Welcome To The Pecos National Historical Park: The Land Of The First American Revolution

Sep 12, 2024

Last Updated on: Aug 29, 2025

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I stood before the remnants of the South Pueblo walls, looking over the Mission Church on an autumn day last year. Looking at the archaeological site and standing below the blue fall sky, I was transported to the time of the American Revolution. 

Further, I could hear the noise of a bustling trade fair with people from the Pecos Pueblo community doing business. However, the historical importance of the park is much beyond its association with the American Revolution. It is also related to the Civil War in New Mexico and the Independence of Mexico

So, with centuries of human history etched in every corner, the Pecos National Historical Park is an intersection of past tales and nature. To be honest, The Pecos Pueblo and Santa Fe Trail were the biggest highlights for me when I was at the national park. 

Therefore, my ode to the park will start with brief accounts of these places. Then, I will talk about the Glorieta Pass, again a site of historical importance in the park. Finally, you will have a quick look at the park’s wildlife. 

Pecos National Historical Park: A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions 

Pecos National Historical Park A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions

The history of human lives in the Pecos National Historical Park goes back to the Preceramic Period or the 11,500 B.C.E. – 600 C.E. However, the Pecos Pueblo site in the park became a prominent place in the history of the American Revolution in the Early Colonial and Pre-Revolt era

Spanish people started interacting with the Pueblo people. Further, thanks to the Franciscan Missions, the Spanish rule wanted to have command over the economic life and beliefs of the Pueblo people. 

Thus, the first seeds of the American Revolution were sown. To combat the oppression of the Spanish people, the Pueblo Revolt took place on 10th August 1680. As a result, the Spanish Government and Franciscan Friars were expelled from the southwest under the leadership of  Po’pay from Ohkay Owengeh. The Spanish Mission Church, built in 1625, was also destroyed in the revolt of 1680. 

However, in 1692, the Spanish People further reclaimed the Pecos Pueblo and many other pueblos. Finally, the Pueblo people declined in numbers in 1700. Before, during, and after the first American Revolution, The Pecos Pueblo emerged as an important location with significant events around it! 

Further, around 200 years later (1821-1846 C.E.), another site in the park, the  Santa Fe Trail, witnessed travelers, settlers, and everyone else passing through it. The trail was opened in 1821 after Mexico gained its independence from Spain. 

The remains of Pecos Pueblo stood there! By the 1830s, the migration of the Pubelo people was complete, and everyone had shifted to the Pueblo of Jemez and continued their traditions. 

Moreover, in 1862, there was the “Battle of Glorieta Pass.” On 26th March 1862, this battle between the Union forces and Confederates occurred at a 700 feet elevation. 

The Pecos Pueblo Site Today 

The rise of the Pecos Pueblo site occurred between 1350 C.E. and 1838 C.E. The Pueblo site had two units, the north and south, and could accommodate around 2000 people. Further, it had 1000 rooms.

Therefore, Pecos Pueblo thrived as a busy trading center with trade fairs involving people from Rio Grande Pueblos, Plains Nations, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific Coast. The flint arrowheads and shells found here explain the expansive stretch of the route. 

Nevertheless, with time, Pecos Pueblo became instrumental in eliminating Spanish oppression and rule. Still, a drop in the trade, Comanche attacks, and diseases deserted Pecos Pueblo. By 1838 C.E., the last resident of the Pueblo had left and joined the Pueblo of Jemez

Today, the site stands as a relic from the past. However, it is still equally important for archaeologists and historians. 

The Santa Fe Trail 

The Santa Fe Trail

Do you know what the Santa Fe Trail marker near Kozlowski’s Trading Post says? It says, 

Santa Fe Trail

1822-1879

Marked by the daughters of the American Revolution and the Territory of Nex Mexico. 

With the independence of New Mexico and the western territories becoming an annexure to New Mexico, the Santa Fe Trail became the route or passage to the westward movement. Naturalists, journalists, travelers, aspirants, traders, and others took this passage as part of the American expansion.

Colonel Henry Inman’s “Stories of the Old Santa Fe Trail,” published in 1881, describes the trail well. If you are a history buff, you must read this book well before visiting the Santa Fe Trail today! 

Kozlowski’s Stage Stop and Trading Post” is the highlight of this trail. You can spend some time here to visualize travelers from the past catching some rest after a long journey through the trail. When on the trail, you can explore the remains of the Pueblo and the Mission Church. You can even consider taking a guided tour of the Forked Lightning Ranch

Santa Fe Trail

Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Important Details About the Glorieta Pass Battle

1. Reason for Conflict: Union forces and Confederates wanted to control the Glorieta Pass Route through the Sangre de Cristo mountains and the main supply center (Fort Union) for the passage of soldiers and supplies. 

2. Contenders: The Confederates, with volunteers from Texas and under the leadership of General Shipley and the Union forces led by Colonel Canby, and soldiers from Fort Union, New Mexico, and Colorado. 

