Welcome To The Pecos National Historical Park: The Land Of The First American Revolution

Sep 12, 2024

Last Updated on: Aug 29, 2025

Travel Guides

I stood before the remnants of the South Pueblo walls, looking over the Mission Church on an autumn day last year. Looking at the archaeological site and standing below the blue fall sky, I was transported to the time of the American Revolution. 

Further, I could hear the noise of a bustling trade fair with people from the Pecos Pueblo community doing business. However, the historical importance of the park is much beyond its association with the American Revolution. It is also related to the Civil War in New Mexico and the Independence of Mexico

So, with centuries of human history etched in every corner, the Pecos National Historical Park is an intersection of past tales and nature. To be honest, The Pecos Pueblo and Santa Fe Trail were the biggest highlights for me when I was at the national park. 

Therefore, my ode to the park will start with brief accounts of these places. Then, I will talk about the Glorieta Pass, again a site of historical importance in the park. Finally, you will have a quick look at the park’s wildlife. 

Pecos National Historical Park: A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions 

Pecos National Historical Park A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions

The history of human lives in the Pecos National Historical Park goes back to the Preceramic Period or the 11,500 B.C.E. – 600 C.E. However, the Pecos Pueblo site in the park became a prominent place in the history of the American Revolution in the Early Colonial and Pre-Revolt era

Spanish people started interacting with the Pueblo people. Further, thanks to the Franciscan Missions, the Spanish rule wanted to have command over the economic life and beliefs of the Pueblo people. 

Thus, the first seeds of the American Revolution were sown. To combat the oppression of the Spanish people, the Pueblo Revolt took place on 10th August 1680. As a result, the Spanish Government and Franciscan Friars were expelled from the southwest under the leadership of  Po’pay from Ohkay Owengeh. The Spanish Mission Church, built in 1625, was also destroyed in the revolt of 1680. 

However, in 1692, the Spanish People further reclaimed the Pecos Pueblo and many other pueblos. Finally, the Pueblo people declined in numbers in 1700. Before, during, and after the first American Revolution, The Pecos Pueblo emerged as an important location with significant events around it! 

Further, around 200 years later (1821-1846 C.E.), another site in the park, the  Santa Fe Trail, witnessed travelers, settlers, and everyone else passing through it. The trail was opened in 1821 after Mexico gained its independence from Spain. 

The remains of Pecos Pueblo stood there! By the 1830s, the migration of the Pubelo people was complete, and everyone had shifted to the Pueblo of Jemez and continued their traditions. 

Moreover, in 1862, there was the “Battle of Glorieta Pass.” On 26th March 1862, this battle between the Union forces and Confederates occurred at a 700 feet elevation. 

The Pecos Pueblo Site Today 

The rise of the Pecos Pueblo site occurred between 1350 C.E. and 1838 C.E. The Pueblo site had two units, the north and south, and could accommodate around 2000 people. Further, it had 1000 rooms.

Therefore, Pecos Pueblo thrived as a busy trading center with trade fairs involving people from Rio Grande Pueblos, Plains Nations, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific Coast. The flint arrowheads and shells found here explain the expansive stretch of the route. 

Nevertheless, with time, Pecos Pueblo became instrumental in eliminating Spanish oppression and rule. Still, a drop in the trade, Comanche attacks, and diseases deserted Pecos Pueblo. By 1838 C.E., the last resident of the Pueblo had left and joined the Pueblo of Jemez

Today, the site stands as a relic from the past. However, it is still equally important for archaeologists and historians. 

The Santa Fe Trail 

The Santa Fe Trail

Do you know what the Santa Fe Trail marker near Kozlowski’s Trading Post says? It says, 

Santa Fe Trail

1822-1879

Marked by the daughters of the American Revolution and the Territory of Nex Mexico. 

With the independence of New Mexico and the western territories becoming an annexure to New Mexico, the Santa Fe Trail became the route or passage to the westward movement. Naturalists, journalists, travelers, aspirants, traders, and others took this passage as part of the American expansion.

