Welcome To The Pecos National Historical Park: The Land Of The First American Revolution

Sep 12, 2024

Last Updated on: Aug 29, 2025

Travel Guides

I stood before the remnants of the South Pueblo walls, looking over the Mission Church on an autumn day last year. Looking at the archaeological site and standing below the blue fall sky, I was transported to the time of the American Revolution. 

Further, I could hear the noise of a bustling trade fair with people from the Pecos Pueblo community doing business. However, the historical importance of the park is much beyond its association with the American Revolution. It is also related to the Civil War in New Mexico and the Independence of Mexico

So, with centuries of human history etched in every corner, the Pecos National Historical Park is an intersection of past tales and nature. To be honest, The Pecos Pueblo and Santa Fe Trail were the biggest highlights for me when I was at the national park. 

Therefore, my ode to the park will start with brief accounts of these places. Then, I will talk about the Glorieta Pass, again a site of historical importance in the park. Finally, you will have a quick look at the park’s wildlife. 

Pecos National Historical Park: A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions 

Pecos National Historical Park A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions

The history of human lives in the Pecos National Historical Park goes back to the Preceramic Period or the 11,500 B.C.E. – 600 C.E. However, the Pecos Pueblo site in the park became a prominent place in the history of the American Revolution in the Early Colonial and Pre-Revolt era

Spanish people started interacting with the Pueblo people. Further, thanks to the Franciscan Missions, the Spanish rule wanted to have command over the economic life and beliefs of the Pueblo people. 

Thus, the first seeds of the American Revolution were sown. To combat the oppression of the Spanish people, the Pueblo Revolt took place on 10th August 1680. As a result, the Spanish Government and Franciscan Friars were expelled from the southwest under the leadership of  Po’pay from Ohkay Owengeh. The Spanish Mission Church, built in 1625, was also destroyed in the revolt of 1680. 

However, in 1692, the Spanish People further reclaimed the Pecos Pueblo and many other pueblos. Finally, the Pueblo people declined in numbers in 1700. Before, during, and after the first American Revolution, The Pecos Pueblo emerged as an important location with significant events around it! 

Further, around 200 years later (1821-1846 C.E.), another site in the park, the  Santa Fe Trail, witnessed travelers, settlers, and everyone else passing through it. The trail was opened in 1821 after Mexico gained its independence from Spain. 

The remains of Pecos Pueblo stood there! By the 1830s, the migration of the Pubelo people was complete, and everyone had shifted to the Pueblo of Jemez and continued their traditions. 

Moreover, in 1862, there was the “Battle of Glorieta Pass.” On 26th March 1862, this battle between the Union forces and Confederates occurred at a 700 feet elevation. 

The Pecos Pueblo Site Today 

The rise of the Pecos Pueblo site occurred between 1350 C.E. and 1838 C.E. The Pueblo site had two units, the north and south, and could accommodate around 2000 people. Further, it had 1000 rooms.

Therefore, Pecos Pueblo thrived as a busy trading center with trade fairs involving people from Rio Grande Pueblos, Plains Nations, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific Coast. The flint arrowheads and shells found here explain the expansive stretch of the route. 

Nevertheless, with time, Pecos Pueblo became instrumental in eliminating Spanish oppression and rule. Still, a drop in the trade, Comanche attacks, and diseases deserted Pecos Pueblo. By 1838 C.E., the last resident of the Pueblo had left and joined the Pueblo of Jemez

Today, the site stands as a relic from the past. However, it is still equally important for archaeologists and historians. 

The Santa Fe Trail 

The Santa Fe Trail

Do you know what the Santa Fe Trail marker near Kozlowski’s Trading Post says? It says, 

Santa Fe Trail

1822-1879

Marked by the daughters of the American Revolution and the Territory of Nex Mexico. 

With the independence of New Mexico and the western territories becoming an annexure to New Mexico, the Santa Fe Trail became the route or passage to the westward movement. Naturalists, journalists, travelers, aspirants, traders, and others took this passage as part of the American expansion.

Colonel Henry Inman’s “Stories of the Old Santa Fe Trail,” published in 1881, describes the trail well. If you are a history buff, you must read this book well before visiting the Santa Fe Trail today! 