3. Battle Begins: March 26, 1862

4. Reinforcements: 27th March, 1862

5. Battle Resumes: 28th March, 1862

6. Battle Ends: 29th March, 1862

7. Casualty: Death of 375 People 

8. Consequence: The Union forces defeat the Confederates as they fail to ruin the Fort Union. Further, the Union forces maintain complete control over Southwest America. 

The Glorieta Battlefield Trail is a popular hiking destination today in Pecos National Historical Park. It is a roundtrip loop, and you will have to cover a distance of 2.25 miles to complete your expedition. Further, the unpaved or graveled hiking route makes it moderately difficult for the hikers. In addition, there is an elevation gain of 152 meters

You have to drive for around 7.5 miles from the main visitor center of the park. You will need to collect a gate code from the visitor center, which is your access code, to open the locked gate in front of the trail. 

As you walk through the forest trail, you get to know more about the Civil War in New Mexico. Many infographics are installed throughout the trail, telling you tales from the past. In addition, there are wayside signs and 14 trail markers to explain the history of the battle on this pass in detail. 

More About Hiking The Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Time: Around 1 hour

Refreshments (Hikers’ Favorites): Pecos Burger at El Maria Bonita (With a lot of meat and a smoky green chilly flavor!) and Chips and Salsa, of course!

The Trail Guide you collect from the visitor center already keeps you hooked on the site’s history. Indeed, this trail is less about hiking and more about flipping through the pages of the American Civil War in Mexico. 

Let’s Hear It From Other Visitors To The Park 

Really nice park. Easy to find and it is free!

Inside the visitor center, they had a really great exhibit that followed the pecos overtime. It was super informative and brought a lot more meaning to the actual park. After looking around the exhibit, you can take the trail up and around the park and church. It’s amazing that the walls are still there. The view around the park is also beautiful. We spent about 2 hours here.” – Isabelle M.

I really enjoyed this park. My husband didn’t care for it but I think it’s really amazing what is still here. He thinks it’s all recreation and I can’t say if it is or not but I know the current Pecos people don’t see it that way. It’s pretty awesome that it’s free to visit and the visitors center has a little museum that’s also free! The trail starts near the restrooms. We accidentally started it from the end. But who cares. We saw everything and I recommend checking it out. Native people history is really cool.” – Lydia G.

Exploring Wildlife At The Pecos National Historical Park

This historical national park is a hub of wildlife with a 6,500-acre expansion of forests, rivers, grasslands, and streams. The table below enlists the species that call the Pecos National Historical Park their home. 

MammalsElk of Northern New MexicoColorado Chipmunk DeerRock Squirrel
Birds*Steller’s JayMountain BluebirdBald Eagle
Fish and AmphibiansRio Grande ChubLongnose DaceRainbow TroutBrown TroutNew Mexico Spadefoot ToadWoodhouse ToadTiger SalamanderPlains Leopard Frog
ReptilesShort-horned LizardNew Mexico Whiptail LizardBull SnakesGarter SnakesPrairie Rattlesnakes

You will find the Prairie rattlesnakes along the trails. So, please exercise caution and inform the ranger if you come across one on your way. 

A Quick Glance At Some Important Information About Pecos National Historical Park

You must quickly look at the important information available about Pecos National Historical Park before you set in.

Location: San Miguel County, New Mexico

Established: 28th June, 1965

Area: 27 km²

Highest Landscape: Truchas Peak, 3990 Meter

Visitor Center: Pecos National Historical Park Visitor Center

How to Reach: Via State Road 63 

Entry Fee: Free

Best Time to Visit: Autumn (Early September to Mid October)

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Meet Sibashree Bhattacharya, a travel enthusiast who has a decade-long experience in transcending virtual barriers with her words! Her deep love for travel is apparent from her travel escapades to the mountain, often taking her readers on a journey, her words acting as Portkey! Fun fact: Sibashree loves to dive deep into the history of the places she is about to visit, making her travels even more wholesome. If you were wondering how her articles are not short of time travel, this answers it!