Colonel Henry Inman’s “Stories of the Old Santa Fe Trail,” published in 1881, describes the trail well. If you are a history buff, you must read this book well before visiting the Santa Fe Trail today! 

Kozlowski’s Stage Stop and Trading Post” is the highlight of this trail. You can spend some time here to visualize travelers from the past catching some rest after a long journey through the trail. When on the trail, you can explore the remains of the Pueblo and the Mission Church. You can even consider taking a guided tour of the Forked Lightning Ranch

Santa Fe Trail

Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Important Details About the Glorieta Pass Battle

1. Reason for Conflict: Union forces and Confederates wanted to control the Glorieta Pass Route through the Sangre de Cristo mountains and the main supply center (Fort Union) for the passage of soldiers and supplies. 

2. Contenders: The Confederates, with volunteers from Texas and under the leadership of General Shipley and the Union forces led by Colonel Canby, and soldiers from Fort Union, New Mexico, and Colorado. 

3. Battle Begins: March 26, 1862

4. Reinforcements: 27th March, 1862

5. Battle Resumes: 28th March, 1862

6. Battle Ends: 29th March, 1862

7. Casualty: Death of 375 People 

8. Consequence: The Union forces defeat the Confederates as they fail to ruin the Fort Union. Further, the Union forces maintain complete control over Southwest America. 

The Glorieta Battlefield Trail is a popular hiking destination today in Pecos National Historical Park. It is a roundtrip loop, and you will have to cover a distance of 2.25 miles to complete your expedition. Further, the unpaved or graveled hiking route makes it moderately difficult for the hikers. In addition, there is an elevation gain of 152 meters

You have to drive for around 7.5 miles from the main visitor center of the park. You will need to collect a gate code from the visitor center, which is your access code, to open the locked gate in front of the trail. 

As you walk through the forest trail, you get to know more about the Civil War in New Mexico. Many infographics are installed throughout the trail, telling you tales from the past. In addition, there are wayside signs and 14 trail markers to explain the history of the battle on this pass in detail. 

More About Hiking The Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Time: Around 1 hour

Refreshments (Hikers’ Favorites): Pecos Burger at El Maria Bonita (With a lot of meat and a smoky green chilly flavor!) and Chips and Salsa, of course!

The Trail Guide you collect from the visitor center already keeps you hooked on the site’s history. Indeed, this trail is less about hiking and more about flipping through the pages of the American Civil War in Mexico. 

Let’s Hear It From Other Visitors To The Park 

Really nice park. Easy to find and it is free!

Inside the visitor center, they had a really great exhibit that followed the pecos overtime. It was super informative and brought a lot more meaning to the actual park. After looking around the exhibit, you can take the trail up and around the park and church. It’s amazing that the walls are still there. The view around the park is also beautiful. We spent about 2 hours here.” – Isabelle M.

I really enjoyed this park. My husband didn’t care for it but I think it’s really amazing what is still here. He thinks it’s all recreation and I can’t say if it is or not but I know the current Pecos people don’t see it that way. It’s pretty awesome that it’s free to visit and the visitors center has a little museum that’s also free! The trail starts near the restrooms. We accidentally started it from the end. But who cares. We saw everything and I recommend checking it out. Native people history is really cool.” – Lydia G.

Exploring Wildlife At The Pecos National Historical Park

This historical national park is a hub of wildlife with a 6,500-acre expansion of forests, rivers, grasslands, and streams. The table below enlists the species that call the Pecos National Historical Park their home. 

MammalsElk of Northern New MexicoColorado Chipmunk DeerRock Squirrel
Birds*Steller’s JayMountain BluebirdBald Eagle
Fish and AmphibiansRio Grande ChubLongnose DaceRainbow TroutBrown TroutNew Mexico Spadefoot ToadWoodhouse ToadTiger SalamanderPlains Leopard Frog
ReptilesShort-horned LizardNew Mexico Whiptail LizardBull SnakesGarter SnakesPrairie Rattlesnakes

You will find the Prairie rattlesnakes along the trails. So, please exercise caution and inform the ranger if you come across one on your way. 

