueblo and many other pueblos. Finally, the Pueblo people declined in numbers in 1700. Before, during, and after the first American Revolution, The Pecos Pueblo emerged as an important location with significant events around it! 

Further, around 200 years later (1821-1846 C.E.), another site in the park, the  Santa Fe Trail, witnessed travelers, settlers, and everyone else passing through it. The trail was opened in 1821 after Mexico gained its independence from Spain. 

The remains of Pecos Pueblo stood there! By the 1830s, the migration of the Pubelo people was complete, and everyone had shifted to the Pueblo of Jemez and continued their traditions. 

Moreover, in 1862, there was the “Battle of Glorieta Pass.” On 26th March 1862, this battle between the Union forces and Confederates occurred at a 700 feet elevation. 

The Pecos Pueblo Site Today 

The rise of the Pecos Pueblo site occurred between 1350 C.E. and 1838 C.E. The Pueblo site had two units, the north and south, and could accommodate around 2000 people. Further, it had 1000 rooms.

Therefore, Pecos Pueblo thrived as a busy trading center with trade fairs involving people from Rio Grande Pueblos, Plains Nations, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific Coast. The flint arrowheads and shells found here explain the expansive stretch of the route. 

Nevertheless, with time, Pecos Pueblo became instrumental in eliminating Spanish oppression and rule. Still, a drop in the trade, Comanche attacks, and diseases deserted Pecos Pueblo. By 1838 C.E., the last resident of the Pueblo had left and joined the Pueblo of Jemez

Today, the site stands as a relic from the past. However, it is still equally important for archaeologists and historians. 

The Santa Fe Trail 

The Santa Fe Trail

Do you know what the Santa Fe Trail marker near Kozlowski’s Trading Post says? It says, 

Santa Fe Trail

1822-1879

Marked by the daughters of the American Revolution and the Territory of Nex Mexico. 

With the independence of New Mexico and the western territories becoming an annexure to New Mexico, the Santa Fe Trail became the route or passage to the westward movement. Naturalists, journalists, travelers, aspirants, traders, and others took this passage as part of the American expansion.

Colonel Henry Inman’s “Stories of the Old Santa Fe Trail,” published in 1881, describes the trail well. If you are a history buff, you must read this book well before visiting the Santa Fe Trail today! 

Kozlowski’s Stage Stop and Trading Post” is the highlight of this trail. You can spend some time here to visualize travelers from the past catching some rest after a long journey through the trail. When on the trail, you can explore the remains of the Pueblo and the Mission Church. You can even consider taking a guided tour of the Forked Lightning Ranch

Santa Fe Trail

Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Important Details About the Glorieta Pass Battle

1. Reason for Conflict: Union forces and Confederates wanted to control the Glorieta Pass Route through the Sangre de Cristo mountains and the main supply center (Fort Union) for the passage of soldiers and supplies. 

2. Contenders: The Confederates, with volunteers from Texas and under the leadership of General Shipley and the Union forces led by Colonel Canby, and soldiers from Fort Union, New Mexico, and Colorado. 

3. Battle Begins: March 26, 1862

4. Reinforcements: 27th March, 1862

5. Battle Resumes: 28th March, 1862

6. Battle Ends: 29th March, 1862

7. Casualty: Death of 375 People 

8. Consequence: The Union forces defeat the Confederates as they fail to ruin the Fort Union. Further, the Union forces maintain complete control over Southwest America. 

The Glorieta Battlefield Trail is a popular hiking destination today in Pecos National Historical Park. It is a roundtrip loop, and you will have to cover a distance of 2.25 miles to complete your expedition. Further, the unpaved or graveled hiking route makes it moderately difficult for the hikers. In addition, there is an elevation gain of 152 meters

You have to drive for around 7.5 miles from the main visitor center of the park. You will need to collect a gate code from the visitor center, which is your access code, to open the locked gate in front of the trail. 

As you walk through the forest trail, you get to know more about the Civil War in New Mexico. Many infographics are installed throughout the trail, telling you tales from the past. In addition, there are wayside signs and 14 trail markers to explain the history of the battle on this pass in detail. 

More About Hiking The Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Time: Around 1 hour

Refreshments (Hikers’ Favorites): Pecos Burger at El Maria Bonita (With a lot of meat and a smoky green chilly flavor!) and Chips and Salsa, of course!

The Trail Guide you collect from the visitor center already keeps you hooked on the site’s history. Indeed, this trail is less about hiking and more about flipping through the pages of the American Civil War in Mexico. 

Let’s Hear It From Other Visitors To The Park 

Really nice park. Easy to find and it is free!