Kozlowski’s Stage Stop and Trading Post” is the highlight of this trail. You can spend some time here to visualize travelers from the past catching some rest after a long journey through the trail. When on the trail, you can explore the remains of the Pueblo and the Mission Church. You can even consider taking a guided tour of the Forked Lightning Ranch

Santa Fe Trail

Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Important Details About the Glorieta Pass Battle

1. Reason for Conflict: Union forces and Confederates wanted to control the Glorieta Pass Route through the Sangre de Cristo mountains and the main supply center (Fort Union) for the passage of soldiers and supplies. 

2. Contenders: The Confederates, with volunteers from Texas and under the leadership of General Shipley and the Union forces led by Colonel Canby, and soldiers from Fort Union, New Mexico, and Colorado. 

3. Battle Begins: March 26, 1862

4. Reinforcements: 27th March, 1862

5. Battle Resumes: 28th March, 1862

6. Battle Ends: 29th March, 1862

7. Casualty: Death of 375 People 

8. Consequence: The Union forces defeat the Confederates as they fail to ruin the Fort Union. Further, the Union forces maintain complete control over Southwest America. 

The Glorieta Battlefield Trail is a popular hiking destination today in Pecos National Historical Park. It is a roundtrip loop, and you will have to cover a distance of 2.25 miles to complete your expedition. Further, the unpaved or graveled hiking route makes it moderately difficult for the hikers. In addition, there is an elevation gain of 152 meters

You have to drive for around 7.5 miles from the main visitor center of the park. You will need to collect a gate code from the visitor center, which is your access code, to open the locked gate in front of the trail. 

As you walk through the forest trail, you get to know more about the Civil War in New Mexico. Many infographics are installed throughout the trail, telling you tales from the past. In addition, there are wayside signs and 14 trail markers to explain the history of the battle on this pass in detail. 

More About Hiking The Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Time: Around 1 hour

Refreshments (Hikers’ Favorites): Pecos Burger at El Maria Bonita (With a lot of meat and a smoky green chilly flavor!) and Chips and Salsa, of course!

The Trail Guide you collect from the visitor center already keeps you hooked on the site’s history. Indeed, this trail is less about hiking and more about flipping through the pages of the American Civil War in Mexico. 

Let’s Hear It From Other Visitors To The Park 

Really nice park. Easy to find and it is free!

Inside the visitor center, they had a really great exhibit that followed the pecos overtime. It was super informative and brought a lot more meaning to the actual park. After looking around the exhibit, you can take the trail up and around the park and church. It’s amazing that the walls are still there. The view around the park is also beautiful. We spent about 2 hours here.” – Isabelle M.

I really enjoyed this park. My husband didn’t care for it but I think it’s really amazing what is still here. He thinks it’s all recreation and I can’t say if it is or not but I know the current Pecos people don’t see it that way. It’s pretty awesome that it’s free to visit and the visitors center has a little museum that’s also free! The trail starts near the restrooms. We accidentally started it from the end. But who cares. We saw everything and I recommend checking it out. Native people history is really cool.” – Lydia G.

Exploring Wildlife At The Pecos National Historical Park

This historical national park is a hub of wildlife with a 6,500-acre expansion of forests, rivers, grasslands, and streams. The table below enlists the species that call the Pecos National Historical Park their home. 

MammalsElk of Northern New MexicoColorado Chipmunk DeerRock Squirrel
Birds*Steller’s JayMountain BluebirdBald Eagle
Fish and AmphibiansRio Grande ChubLongnose DaceRainbow TroutBrown TroutNew Mexico Spadefoot ToadWoodhouse ToadTiger SalamanderPlains Leopard Frog
ReptilesShort-horned LizardNew Mexico Whiptail LizardBull SnakesGarter SnakesPrairie Rattlesnakes

You will find the Prairie rattlesnakes along the trails. So, please exercise caution and inform the ranger if you come across one on your way. 

A Quick Glance At Some Important Information About Pecos National Historical Park

You must quickly look at the important information available about Pecos National Historical Park before you set in.

Location: San Miguel County, New Mexico

Established: 28th June, 1965

Area: 27 km²

Highest Landscape: Truchas Peak, 3990 Meter

Visitor Center: Pecos National Historical Park Visitor Center

How to Reach: Via State Road 63 

Entry Fee: Free

Best Time to Visit: Autumn (Early September to Mid October)

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Meet Sibashree Bhattacharya, a travel enthusiast who has a decade-long experience in transcending virtual barriers with her words! Her deep love for travel is apparent from her travel escapades to the mountain, often taking her readers on a journey, her words acting as Portkey! Fun fact: Sibashree loves to dive deep into the history of the places she is about to visit, making her travels even more wholesome. If you were wondering how her articles are not short of time travel, this answers it!

