Welcome To The Pecos National Historical Park: The Land Of The First American Revolution

Sep 12, 2024

Last Updated on: Aug 29, 2025

Travel Guides

I stood before the remnants of the South Pueblo walls, looking over the Mission Church on an autumn day last year. Looking at the archaeological site and standing below the blue fall sky, I was transported to the time of the American Revolution. 

Further, I could hear the noise of a bustling trade fair with people from the Pecos Pueblo community doing business. However, the historical importance of the park is much beyond its association with the American Revolution. It is also related to the Civil War in New Mexico and the Independence of Mexico

So, with centuries of human history etched in every corner, the Pecos National Historical Park is an intersection of past tales and nature. To be honest, The Pecos Pueblo and Santa Fe Trail were the biggest highlights for me when I was at the national park. 

Therefore, my ode to the park will start with brief accounts of these places. Then, I will talk about the Glorieta Pass, again a site of historical importance in the park. Finally, you will have a quick look at the park’s wildlife. 

Pecos National Historical Park: A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions 

Pecos National Historical Park A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions

The history of human lives in the Pecos National Historical Park goes back to the Preceramic Period or the 11,500 B.C.E. – 600 C.E. However, the Pecos Pueblo site in the park became a prominent place in the history of the American Revolution in the Early Colonial and Pre-Revolt era

Spanish people started interacting with the Pueblo people. Further, thanks to the Franciscan Missions, the Spanish rule wanted to have command over the economic life and beliefs of the Pueblo people. 

Thus, the first seeds of the American Revolution were sown. To combat the oppression of the Spanish people, the Pueblo Revolt took place on 10th August 1680. As a result, the Spanish Government and Franciscan Friars were expelled from the southwest under the leadership of  Po’pay from Ohkay Owengeh. The Spanish Mission Church, built in 1625, was also destroyed in the revolt of 1680. 

However, in 1692, the Spanish People further reclaimed the Pecos Pueblo and many other pueblos. Finally, the Pueblo people declined in numbers in 1700. Before, during, and after the first American Revolution, The Pecos Pueblo emerged as an important location with significant events around it! 

Further, around 200 years later (1821-1846 C.E.), another site in the park, the  Santa Fe Trail, witnessed travelers, settlers, and everyone else passing through it. The trail was opened in 1821 after Mexico gained its independence from Spain. 

The remains of Pecos Pueblo stood there! By the 1830s, the migration of the Pubelo people was complete, and everyone had shifted to the Pueblo of Jemez and continued their traditions. 

Moreover, in 1862, there was the “Battle of Glorieta Pass.” On 26th March 1862, this battle between the Union forces and Confederates occurred at a 700 feet elevation. 

The Pecos Pueblo Site Today 

The rise of the Pecos Pueblo site occurred between 1350 C.E. and 1838 C.E. The Pueblo site had two units, the north and south, and could accommodate around 2000 people. Further, it had 1000 rooms.

Therefore, Pecos Pueblo thrived as a busy trading center with trade fairs involving people from Rio Grande Pueblos, Plains Nations, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific Coast. The flint arrowheads and shells found here explain the expansive stretch of the route. 

Nevertheless, with time, Pecos Pueblo became instrumental in eliminating Spanish oppression and rule. Still, a drop in the trade, Comanche attacks, and diseases deserted Pecos Pueblo. By 1838 C.E., the last resident of the Pueblo had left and joined the Pueblo of Jemez

Today, the site stands as a relic from the past. However, it is still equally important for archaeologists and historians. 

The Santa Fe Trail 

The Santa Fe Trail

Do you know what the Santa Fe Trail marker near Kozlowski’s Trading Post says? It says, 

Santa Fe Trail

1822-1879

Marked by the daughters of the American Revolution and the Territory of Nex Mexico. 

With the independence of New Mexico and the western territories becoming an annexure to New Mexico, the Santa Fe Trail became the route or passage to the westward movement. Naturalists, journalists, travelers, aspirants, traders, and others took this passage as part of the American expansion.

Colonel Henry Inman’s “Stories of the Old Santa Fe Trail,” published in 1881, describes the trail well. If you are a history buff, you must read this book well before visiting the Santa Fe Trail today! 