Inside the visitor center, they had a really great exhibit that followed the pecos overtime. It was super informative and brought a lot more meaning to the actual park. After looking around the exhibit, you can take the trail up and around the park and church. It’s amazing that the walls are still there. The view around the park is also beautiful. We spent about 2 hours here.” – Isabelle M.

I really enjoyed this park. My husband didn’t care for it but I think it’s really amazing what is still here. He thinks it’s all recreation and I can’t say if it is or not but I know the current Pecos people don’t see it that way. It’s pretty awesome that it’s free to visit and the visitors center has a little museum that’s also free! The trail starts near the restrooms. We accidentally started it from the end. But who cares. We saw everything and I recommend checking it out. Native people history is really cool.” – Lydia G.

Exploring Wildlife At The Pecos National Historical Park

This historical national park is a hub of wildlife with a 6,500-acre expansion of forests, rivers, grasslands, and streams. The table below enlists the species that call the Pecos National Historical Park their home. 

MammalsElk of Northern New MexicoColorado Chipmunk DeerRock Squirrel
Birds*Steller’s JayMountain BluebirdBald Eagle
Fish and AmphibiansRio Grande ChubLongnose DaceRainbow TroutBrown TroutNew Mexico Spadefoot ToadWoodhouse ToadTiger SalamanderPlains Leopard Frog
ReptilesShort-horned LizardNew Mexico Whiptail LizardBull SnakesGarter SnakesPrairie Rattlesnakes

You will find the Prairie rattlesnakes along the trails. So, please exercise caution and inform the ranger if you come across one on your way. 

A Quick Glance At Some Important Information About Pecos National Historical Park

You must quickly look at the important information available about Pecos National Historical Park before you set in.

Location: San Miguel County, New Mexico

Established: 28th June, 1965

Area: 27 km²

Highest Landscape: Truchas Peak, 3990 Meter

Visitor Center: Pecos National Historical Park Visitor Center

How to Reach: Via State Road 63 

Entry Fee: Free

Best Time to Visit: Autumn (Early September to Mid October)

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Meet Sibashree Bhattacharya, a travel enthusiast who has a decade-long experience in transcending virtual barriers with her words! Her deep love for travel is apparent from her travel escapades to the mountain, often taking her readers on a journey, her words acting as Portkey! Fun fact: Sibashree loves to dive deep into the history of the places she is about to visit, making her travels even more wholesome. If you were wondering how her articles are not short of time travel, this answers it!

