Welcome To The Pecos National Historical Park: The Land Of The First American Revolution

Sep 12, 2024

Last Updated on: Aug 29, 2025

Travel Guides

I stood before the remnants of the South Pueblo walls, looking over the Mission Church on an autumn day last year. Looking at the archaeological site and standing below the blue fall sky, I was transported to the time of the American Revolution. 

Further, I could hear the noise of a bustling trade fair with people from the Pecos Pueblo community doing business. However, the historical importance of the park is much beyond its association with the American Revolution. It is also related to the Civil War in New Mexico and the Independence of Mexico

So, with centuries of human history etched in every corner, the Pecos National Historical Park is an intersection of past tales and nature. To be honest, The Pecos Pueblo and Santa Fe Trail were the biggest highlights for me when I was at the national park. 

Therefore, my ode to the park will start with brief accounts of these places. Then, I will talk about the Glorieta Pass, again a site of historical importance in the park. Finally, you will have a quick look at the park’s wildlife. 

Pecos National Historical Park: A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions 

Pecos National Historical Park A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions

The history of human lives in the Pecos National Historical Park goes back to the Preceramic Period or the 11,500 B.C.E. – 600 C.E. However, the Pecos Pueblo site in the park became a prominent place in the history of the American Revolution in the Early Colonial and Pre-Revolt era

Spanish people started interacting with the Pueblo people. Further, thanks to the Franciscan Missions, the Spanish rule wanted to have command over the economic life and beliefs of the Pueblo people. 

Thus, the first seeds of the American Revolution were sown. To combat the oppression of the Spanish people, the Pueblo Revolt took place on 10th August 1680. As a result, the Spanish Government and Franciscan Friars were expelled from the southwest under the leadership of  Po’pay from Ohkay Owengeh. The Spanish Mission Church, built in 1625, was also destroyed in the revolt of 1680. 

However, in 1692, the Spanish People further reclaimed the Pecos Pueblo and many other pueblos. Finally, the Pueblo people declined in numbers in 1700. Before, during, and after the first American Revolution, The Pecos Pueblo emerged as an important location with significant events around it! 

Further, around 200 years later (1821-1846 C.E.), another site in the park, the  Santa Fe Trail, witnessed travelers, settlers, and everyone else passing through it. The trail was opened in 1821 after Mexico gained its independence from Spain. 

The remains of Pecos Pueblo stood there! By the 1830s, the migration of the Pubelo people was complete, and everyone had shifted to the Pueblo of Jemez and continued their traditions. 

Moreover, in 1862, there was the “Battle of Glorieta Pass.” On 26th March 1862, this battle between the Union forces and Confederates occurred at a 700 feet elevation. 

The Pecos Pueblo Site Today 

The rise of the Pecos Pueblo site occurred between 1350 C.E. and 1838 C.E. The Pueblo site had two units, the north and south, and could accommodate around 2000 people. Further, it had 1000 rooms.

Therefore, Pecos Pueblo thrived as a busy trading center with trade fairs involving people from Rio Grande Pueblos, Plains Nations, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific Coast. The flint arrowheads and shells found here explain the expansive stretch of the route. 

Nevertheless, with time, Pecos Pueblo became instrumental in eliminating Spanish oppression and rule. Still, a drop in the trade, Comanche attacks, and diseases deserted Pecos Pueblo. By 1838 C.E., the last resident of the Pueblo had left and joined the Pueblo of Jemez

Today, the site stands as a relic from the past. However, it is still equally important for archaeologists and historians. 

The Santa Fe Trail 

The Santa Fe Trail

Do you know what the Santa Fe Trail marker near Kozlowski’s Trading Post says? It says, 

Santa Fe Trail

1822-1879

Marked by the daughters of the American Revolution and the Territory of Nex Mexico. 

With the independence of New Mexico and the western territories becoming an annexure to New Mexico, the Santa Fe Trail became the route or passage to the westward movement. Naturalists, journalists, travelers, aspirants, traders, and others took this passage as part of the American expansion.

