Welcome To The Pecos National Historical Park: The Land Of The First American Revolution

Sep 12, 2024

Last Updated on: Aug 29, 2025

Travel Guides

I stood before the remnants of the South Pueblo walls, looking over the Mission Church on an autumn day last year. Looking at the archaeological site and standing below the blue fall sky, I was transported to the time of the American Revolution. 

Further, I could hear the noise of a bustling trade fair with people from the Pecos Pueblo community doing business. However, the historical importance of the park is much beyond its association with the American Revolution. It is also related to the Civil War in New Mexico and the Independence of Mexico

So, with centuries of human history etched in every corner, the Pecos National Historical Park is an intersection of past tales and nature. To be honest, The Pecos Pueblo and Santa Fe Trail were the biggest highlights for me when I was at the national park. 

Therefore, my ode to the park will start with brief accounts of these places. Then, I will talk about the Glorieta Pass, again a site of historical importance in the park. Finally, you will have a quick look at the park’s wildlife. 

Pecos National Historical Park: A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions 

Pecos National Historical Park A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions

The history of human lives in the Pecos National Historical Park goes back to the Preceramic Period or the 11,500 B.C.E. – 600 C.E. However, the Pecos Pueblo site in the park became a prominent place in the history of the American Revolution in the Early Colonial and Pre-Revolt era

Spanish people started interacting with the Pueblo people. Further, thanks to the Franciscan Missions, the Spanish rule wanted to have command over the economic life and beliefs of the Pueblo people. 

Thus, the first seeds of the American Revolution were sown. To combat the oppression of the Spanish people, the Pueblo Revolt took place on 10th August 1680. As a result, the Spanish Government and Franciscan Friars were expelled from the southwest under the leadership of  Po’pay from Ohkay Owengeh. The Spanish Mission Church, built in 1625, was also destroyed in the revolt of 1680. 

However, in 1692, the Spanish People further reclaimed the Pecos Pueblo and many other pueblos. Finally, the Pueblo people declined in numbers in 1700. Before, during, and after the first American Revolution, The Pecos Pueblo emerged as an important location with significant events around it! 

Further, around 200 years later (1821-1846 C.E.), another site in the park, the  Santa Fe Trail, witnessed travelers, settlers, and everyone else passing through it. The trail was opened in 1821 after Mexico gained its independence from Spain. 

The remains of Pecos Pueblo stood there! By the 1830s, the migration of the Pubelo people was complete, and everyone had shifted to the Pueblo of Jemez and continued their traditions. 

Moreover, in 1862, there was the “Battle of Glorieta Pass.” On 26th March 1862, this battle between the Union forces and Confederates occurred at a 700 feet elevation. 

The Pecos Pueblo Site Today 

The rise of the Pecos Pueblo site occurred between 1350 C.E. and 1838 C.E. The Pueblo site had two units, the north and south, and could accommodate around 2000 people. Further, it had 1000 rooms.

Therefore, Pecos Pueblo thrived as a busy trading center with trade fairs involving people from Rio Grande Pueblos, Plains Nations, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific Coast. The flint arrowheads and shells found here explain the expansive stretch of the route. 

Nevertheless, with time, Pecos Pueblo became instrumental in eliminating Spanish oppression and rule. Still, a drop in the trade, Comanche attacks, and diseases deserted Pecos Pueblo. By 1838 C.E., the last resident of the Pueblo had left and joined the Pueblo of Jemez

Today, the site stands as a relic from the past. However, it is still equally important for archaeologists and historians. 

The Santa Fe Trail 

The Santa Fe Trail

Do you know what the Santa Fe Trail marker near Kozlowski’s Trading Post says? It says, 

Santa Fe Trail

1822-1879

Marked by the daughters of the American Revolution and the Territory of Nex Mexico. 

With the independence of New Mexico and the western territories becoming an annexure to New Mexico, the Santa Fe Trail became the route or passage to the westward movement. Naturalists, journalists, travelers, aspirants, traders, and others took this passage as part of the American expansion.