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For example, you can go for the Glefern Sanctuary self-guided walks and learn about the biodiversity of the sanctuary, its conservation efforts, and more.  You can contact Steve, the manager of the sanctuary, at 0210826670 to be a part of these tours.  Furthermore, you can create your own Great Barrier Island wildlife tours by planning a visit to the Kaitoke Wetlands, Mt Hobson (Hirakimata) Track, Medlands Beach & Onetangi, and Windy Canyon.  How To Spot Native Birds On Great Barrier Island? A DIY Guide For Wildlife Tours  I have already mentioned the Glefern Sanctuary self-guided walks. Along with that, you can visit any of these areas for a perfect wildlife exploration on the Great Barrier Island.  1. Kaitoke Wetlands The Glefern Sanctuary offers a guided tour to the Kaitoke Hot Springs, located on the Mount Hobson Track. You can access the track from the Whangaparapara Road.  Furthermore, you will find a series of geothermal pools on the Kaitoke Hot Springs track. This area, maintained by the Department of Conservation (DoC), is a treasure hub for native birds.  Here, we had to walk through an easy boardwalk and gravel road to encounter pāteke and spotless crakes. And thanks to the new Kai swing bridge here, the route has now become wheelchair and buggy accessible.  Even when we were swimming in the geothermal pools, we could listen to the calls of the pātekes.  2. Mt Hobson (Hirakimata) Track The Peach Tree Track to Mount Hobson is the best route for spotting native birds and the wildlife of the Great Barrier Island. The route passes through regenerating forests, and these forests are home to a lot of native bird species, such as: Kākā Tūī: Tomtit (Miromiro) North Island Robin (Pītoitoi) Black Petrel (Takoketai) You can spot these birds in the dense native bush. Also, you can see them in large numbers near the high slopes and close to the summit. In addition, the 360-degree view of the island is a bonus you will love to count on.  3. Medlands Beach & Onetangi Medlands Beach and Onetangi are famous for coastal and nearshore wildlife like the paradise shelducks and little blue penguins.  Furthermore, wekas are common in these locations, and these are chosen as the reintroduction programs of the North Island brown kiwi.  4. Windy Canyon On the Windy Canyon hiking route, you will find conservation centers such as the Kiwi Park Queenstown. Here, you will find native species such as tuatara and Kiwi.  Furthermore, throughout the route, you will listen to the buzzing cicadas.  The Best Tips For Spotting The Birds On The Great Barrier Island  Dawn and dusk are the best hours of the day for spotting birds on the Great Barrier Island. “Dawn Chorus” is a real experience on the Great Barrier Island.  Once you reach the spot, be patient and wait quietly, as patience is a virtue for bird watching.  Keep your ears open. You'll hear the tūī's "click-whirr-gurgle" and the kākā's "screech" before you see them. Going nocturnal is a great trick for watching the native birds of the Great Barrier Island. That is why being a Dark Sky Sanctuary is crucial for the Aotea Great Barrier Island.  Carry a red-light torch and be alert about the "more-pork" call of the Ruru to spot the birds in the dark.  Talk to the staff of the hotel or the owner of the homestay you are staying in. They will have the best local tips about birdwatching on the Great Barrier Island.  How To Plan The Great Barrier Island Wildlife Tours?  There are three main aspects of planning Great Barrier Island wildlife tours. 1. How To Reach The Great Barrier Island? You can take a Barrier Air flight from Auckland to reach the Great Barrier Island in 45 minutes. You can even take the SeaLink ferry and complete a journey of 4.5 hours to reach the Great Barrier Island.  2. How To Move Around The Great Barrier Island? Renting a car or a bike is the most convenient option to move around the island. Furthermore, kayaking is an excellent way to explore the bays, caves, and diverse marine life of the island.  3. What Is The Best Time To Visit The Great Barrier Island Wildlife? From September to November, or the spring season, is the ideal time to visit the wildlife of Great Barrier Island. This is the nesting season for most birds on the island.  So, these months are the best for listening to the chorus of the dawn and the dusk.  Being A Responsible Tourist To Protect The Wildlife Of The Great Barrier Island Biosecurity is the most important aspect of the Great Barrier Island wildlife tours. The wildlife of the island is thriving as it is maintained as a sanctuary. So, by cooperating with the biosecurity checks at the DoC-approved facilities and cleaning stations, we have to be a part of the conservation effort.  The 3C policy of the biosecurity checks on the Great Barrier Island is: Check Clean Check We have to check our bags, gear, and shoes for pests (rats, mice, insects) and seeds before they leave the mainland.  Your Great Barrier Adventure Awaits The Aotea Great Barrier Island is a nature lover’s dream, with every nook awaiting a surprise with the native birds and their playful chirps. Furthermore, the Glenfern Sanctuary, Mount Hobson Track, and the wetlands on the Great Barrier Island, New Zealand, are a stronghold for rare and endemic birds and animals.  So, the birds are calling. Are you ready to answer? 

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9 Exciting Things To Do In Pigeon Forge