Colonel Henry Inman’s “Stories of the Old Santa Fe Trail,” published in 1881, describes the trail well. If you are a history buff, you must read this book well before visiting the Santa Fe Trail today! 

Kozlowski’s Stage Stop and Trading Post” is the highlight of this trail. You can spend some time here to visualize travelers from the past catching some rest after a long journey through the trail. When on the trail, you can explore the remains of the Pueblo and the Mission Church. You can even consider taking a guided tour of the Forked Lightning Ranch

Santa Fe Trail

Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Important Details About the Glorieta Pass Battle

1. Reason for Conflict: Union forces and Confederates wanted to control the Glorieta Pass Route through the Sangre de Cristo mountains and the main supply center (Fort Union) for the passage of soldiers and supplies. 

2. Contenders: The Confederates, with volunteers from Texas and under the leadership of General Shipley and the Union forces led by Colonel Canby, and soldiers from Fort Union, New Mexico, and Colorado. 

3. Battle Begins: March 26, 1862

4. Reinforcements: 27th March, 1862

5. Battle Resumes: 28th March, 1862

6. Battle Ends: 29th March, 1862

7. Casualty: Death of 375 People 

8. Consequence: The Union forces defeat the Confederates as they fail to ruin the Fort Union. Further, the Union forces maintain complete control over Southwest America. 

The Glorieta Battlefield Trail is a popular hiking destination today in Pecos National Historical Park. It is a roundtrip loop, and you will have to cover a distance of 2.25 miles to complete your expedition. Further, the unpaved or graveled hiking route makes it moderately difficult for the hikers. In addition, there is an elevation gain of 152 meters

You have to drive for around 7.5 miles from the main visitor center of the park. You will need to collect a gate code from the visitor center, which is your access code, to open the locked gate in front of the trail. 

As you walk through the forest trail, you get to know more about the Civil War in New Mexico. Many infographics are installed throughout the trail, telling you tales from the past. In addition, there are wayside signs and 14 trail markers to explain the history of the battle on this pass in detail. 

More About Hiking The Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Time: Around 1 hour

Refreshments (Hikers’ Favorites): Pecos Burger at El Maria Bonita (With a lot of meat and a smoky green chilly flavor!) and Chips and Salsa, of course!

The Trail Guide you collect from the visitor center already keeps you hooked on the site’s history. Indeed, this trail is less about hiking and more about flipping through the pages of the American Civil War in Mexico. 

Let’s Hear It From Other Visitors To The Park 

Really nice park. Easy to find and it is free!

Inside the visitor center, they had a really great exhibit that followed the pecos overtime. It was super informative and brought a lot more meaning to the actual park. After looking around the exhibit, you can take the trail up and around the park and church. It’s amazing that the walls are still there. The view around the park is also beautiful. We spent about 2 hours here.” – Isabelle M.

I really enjoyed this park. My husband didn’t care for it but I think it’s really amazing what is still here. He thinks it’s all recreation and I can’t say if it is or not but I know the current Pecos people don’t see it that way. It’s pretty awesome that it’s free to visit and the visitors center has a little museum that’s also free! The trail starts near the restrooms. We accidentally started it from the end. But who cares. We saw everything and I recommend checking it out. Native people history is really cool.” – Lydia G.

Exploring Wildlife At The Pecos National Historical Park

This historical national park is a hub of wildlife with a 6,500-acre expansion of forests, rivers, grasslands, and streams. The table below enlists the species that call the Pecos National Historical Park their home. 

MammalsElk of Northern New MexicoColorado Chipmunk DeerRock Squirrel
Birds*Steller’s JayMountain BluebirdBald Eagle
Fish and AmphibiansRio Grande ChubLongnose DaceRainbow TroutBrown TroutNew Mexico Spadefoot ToadWoodhouse ToadTiger SalamanderPlains Leopard Frog
ReptilesShort-horned LizardNew Mexico Whiptail LizardBull SnakesGarter SnakesPrairie Rattlesnakes

You will find the Prairie rattlesnakes along the trails. So, please exercise caution and inform the ranger if you come across one on your way. 