Kozlowski’s Stage Stop and Trading Post” is the highlight of this trail. You can spend some time here to visualize travelers from the past catching some rest after a long journey through the trail. When on the trail, you can explore the remains of the Pueblo and the Mission Church. You can even consider taking a guided tour of the Forked Lightning Ranch

Santa Fe Trail

Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Important Details About the Glorieta Pass Battle

1. Reason for Conflict: Union forces and Confederates wanted to control the Glorieta Pass Route through the Sangre de Cristo mountains and the main supply center (Fort Union) for the passage of soldiers and supplies. 

2. Contenders: The Confederates, with volunteers from Texas and under the leadership of General Shipley and the Union forces led by Colonel Canby, and soldiers from Fort Union, New Mexico, and Colorado. 

3. Battle Begins: March 26, 1862

4. Reinforcements: 27th March, 1862

5. Battle Resumes: 28th March, 1862

6. Battle Ends: 29th March, 1862

7. Casualty: Death of 375 People 

8. Consequence: The Union forces defeat the Confederates as they fail to ruin the Fort Union. Further, the Union forces maintain complete control over Southwest America. 

The Glorieta Battlefield Trail is a popular hiking destination today in Pecos National Historical Park. It is a roundtrip loop, and you will have to cover a distance of 2.25 miles to complete your expedition. Further, the unpaved or graveled hiking route makes it moderately difficult for the hikers. In addition, there is an elevation gain of 152 meters

You have to drive for around 7.5 miles from the main visitor center of the park. You will need to collect a gate code from the visitor center, which is your access code, to open the locked gate in front of the trail. 

As you walk through the forest trail, you get to know more about the Civil War in New Mexico. Many infographics are installed throughout the trail, telling you tales from the past. In addition, there are wayside signs and 14 trail markers to explain the history of the battle on this pass in detail. 

More About Hiking The Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Time: Around 1 hour

Refreshments (Hikers’ Favorites): Pecos Burger at El Maria Bonita (With a lot of meat and a smoky green chilly flavor!) and Chips and Salsa, of course!

The Trail Guide you collect from the visitor center already keeps you hooked on the site’s history. Indeed, this trail is less about hiking and more about flipping through the pages of the American Civil War in Mexico. 

Let’s Hear It From Other Visitors To The Park 

Really nice park. Easy to find and it is free!

Inside the visitor center, they had a really great exhibit that followed the pecos overtime. It was super informative and brought a lot more meaning to the actual park. After looking around the exhibit, you can take the trail up and around the park and church. It’s amazing that the walls are still there. The view around the park is also beautiful. We spent about 2 hours here.” – Isabelle M.

I really enjoyed this park. My husband didn’t care for it but I think it’s really amazing what is still here. He thinks it’s all recreation and I can’t say if it is or not but I know the current Pecos people don’t see it that way. It’s pretty awesome that it’s free to visit and the visitors center has a little museum that’s also free! The trail starts near the restrooms. We accidentally started it from the end. But who cares. We saw everything and I recommend checking it out. Native people history is really cool.” – Lydia G.

Exploring Wildlife At The Pecos National Historical Park

This historical national park is a hub of wildlife with a 6,500-acre expansion of forests, rivers, grasslands, and streams. The table below enlists the species that call the Pecos National Historical Park their home. 

MammalsElk of Northern New MexicoColorado Chipmunk DeerRock Squirrel
Birds*Steller’s JayMountain BluebirdBald Eagle
Fish and AmphibiansRio Grande ChubLongnose DaceRainbow TroutBrown TroutNew Mexico Spadefoot ToadWoodhouse ToadTiger SalamanderPlains Leopard Frog
ReptilesShort-horned LizardNew Mexico Whiptail LizardBull SnakesGarter SnakesPrairie Rattlesnakes

You will find the Prairie rattlesnakes along the trails. So, please exercise caution and inform the ranger if you come across one on your way. 

A Quick Glance At Some Important Information About Pecos National Historical Park

You must quickly look at the important information available about Pecos National Historical Park before you set in.

Location: San Miguel County, New Mexico

Established: 28th June, 1965

Area: 27 km²

Highest Landscape: Truchas Peak, 3990 Meter

Visitor Center: Pecos National Historical Park Visitor Center

How to Reach: Via State Road 63 

Entry Fee: Free

Best Time to Visit: Autumn (Early September to Mid October)

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Meet Sibashree Bhattacharya, a travel enthusiast who has a decade-long experience in transcending virtual barriers with her words! Her deep love for travel is apparent from her travel escapades to the mountain, often taking her readers on a journey, her words acting as Portkey! Fun fact: Sibashree loves to dive deep into the history of the places she is about to visit, making her travels even more wholesome. If you were wondering how her articles are not short of time travel, this answers it!