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Public Bus: An Affordable Option If you're considering public transportation, the Ruta del Desierto bus service is a convenient and inexpensive option. These purple and orange buses run along the Tourist Corridor between Cabo San Lucas and San Jose del Cabo. The bus service, though not the fastest, is a reliable mode of transportation, with buses running every 15 to 30 minutes. Bus conditions can vary - some are air-conditioned, while others may be stuffy. Don't be surprised if you encounter a freelance guitarist hoping for a tip from passengers. The local bus service is a cost-effective way of getting around Cabo San Lucas, with fares as low as 40 pesos (less than $2.50 USD a person). 3. Renting a Car: Freedom to Explore Renting a car offers the freedom and flexibility to explore Los Cabos at your own pace. Several car rental agencies operate in Los Cabos, offering competitive deals. However, keep in mind that you will need to purchase a car insurance policy, as your existing insurance may not cover you in Mexico. While driving in Cabo is generally safe, it's crucial to exercise caution. Try to avoid driving at night, particularly during weekends and holidays. The highways are well-maintained, but it's advisable to use a GPS or reliable map as road signs can be inadequate. 4. Taxis: A Convenient Option Taxis offer convenient transportation due to their availability and ease of access. They can be found easily throughout the town, making them accessible for travelers. With numerous taxis circulating, getting around becomes swift, especially for short distances or when navigating within the town's central areas.  They provide a hassle-free option for visitors unfamiliar with the town's layout or those looking for a quick and direct mode of transportation. Taxis also cater to different group sizes and offer a comfortable way to explore various attractions and beaches, making them a reliable and convenient choice for getting around Cabo San Lucas. 5. Uber: A Comfortable and Affordable Alternative Uber serves as a fantastic option for navigating Cabo San Lucas due to its ease, cost-effectiveness, and safety. It offers a convenient app-based platform, allowing travelers to request rides and track their drivers in real-time.  Transparent pricing ensures fair fares without negotiation hassles. Additionally, Uber provides a sense of security through driver information and trip tracking, especially for tourists. It's a reliable alternative, especially during peak times or when taxis might be scarce.  With a familiar interface and English-speaking drivers, Uber has become an accessible choice for visitors seeking a comfortable, affordable, and dependable means of transportation. 6. Airport Shuttle Service: Smooth and Hassle-free Transportation to and from Cabo Airport can be simplified with an airport shuttle service. This pre-arranged transportation service can escort you from the airport to accommodations or other destinations and can include shuttles, private cars, or vans arranged beforehand or through resorts/hotels.  They ensure a smooth transition upon arrival, minimizing travel stress. Generally booked in advance, shuttle services offer convenience, reliability, and often personalized experiences. They eliminate the need to navigate transportation options upon landing, providing a seamless journey to hotels or resorts.  Shuttles can be tailored to suit individual preferences, offering comfort, safety, and sometimes added perks like refreshments or guided information about the area. Related: Is Cabo San Lucas Safe? – Let’s Find Out! 7. Water Taxis: A Unique Mode of Transportation Water taxis in Cabo San Lucas offer a scenic and unconventional way to travel. They ferry passengers between beaches and landmarks. These vibrant boats cruise along the coastline, providing picturesque views of the town.  With their colorful designs and open-air setting, they offer a memorable and enjoyable ride. Passengers can hop on for quick transfers or scenic tours around the famous Arch and Lover's Beach. The experience adds an adventurous touch to exploring Cabo San Lucas's coastal beauty. 8. Renting Bikes: Great for Short Excursions Bikes are fantastic for short trips in Cabo San Lucas due to the town's bike-friendly streets and compact layout. They offer a fun, eco-friendly way to explore, especially for shorter distances. The Marina area is perfect for biking, allowing riders to cruise along the waterfront, enjoy scenic views, and stop at various eateries or shops.  Medano Beach, with its flat terrain, is ideal for biking along the coastline, taking in the beach vibes and maybe stopping for a refreshing dip. Additionally, the bike path leading to El Arco provides breathtaking views of the iconic landmark and a chance to explore the natural beauty of the coastline.  Read Also: 10 Best Places To Travel In May – Travel Guide 2022 6 Things To Consider While Booking A Vacation Rental 10 Useful Malayalam Words To Learn Before Traveling To Kerala