Colonel Henry Inman’s “Stories of the Old Santa Fe Trail,” published in 1881, describes the trail well. If you are a history buff, you must read this book well before visiting the Santa Fe Trail today! 

Kozlowski’s Stage Stop and Trading Post” is the highlight of this trail. You can spend some time here to visualize travelers from the past catching some rest after a long journey through the trail. When on the trail, you can explore the remains of the Pueblo and the Mission Church. You can even consider taking a guided tour of the Forked Lightning Ranch

Santa Fe Trail

Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Important Details About the Glorieta Pass Battle

1. Reason for Conflict: Union forces and Confederates wanted to control the Glorieta Pass Route through the Sangre de Cristo mountains and the main supply center (Fort Union) for the passage of soldiers and supplies. 

2. Contenders: The Confederates, with volunteers from Texas and under the leadership of General Shipley and the Union forces led by Colonel Canby, and soldiers from Fort Union, New Mexico, and Colorado. 

3. Battle Begins: March 26, 1862

4. Reinforcements: 27th March, 1862

5. Battle Resumes: 28th March, 1862

6. Battle Ends: 29th March, 1862

7. Casualty: Death of 375 People 

8. Consequence: The Union forces defeat the Confederates as they fail to ruin the Fort Union. Further, the Union forces maintain complete control over Southwest America. 

The Glorieta Battlefield Trail is a popular hiking destination today in Pecos National Historical Park. It is a roundtrip loop, and you will have to cover a distance of 2.25 miles to complete your expedition. Further, the unpaved or graveled hiking route makes it moderately difficult for the hikers. In addition, there is an elevation gain of 152 meters

You have to drive for around 7.5 miles from the main visitor center of the park. You will need to collect a gate code from the visitor center, which is your access code, to open the locked gate in front of the trail. 

As you walk through the forest trail, you get to know more about the Civil War in New Mexico. Many infographics are installed throughout the trail, telling you tales from the past. In addition, there are wayside signs and 14 trail markers to explain the history of the battle on this pass in detail. 

More About Hiking The Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Time: Around 1 hour

Refreshments (Hikers’ Favorites): Pecos Burger at El Maria Bonita (With a lot of meat and a smoky green chilly flavor!) and Chips and Salsa, of course!

The Trail Guide you collect from the visitor center already keeps you hooked on the site’s history. Indeed, this trail is less about hiking and more about flipping through the pages of the American Civil War in Mexico. 

Let’s Hear It From Other Visitors To The Park 

Really nice park. Easy to find and it is free!

Inside the visitor center, they had a really great exhibit that followed the pecos overtime. It was super informative and brought a lot more meaning to the actual park. After looking around the exhibit, you can take the trail up and around the park and church. It’s amazing that the walls are still there. The view around the park is also beautiful. We spent about 2 hours here.” – Isabelle M.

I really enjoyed this park. My husband didn’t care for it but I think it’s really amazing what is still here. He thinks it’s all recreation and I can’t say if it is or not but I know the current Pecos people don’t see it that way. It’s pretty awesome that it’s free to visit and the visitors center has a little museum that’s also free! The trail starts near the restrooms. We accidentally started it from the end. But who cares. We saw everything and I recommend checking it out. Native people history is really cool.” – Lydia G.

Exploring Wildlife At The Pecos National Historical Park

This historical national park is a hub of wildlife with a 6,500-acre expansion of forests, rivers, grasslands, and streams. The table below enlists the species that call the Pecos National Historical Park their home. 

MammalsElk of Northern New MexicoColorado Chipmunk DeerRock Squirrel
Birds*Steller’s JayMountain BluebirdBald Eagle
Fish and AmphibiansRio Grande ChubLongnose DaceRainbow TroutBrown TroutNew Mexico Spadefoot ToadWoodhouse ToadTiger SalamanderPlains Leopard Frog
ReptilesShort-horned LizardNew Mexico Whiptail LizardBull SnakesGarter SnakesPrairie Rattlesnakes

You will find the Prairie rattlesnakes along the trails. So, please exercise caution and inform the ranger if you come across one on your way. 