A Quick Glance At Some Important Information About Pecos National Historical Park

You must quickly look at the important information available about Pecos National Historical Park before you set in.

Location: San Miguel County, New Mexico

Established: 28th June, 1965

Area: 27 km²

Highest Landscape: Truchas Peak, 3990 Meter

Visitor Center: Pecos National Historical Park Visitor Center

How to Reach: Via State Road 63 

Entry Fee: Free

Best Time to Visit: Autumn (Early September to Mid October)

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Meet Sibashree Bhattacharya, a travel enthusiast who has a decade-long experience in transcending virtual barriers with her words! Her deep love for travel is apparent from her travel escapades to the mountain, often taking her readers on a journey, her words acting as Portkey! Fun fact: Sibashree loves to dive deep into the history of the places she is about to visit, making her travels even more wholesome. If you were wondering how her articles are not short of time travel, this answers it!

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Did you know that the world's first "selfie" was invented in Australia? Did you know thatthat Australia has the world's longest fence? There are so many interesting and surprising things about Australia that will shock and surprise you. In this blog, I will share some interesting facts about Australia. You will be inspired to visit the country, especially because you will create symbiotic relationships. You can perform several adventurous activities along with beautiful landscapes. Furthermore, these are interesting facts about several states in Australia! The blog will teach you a lot about planning your itinerary to visit these interesting places. I will share several things to do in Australia related to these facts! I am sure you will be inspired to visit these places and enjoy yourself. You will also learn about various unique places in Australia! Interesting Facts about Australia that will surprise you! If you have heard a lot about Australia, what will you do when you go there? This huge country has so much to offer, from beautiful views to unique animals. It is a secure place to travel, and the beautiful locales around it are a delight. It is an interesting place because it includes several aspects that combine to create a beautiful lifestyle. There are multicultural communities, and the natural environment adds a beautiful flavour to the country, along with the diverse people, excellent food, and delicious wine. Did you know that Australia has about 60 regions that produce wine? Imagine the diverse flavors and the production process. Therefore, you cannot miss the restaurants in Australia! Let me share with you some of the interesting facts about Australia that will bring together the place's beauty and vibrancy. World's Most Unique Wildlife What do I even say when it comes to the diverse wildlife in Australia? It has the most unique animals on the global scale, as 80% of the wildlife is endemic to Australia. Can you imagine the significance of these animals, as we need to protect them? A report claims that about 87% of mammals, 94% of frogs, 45% of birds, and 93% of reptiles in Australia only exist there. From Koalas to iconic Kangaroos, wombats, and elusive echidnas, you can see various wildlife. Echidnas and Platypus are the only mammals that lay eggs, but did you know they are only found in Australia? The place is so filled with wildlife that, apart from zoos and national parks, you might encounter them in the open. The country has one of the oldest Island cultures, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, who experienced oppression and displacement at the hands of European colonization! A Country and A Continent   Did you know that Australia is both a continent and a country? Australia is the 6th largest country on the global scale. Geographically, Australia is a part of Oceania, which is inclusive of Melanesia, Polynesia, Australasia, and Micronesia. Oceania's subregions include New Zealand, New Guinea, and Australia. It is one of the smallest continents in the world, lying between the Indian and Pacific Oceans in the Southern Hemisphere. Hemisphere. If you are traveling to Australia, you also need to check out the beaches in Australia! The Majority of Uluru is Underground Uluru in Australia is known for its beautiful sunset, which is framed by a huge rock! It is now a UNESCO World Heritage site, and it can be identified as a natural and cultural element of Australia. The place is quite sacred for the Aboriginal tribes as it is surrounded by scrubland! The