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You can see these amazing machines up close as well as discover more about how our pilots operate them. Apart from witnessing the aircraft, you can also watch actual fossils being prepared in their laboratory! Visitors can observe experts working on dinosaur bones as well as other ancient specimens in a real fossil prep lab located inside this museum. Hence, observing how they are handling these precious relics firsthand is fascinating! When in the area, make sure to visit the Western Sky Aviation Warbird Museum, which is regarded as one of the Best Things to Do in St. George, Utah. If you would rather explore on your own, then the museum also provides self-guided tours and guided tours led by knowledgeable tour guides. Red Hills Desert Garden The Red Hills Desert Garden in St. George, Utah is one of our favorite places to visit. Situated on Red Hills Parkway, this botanical garden provides sweeping views of the city. Moreover, it is close to Pioneer Park.   Built on top of Dixie's red rocks, this location boasts a unique desert landscape that cannot be found anywhere else, which is what makes it so special. The public can enter the garden for free, hence making it a cost-effective way to spend a day in St. George. A man-made stream meandering through the park provides a soothing sound as you stroll along paths bordered with native plants. Moreover, the Virgin River provides the water, which heightens the tranquil atmosphere this urban oasis creates. A day trip to St. George is a great idea if you're looking for something different and serene to include in your Las Vegas itinerary. Moreover, make sure to visit Red Hills Desert Garden alone. St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site During your trip to Utah, visit the St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm. It is bound to be an incredible experience! Thousands of dinosaur footprints are preserved in this museum at the exact location where they were found. Discover unique fossils as well as dinosaur exhibits that will excite any history buff as you explore the museum. Even more thrilling is the fact that guests can use their hands to unearth replica fossils! The location is renowned for its remarkable array of preserved dinosaur footprints from various taxa, such as ornithopods, theropods, as well as sauropods. During an interactive tour, the guides provided us with astonishing information about these creatures that ruled our planet millions of years ago. Overall, this hidden gem in southern Utah is genuinely unique. So, if you're considering a weekend trip to St. George, then make sure not to miss it! Vortex Hike If you only do one in the vicinity of St. George, then we suggest the Vortex hike as a unique hike. The entire hike is amazing, in addition to the Vortex itself being incredible. While it's very busy and well-liked on weekends, we only saw one other group as we were leaving during our midweek visit. This is a moderate hike that takes about one or one and a half hours to complete (not including the time you want to hang out there). It is about 2.16 miles round trip. Remember that the final five miles will be on unpaved roads. When we went, there were some muddy and dubious areas on the road because it had just snowed. Although four-wheel drive as well as high clearance are always helpful, we also noticed a minivan in the parking lot. When trying to take pictures of the Vortex, the sun's position is a major factor. To prevent harsh shadows on the rock feature, you should be there either at dawn, dusk, or midday when the sun is at its highest. On a cloudy day, any time is acceptable. Given that some of the cairns were difficult to locate, we strongly advise obtaining an offline map for the trail. Get the maps by downloading an app, and you won't have to worry about getting lost. Scout Cave If you have limited afternoon time when visiting Snow Canyon State Park, then trek to Jenny's Canyon and Scout Cave. The hike wasn't too interesting, but Scout Cave was lovely. Moreover, Jenny's Canyon is an easy 10-minute stop with a short approach. This state park is remarkably close to the city. It is also just ten minutes away. After speaking with a few locals, we learned that because people are so intent on seeing Zion, they frequently overlook it. Next, when we have more time, we'd like to spend a whole day exploring the remaining portion of the park. We would have given ourselves a whole day to explore the remainder of the park if we had known better. Because Snow Canyon offers an abundance of hiking opportunities. Scout Cave appears far better in the morning light than it does in the afternoon or evening. This is definitely one of the many fun things to do in St George Utah. Getting To St George: Driving For those who want to take their time exploring Utah's breathtaking natural scenery, driving from Las Vegas to St. George, UT, is a popular choice. So, the trip is usually completed in two hours and travels about 120 miles. One option is to pick up a car at the airport in Las Vegas and then head directly to southern Utah. You get a preview of what's to come as you get closer to St. George, where the scenery changes to towering red rock formations and sandstone cliffs. It's crucial to keep in mind that the route between Las Vegas and St. George can occasionally get very solitary. So be ready with extra water, gas, and food in case there are any unforeseen delays or detours. But the ride itself is very scenic, with gorgeous views of neighboring state parks like Valley of Fire and charming little towns along the way. If you don't feel like driving, then there are lots of tours that can handle all your transportation requirements. Moreover, they offer enlightening commentary on the natural wonders and history of the St. George area. Take A Tour So, there are numerous tours available for visitors who want to explore St. George while they are in Las Vegas. Taking a guided tour with one of the many companies based in Las Vegas, such as Pink Jeep Tours and Grand Canyon Tour Company, is one option. These tours usually take you along picturesque routes so you can enjoy the scenery as you travel between the two cities. Therefore, there is sure to be something exciting waiting for every visitor interested in seeing everything that St. George has to offer, with a variety of options available, from gentle sightseeing trips appropriate for all ages to hardcore expeditions for experienced enthusiasts ready for rougher terrains! Wrapping Up To sum up, if you're searching for unique experiences as well as outdoor adventures, then St. George, Utah, is a great place to visit. Also, this city offers activities for all kinds of visitors, from hiking in Zion National Park to visiting the Western Sky Aviation Warbird Museum. A variety of activities are available for visitors to enjoy, such as exploring the Little Black Mountain Petroglyph Site and kayaking at Sand Hollow State Park. Read Also: Best 9 Things To Do In El Paso! Here Are The 10 Best Things To Do In Baltimore! Roman Revelations: Unforgettable Things To Do In Rome, The Heart Of Italy!