A Quick Glance At Some Important Information About Pecos National Historical Park

You must quickly look at the important information available about Pecos National Historical Park before you set in.

Location: San Miguel County, New Mexico

Established: 28th June, 1965

Area: 27 km²

Highest Landscape: Truchas Peak, 3990 Meter

Visitor Center: Pecos National Historical Park Visitor Center

How to Reach: Via State Road 63 

Entry Fee: Free

Best Time to Visit: Autumn (Early September to Mid October)

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Meet Sibashree Bhattacharya, a travel enthusiast who has a decade-long experience in transcending virtual barriers with her words! Her deep love for travel is apparent from her travel escapades to the mountain, often taking her readers on a journey, her words acting as Portkey! Fun fact: Sibashree loves to dive deep into the history of the places she is about to visit, making her travels even more wholesome. If you were wondering how her articles are not short of time travel, this answers it!

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The beach is located on Lake Erie. It offers lots of fun family activities. It has a large playground, picnic tables, and lots of open spaces for families and their kids to play and relax in. The sand here is clean, and the water is equally refreshing. It is one of the most perfect places to soak up the sun and just unwind and thus it is one of the best beaches to live in Ohio. Lake Erie is the 4th largest Great Lake and became famous ever since the War of 1812. It is also one of the warmest of the Great Lakes, which makes it ideal for swimming. In winter, however, the lake freezes completely. The water flows through the Detroit River, which comes from the upper lakes. The upper lakes include Lake Superior, Lake Huron, and Lake Michigan. 6. Edgewater Beach (Cleveland) The Edgewater Beach in Cleveland is yet another popular choice for beach lovers in Ohio. It is one of the best family beach towns, and it has loads of beach activities to keep every member entertained. The sand is clean, and the water is clear, making it suitable for sunbathing, swimming, and taking in all the incredible views. This beach is known for its picture-perfect sunsets. Off-beach entertainment, such as picnic areas, playgrounds, and a fishing pier, are also present for everyone’s enjoyment. For food and dining, there are many restaurants as well as food vendors all over. For a casual meal, try the burgers and pizza joints in the area to get the local taste. To try something more beachy, there are many seafood and steakhouses around the area. This place is accessible from the lower and the upper sides of Edgewater Park. So, are you still looking for the “closest ocean beach to Cleveland Ohio?” Edgewater Beach is your destination.  7. Alum Creek State Park Beach (Delaware) Alum Creek State Park Beach in Delaware is one of the best options for free family entertainment that can be counted as one of the closest beaches to Ohio. This park is 4630 acres in size with a wide, sandy beach, which is perfect for sunbathing and having a good time. The water here is shallow and clear, which makes it ideal for swimming or wading. There are also hunting opportunities at this park. Picnic tables and grills are strewn all over to enjoy a waterside meal. There are quite a few bird-watching as well as hiking opportunities at this park. The Falls trail can be good if you are looking for a challenge. This trail takes you to the top of the falls, where a stunning view greets you, featuring the Delaware River. There is also a 14-mile mountain biking trail. Beach volleyball courts also allow you to play a hand under the sun. Restaurants and bars nearby complete the deal. Read More: The Perfect Getaway: Discovering The Closest Beach To Disney World! 