BY  Shahnawaz Feb 15, 2024

Located at the heart of the Great Smoky Mountains, Pigeon Forge is a treasure trove of adventure, entertainment, and relaxation. This vibrant town, with its stunning natural backdrop and a wide array of attractions, offers something for everyone. Whether you're a thrill-seeker, a nature lover, or someone looking to soak up local culture and cuisine, Pigeon Forge promises an unforgettable experience. From world-class theme parks to breathtaking outdoor activities, the options are as diverse as they are exciting. Here Are Nine Prime Things To Do In Pigeon Forge Let’s dive into some of the most thrilling and enjoyable things you can do in Pigeon Forge, ensuring your visit is packed with fun and memorable moments. And, if you want to save some money, too, after purchasing things at Pigeon Forge, check out Booking.com.   1. Visit a World-Famous Theme Park A visit to Pigeon Forge’s premier theme park isn't just about the rides; it's about immersing yourself in an atmosphere brimming with Southern charm and hospitality. As you wander through the park, you'll encounter craftsmen demonstrating age-old arts and crafts, giving you a glimpse into the rich cultural heritage of the Smoky Mountains. The park’s meticulously curated gardens and seasonal decorations add another layer of beauty to the experience, ensuring that every corner holds a new delight.  2. Experience the Thrill of Splash Country Splash Country is more than just a water park; it's an oasis of summer fun designed to beat the heat with a splash of excitement. The park features a wide range of water attractions, from exhilarating water coasters for thrill-seekers to interactive children’s play areas perfect for the little ones. The park also prioritizes guest comfort, offering private retreats and canopies for rent, allowing visitors to relax in shaded privacy between the water-soaked adventures. With its family-friendly atmosphere and variety of attractions, Dollywood Splash Country ensures a refreshing and joyful day out for everyone. 3. Explore the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Exploring the Great Smoky Mountains National Park is an adventure into the heart of nature's unparalleled beauty. The park’s diverse ecosystems offer a sanctuary for thousands of plant and animal species, making it a prime spot for wildlife enthusiasts and photographers. With over 800 miles of trails, visitors can choose from leisurely walks through old-growth forests to challenging hikes up mountainous terrain, each trail offering its own unique vistas and experiences. The park's historical sites, including log cabins and grist mills, provide a fascinating look into the life of early settlers, adding a touch of history to the natural splendor. 4. Enjoy a Dinner Show Pigeon Forge's dinner shows are renowned for their variety and quality, offering more than just a meal—they provide an immersive entertainment experience. From dazzling equestrian feats and musical extravaganzas to hilarious comedy acts and mystifying magic shows, each dinner theater in town has its unique flair. The engaging performances paired with sumptuous, hearty meals create an evening of enjoyment that appeals to all ages. These shows are not just about watching; they're about participating in the energy and spirit of Pigeon Forge, making for an unforgettable night out. 5. Ride the Pigeon Forge Trolley Riding the Pigeon Forge Trolley is akin to stepping back in time, where the pace of life slows down, and the focus shifts to enjoying the moment. The trolley system, with its extensive routes covering the town and its attractions, provides a scenic and relaxed way to explore Pigeon Forge without the hassle of driving and parking. Each route offers a unique perspective of the town, from bustling main streets to quiet, leafy byways, allowing riders to experience the full breadth of Pigeon Forge’s charm. The trolley is not only a convenient mode of transport but also an integral part of the Pigeon Forge experience, inviting visitors to see the town through the eyes of those who know it best. 6. Discover Local Crafts and Shopping Pigeon Forge is a shopper's paradise, especially for those who appreciate the value of handcrafted goods and unique finds. The town’s artisan community thrives, with local craftsmen and women showcasing their talents in quaint boutiques and specialty shops. Here, you can find everything from hand-blown glass and custom-made pottery to hand-quilted blankets and artisanal foods. These shopping venues offer a personal touch, often with the artisans themselves on hand to discuss their work, making each purchase a meaningful souvenir of your visit. Moreover, the town's outlet malls and specialty stores provide a diverse shopping experience, ensuring everyone finds something special to take home. 7. Enjoy Outdoor Adventures Pigeon Forge's location at the foothills of the Great Smoky Mountains means that adventure is never far away. Beyond the well-trodden paths of the national park, the town offers a wealth of outdoor activities designed to thrill and delight. Zip-lining courses allow you to soar above the treetops, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains. Meanwhile, horseback riding tours offer a more grounded yet equally exhilarating way to explore the natural beauty of the area. For those seeking a rush, white-water rafting on the Pigeon River provides an adrenaline-packed experience, while the more laid-back visitors might enjoy the unique experience of a mountain coaster, where the speed is in your hands. Each of these activities offers a unique way to connect with the natural splendor of Pigeon Forge. 8. Visit Unique Museums Pigeon Forge's museums are as unique as they are educational, offering a break from outdoor adventures with engaging indoor explorations. These aren't your standard museums; instead, they provide interactive and immersive experiences that captivate the imagination. You can walk through a replica of the Titanic, complete with artifacts and stories from the ill-fated voyage, or explore a museum dedicated to classic cars, where the history of automotive innovation comes to life. Each museum is designed to educate, entertain, and engage visitors of all ages, making them perfect destinations for families or curious explorers looking to learn something new. 9. Sample Local Cuisine The culinary scene in Pigeon Forge is a reflection of its Southern roots, offering a comfort food experience that's hard to beat. Restaurants in the area serve up generous portions of Southern classics, like fried chicken, catfish, and greens, all seasoned with a hearty dose of hospitality. The town also boasts a variety of dining experiences, from casual barbecue joints to fine dining establishments where local ingredients shine. For those with a sweet tooth, the local bakeries and candy shops offer delectable treats like homemade fudge and apple butter, ensuring every meal in Pigeon Forge ends on a high note. Conclusion Pigeon Forge is a place where adventure and relaxation meet, offering a variety of experiences that cater to all tastes and interests. From the excitement of theme parks and water activities to the tranquility of nature walks and scenic views, this town ensures every visitor leaves with cherished memories. Whether you're planning a family vacation, a romantic getaway, or a solo adventure, Pigeon Forge provides a perfect backdrop for an unforgettable experience. So, pack your bags, set your sights on this mountain gem, and get ready to explore all the thrilling activities and attractions that make Pigeon Forge a must-visit destination. With so much to see and do, your only challenge will be deciding what to try first.  Read Also: Top 7 Outdoor Adventures In Pigeon Forge You Can’t-Miss Unique Pigeon Forge Activities For The Ultimate Adrenaline Rush 9 Fun Activities You Should Add To Your Pigeon Forge Bucket List