rock is 2.5km underground and is believed to be related to Olgas. You will then see it emerge 16 miles away. You can also visit Uluru by railway between Adelaide and Darwin or by plane! The stark beauty of the rock against the beautiful sky with the best sunset offers an amazing view. You can also enjoy the pitch-black skies along with the several sparkling stars. If you are going from Alice Springs, you can enjoy it a lot, especially when you plan to visit Uluru. The Longest Straight Section of Train Track Did you know that Australia has the longest straight section of train tracks? Let me tell you, the rail journey between Perth and Sydney, known as the Indian Pacific, is the longest straight section! The tracks snake around the country, where you can check out the beautiful blue mountains! The train moves towards the mountainous Flinders Ranges, giving you some spectacular views! I would also suggest you stop in Adelaide. Of course, you cannot miss the gourmet food, the wide-open spaces of the city, and the art museums. Further, the train takes you across the fertile Avon Valley and into Sydney. You will receive luxury services on the train! The Largest Sand Island in the World Australia has the largest sand Island, which you can explore by hopping on a boat! Why don't you plan a trip to Queensland? The highlight of this trip will be the sandy shores of Fraser Island. There are some jumping-off points, and Hervey Bay is one of them. You must take a boat to discover this delightful place, an island paradise with white sands. Lake MacKenzie, surrounded by a white sand shore where you can swim, awaits you! You can also take a dip into the Champagne Pools, which have shallow water, and swim across the edge of the ocean. There are about 150 dingos on this island, so you can check out these wild dogs. However, keep your distance because they are wild and aggressive. Dingos, the wild dogs, are not like the local or domestic dogs and live in the national park of K'gari Island or Fraser Island! Dingos, the wild dogs, are not like the local or domestic dogs and live in the national park of K'gari Island or Fraser Island! If you love the beach, check out the beaches in Perth! No Active Volcano in Australia Can you imagine that with so many volcanoes worldwide, Australia is the only continent without any active volcanoes? If you are planning to travel to Australia, it is one of the safest countries in the world. With the wildlife which is quite notorious even though it is not deadly all the time! Of course, there is a location in Southeast Australia, also called Newer Volcanic Province, where there is a collection of about 400 volcanoes spread across 15000 square kilometers (about the area of Connecticut). The Largest Eco-System in the World Can you imagine that Australia has the largest ecosystem in the world? The Great Barrier Reef is the joy and pride of Australia, with about 2500 individual reefs. Did you know that these reefs are visible from space? Apparently, halfway down the eastern coast of the country, it is covered in it! There are several jumping-off points where you can go down into the water and check out the kaleidoscopic coral. The cities closer to these reefs are Cairns, Townsville, Airlie Beach, and Port Douglas. Several activities, namely deep-sea diving, snorkeling, swimming, and surfing can be attempted and done. Marines, like sea turtles and colorful fish, live in these reefs. The Australian Alps Receive More Snow Compared to Swiss Alps Did you know that the Australian Alps have heavy snowfall between June and September? It is shocking that it is heavier than the Swiss Alps. The Alps are across Victoria and New South Wales and are a perfect place for skiing! During the northern hemisphere summer, you can enjoy the environment, so you can go skiing. Apart from that, you can also enjoy the beautiful environment. There are two large resorts, namely Perisher and Thredbo, near Canberra. Finishing Off In short, the interesting facts about Australia will not only surprise you but also shock you! After reading the blog, you will learn how the continent has worked hard to create a sustainable and diverse ecosystem. There are many other interesting facts, but the ones mentioned are quite significant. The diverse aspects of Australia will not only interest you but also teach you a lot of things. Comment on which part of Australia you want to visit and why. Learn More About: How To Enjoy Your Night In Sydney? 6 Tips For A Luxurious Trip To Australia 8 Best Places To Live In Australia For You If You Have A Family Do You Know The Best Time To Visit Australia? Read All About It!