8. Ocean City, Maryland Several activities for kids, such as mini-golf, go-karts, and much more along the Broadwalk, make it a must for beach vacations near Ohio. Moreover, it is the ideal option for all those looking for a beach town that has a little bit of everything. Ocean City is a large beach town with a similar vibe to the Atlantic City. There are casino resorts on the Broadwalk with many shopping as well as dining options. The beach is 10 miles long, which means there is not much overcrowding. Some of the best hotels in Ocean City are Hyatt Place Ocean City Oceanfront, DoubleTree by Hilton Ocean City Oceanfront, and Courtyard by Marriott Ocean City Oceanfront. Distance from Cleveland: 505 miles; approximately 7 hours, 52 minutes Distance from Columbus: 532 miles; approximately 8 hours, 28 minutes 9. Myrtle Beach, South Carolina  Myrtle Beach is the closest beach to Dayton, Ohio. However, you will have to drive for 9.75 hours to get there.  The weather in Myrtle Beach is subtropical. Furthermore, it has 86 golf courses and 1800 restaurants.  As a result, this beach attracts millions of visitors every year. Further, Myrtle Beach is a popular destination for youngsters.  It has a nickname called “Dirty Beach” due to its history of rowdy partying.  10. South Carolina Are you still confused about “what are the closest ocean beaches to Ohio?” Let’s try South Carolina.  You already know about Myrtle Beach. However, you will also find beaches such as Hilton Head, Folly Beach, and Hunting Island here.  So, the beaches in South Carolina welcome you with golf courses, lighthouses, historical attractions, luxurious accommodations, and more.  Ocean beaches within 8 hours of ohio Lake Michigan (Indiana Dunes National Park, Indiana) – ~4-5 hours Lake Erie (Presque Isle State Park, Pennsylvania) – ~2-3 hours Cedar Point Beach (Cedar Point Amusement Park, Ohio) – ~2-3 hours Mackinac Island (Michigan) – ~7-8 hours Geneva-on-the-Lake (Ohio) – ~1-2 hours Traverse City (Michigan, Lake Michigan) – ~7-8 hours These destinations offer a variety of beach experiences, from Great Lakes beaches to Michigan’s scenic coastlines. We will be talking about some of the best beaches that can give you a little joy among all the dreary city days. Let’s Head To The Best Beaches Close To Ohio  When on a quest for the best beach in Ohio, you might consider the names above. Going on a vacation to the closest beaches to Ohio will create a beautiful experience for you, especially with the wide range of activities.  Starting with hiking to adventures of surfing and swimming, Ohio creates a perfect atmosphere for your entertainment. If you are visiting Ohio with your family, you can also enjoy having a picnic at the beach along with grilling and barbequing.  You can also take a bike for rentals to travel across the beach and enjoy your heart out. There are party racks where you can keep your bike after you plan to go out clubbing or partying, so you do not need to worry about transportation.  If you have questions to ask or thoughts to share, leave a comment below. We would love to hear from you.  The Closest Beach To Ohio: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Here are some frequently asked questions and answers about the closest beach to Ohio.  What Is The Closest Ocean To Ohio?  The Atlantic Ocean is the closest Ocean to Ohio. The Jersey Shore of New Jersey has Ocean City and Wildwood.  What Is The Closest Ocean Beach Near Me If I Live In Cincinnati? The closest ocean beach to Cincinnati is East Fork Lake. It is just a 35-minute drive from downtown Cincinnati. However, my silent favorite regarding the closest beach to Cincinnati is Caesar Creek Lake.The 1300-foot public beach in Caesar Creek State Park allows you to camp, hike, and play! What more can you ask for? However, if you are looking for beaches within 10 hours of Cincinnati, you can opt for the Atlantic City. Despite not being the closest ocean beach to Cincinnati by car, it is a must visit for the vibrant events and activities.  What Are The Ocean Beaches Within 8 Hours Of Ohio Near Me? Virginia Beach in Virginia and Myrtle Beach in South Carolina are some of the ocean beaches within 8 hours of Ohio, near me. Huntington Beach in Cleveland and Vermilion in Ohio are other ocean beaches within 8 hours of Ohio.  What Is The Closest Coastal Beach To Ohio?  Kelleys Island State Park Beach is the closest coastal beach to Ohio. The distance between these two places is 101 miles.