A Quick Glance At Some Important Information About Pecos National Historical Park

You must quickly look at the important information available about Pecos National Historical Park before you set in.

Location: San Miguel County, New Mexico

Established: 28th June, 1965

Area: 27 km²

Highest Landscape: Truchas Peak, 3990 Meter

Visitor Center: Pecos National Historical Park Visitor Center

How to Reach: Via State Road 63 

Entry Fee: Free

Best Time to Visit: Autumn (Early September to Mid October)

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Meet Sibashree Bhattacharya, a travel enthusiast who has a decade-long experience in transcending virtual barriers with her words! Her deep love for travel is apparent from her travel escapades to the mountain, often taking her readers on a journey, her words acting as Portkey! Fun fact: Sibashree loves to dive deep into the history of the places she is about to visit, making her travels even more wholesome. If you were wondering how her articles are not short of time travel, this answers it!

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Everything About Breeze Airways: Breeze Airways Reviews, Features, And More!

BY  sagnika May 10, 2023

The Breeze Airways are a team of hospitality, aviation, and tech enthusiasts who believe that flying is the greatest opportunity and privilege in the world. They also believe that flying should be both a great experience and accessible to everyone. The Breeze Airways™ is a relatively new airline that merges kindness with technology. They provide non-stop services between the under-served routes across the United States of America. They work to provide travelers with affordable fares. Keep reading till the end to find out more information on breeze airways reviews! About Breeze Airways Image Source: www.bostonglobe.com Breeze Airways is a relatively novel American low-cost airline which has its headquarters in Utah’s Cottonwood Heights. The airline was originally established by David Neeleman. It was launched on 27th May of the year 2021. Its inaugural flight was from Tampa International Airport to Charleston International Airport. The Breeze Airways reviews state that they are an amazing airline. Keep reading till the end to find out more about breeze airlines reviews! Leadership Team The Leadership team of Breeze Airways consists of the following people: David Neeleman as the founder and CEO; the president is Tom Doxey; the chief operations is overseen by Mike Wuerger; Natalie Atwood as the Chief People Officer; the general counsel being John Varley; the chief financial officer being Trent Porter and Lukas Johnson as the chief commercial officer. Breeze Airways Destinations Here are the following list of destinations where Breeze Airways extends its services to: StateCities AlabamaHuntsvilleArizonaPhoenixArkansasFayetteville CaliforniaLos AngelesSan BernardinoSan FranciscoSanta AnaConnecticutHartfordFloridaFort MyersJacksonvilleOrlandoSarasotaTampaVero BeachWest Palm BeachGeorgiaSavannahKentuckyLouisvilleLouisianaNew OrleansMainePortlandNevadaLas VegasNew YorkIslipSyracuseWhite PlainsNorth CarolinaRaleighOhioAkronCincinnati/CovingtonColumbusOklahomaOklahoma CityTulsaPennsylvaniaPittsburghRhode IslandProvidenceSouth CarolinaCharlestonTennesseeNashvilleTexasSan AntonioUtahProvoVirginiaNorfolkRichmondWest VirginiaCharleston BreezePoints Rewards Program Breeze Airways very recently started a rewards program for their users in the United States. The Breeze Airways reviews state that they have a points program. It is very straightforward, where one point equates to one cent. A user earns points based on a certain percentage of the cost of their base fare. Tip: Is breeze airways safe? Their airline is completely safe to use. Earning Of BreezePoints The Breeze Airways awards points are based on the cash cost of the base fare and other forms of ancillary fees. A user can earn points based on the following rates: For economy tickets, the fares earn 2% of the base fare. For premium economy tickets, fares earn about 4% of base fare. The carry-on and checked baggage purchases earn 4%. The oversized bag fees, however, do not earn points. The pet-in-cabin purchases also earn 4%. The seat selection purchases earn 4%. They also effectively indicate how many points a user earns for a flight on the "Payment and Summary" screen when a user checks out. Keep reading just a bit more to find out about breeze airways review! Expiration Of BreezePoints The BreezePoints generally expire 24 months - from the original issued date. There's no way to extend the validity of these life points. For instance, if you earn 500 points from downloading of the application of Breeze in the month of May 2021, then you must make sure to use up those 500 points by the month of May, 2023 (and this is to be done even if you earn additional BreezePoints. Breeze Airways Reviews Here are a few breeze airways reviews left by people who have already used their services: Delta Platinum Medallion flyer for over 10 years, and Northwest before that. I gladly take Breeze anytime possible from Fort Myers, Sarasota, Charleston and Hartford. Planes are new, seats are spacious and comfortable, the lavatories are larger then the phone booths on most legacy carriers where if you are 6'-2" or taller good luck hitting your head on the fuselage ceiling. Love Breeze hope they expand service and show what flying should be like. – G. Marko Breeze is a new airline and I imagine a lot of their flights might get shuffled around. I see a common theme from the reviews are connections that don't have direct flights otherwise. It's possible that this review may not stand the test of time, but I for now, I had an amazing experience. My seat reclined super far and I could not have had better sleep in a newer plane. I plan to urge my travel partners to add Breeze into their systems ASAP so I can book easier for work. – S. Thomas Our family of 6 flew out of Akron to Tampa. From booking flights, customer reps at both airports, aircraft condition, flight staff, comport on board to special requests-zero issues and only praise for Breeze. My wife an I travel a lot and using Breeze was the most pleasant recent experience we've had vs. other major airlines. Flight cancellations/delays are not specific to one airline-watch the news these days. Staff shortages are now the norm. All Airline apps have their issues in our experience. We will use Breeze as much as possible when available for our domestic destinations. – Bryan Bryce Breeze turned out to be a great airline. Staff was great, plane was clean and very nice, seats were roomy. Plane was on time going and just about 20 minutes late leaving Las Vegas . All of our luggage went to a different airport in Florida but they were in contact with us before we reached the terminal and stayed in contact until they had it delivered to our house by the next day. I will definitely be using Breeze in the future! – Richard Licare Editor's Two Cents Yes, in my perspective! An excellent airline is Breeze Airways. They have unbeatable low prices, and their onboard amenities are on par with those of any other airline. particularly if, like me, you spring for an Extra Legroom seat. I had no complaints whatsoever regarding this flight, and I can't wait to use Breeze once more. Unfortunately, given their busy schedule, I'm not sure when I'll get the chance to do so. They should rank higher on my list of the greatest US airlines to fly with if they can expand their route network into something more substantial. It's not a very convenient airline to fly with until that happens. Above all, you must realize that a Breeze Airways seat with extra legroom isn't all that superior to a regular seat. Additionally, since this airline primarily operates shorter routes, you might want to reconsider paying the extra cost for even a small amount of additional space. Maybe it's not even worthwhile. Pros The E195 Extra Legroom seats have a luxurious appearance thanks to their white leather-like covering. Look-wise, it's very similar to Virgin America First Class. It's an amazing bargain. The guy in front of me mentioned to his seatmate that he paid $134 for his last-minute ticket, and I paid only $124 for my seat. The extra benefits that come with the seat, like priority boarding, complimentary snacks, a free checked bag, etc., are good. For a Southwest Airlines Business Select seat, you would still receive less for a much higher price. Cons If your flight is less than an hour, it's probably not worth it to pay extra for an Extra Legroom seat. There is some additional legroom, but not much. The actual seats are comparable to those in basic economy. No additional padding or lower back support will be provided. The snacks offered in these first-class seats are comparable to those found in regular economy on almost all US airlines. To Wrap It Up! That is all for information regarding Breeze Airways and their operations. Thank you for reading up till here. I hope you found the information useful. Let me know in the comments your thoughts on the same. Read Also: The Ultimate Guide To Finding Cheap Flights To Chicago Using Google Flights Using Flightscanner To Find Cheap Flights In 2023? All That You Need To Know! 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