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A 3mm wetsuit is plenty.  Check Boat Locations Ensure your preferred boat hasn't already moved to Komodo for the summer. Flight Reliability Pad your travel schedule in July/August, as wind can delay small island hops or ferries.  Raja Ampat Diving Season Tips For Photographers: The Lens Guide  Seasons  Ideal Lens What to Capture  October to April Wide Angle • Perfect for Capturing Mantas  • Sweeping Schools of Fish  Split Shots with Blue Skies  May to September Macro Lens • Fluctuating Visibility  • Perfect to Focus on Pygmy Seahorses, Blue-ringed Octopus, and Ornate Ghost Pipefish.  Late April and Early October (The Shoulder Season Secret) Macro Lens  • These are Sweet Spots, and You Get to Frame the Calm Transition of the Marine Animals.   • Still, the Crowd of the Big 5 is Not Intense as the December and January Holidays.   Raja Ampat Diving Season Tips: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)  Here are the frequently asked questions and answers about the Raja Ampat diving season tips.   1. What Is The Absolute Best Month To Dive Raja Ampat?  January is the absolute best or the prime month to dive in Raja Ampat. You get peak visibility, around 25 to 30 meters in the water, and it is the ideal month to spot Reef and Oceanic Mantas due to plankton increases.  Furthermore, all the regions, the south, the central, and the north, remain accessible this month.   2. Can I Dive Raja Ampat In August? Yes, you can dive in Raja Ampat in August. In fact, August is a great month if you want to explore Cape Kri and Blue Magic without the crowd. However, if you are diving in Raja Ampat in August, stick to the sites in Waigeo, Gam, and Mansuar and along the Dampier Strait in the North and Central zones. 3. When Is The Best Time For Whale Sharks In Raja Ampat? October to April is the best time to see Whale Sharks in Raja Ampat. You can find them in Misool and the Dampier Strait sites. However, for a better and more certain visibility of Whale Sharks, you must visit Triton Bay, south of Raja Ampat. The Full Moon Nights are ideal for spotting Whale Sharks.  4. Is The Wet Season Cheaper In Raja Ampat? Yes, the wet season is cheaper in Raja Ampat as it is the off-peak season for diving. In the diving resorts, mostly concentrated around the Dampier Strait Region, you will get a discount of around 10-15%. There is also a hefty discount on the diving packages. On the other hand, the liveaboards will offer around 20-30% discount in the wet season.  5. What Is The Water Temperature Like Year-round In Raja Ampat? The year-round water temperature in Raja Ampat is around 28 to 30 degrees Celsius. One of the best things about diving in Raja Ampat is the incredibly stable, bathtub-warm water. Because the archipelago is located just one degree from the equator, you won't experience the dramatic temperature drops or "thermoclines" found in other parts of Indonesia, like Komodo or Bali.  6. Do I Need A Dry Suit Or A Thick Wetsuit In The Off-season? No, you don’t need a dry suit or thick wetsuit to dive in Raja Ampat, even in the off-season. It is because the temperature of the waters here hovers around 28 to 30 degrees Celsius throughout the year. A 3mm thick wetsuit is enough if you are doing deep diving. It ensures that your body does not lose temperature rapidly. It also protects you from the irritants in the water and helps in buoyancy. 7. Does Visibility Change With The Seasons In Raja Ampat? Yes, visibility changes with the seasons in Raja Ampat. However, remember that having clear water does not mean the ideal condition for spotting the marine life in Raja Ampat. In the dry season, from October to April, the visibility is around 15 to 30 meters. Still, from December to March, nutrient-rich currents flood the archipelago. This creates "green" or "particulate" water. While this might frustrate wide-angle photographers looking for a pure blue background, it is the "dinner bell" for Manta Rays and Whale Sharks.Furthermore, during the wet season, from May to September, the visibility is 10 to 20 meters. However, this is an ideal time for many photographers as the water is clearer due to the lack of plankton blooms. 8. When Do The Liveaboards Move To Komodo? The famous Indonesian Switch, or the transition of liveaboards to and from Komodo, happens twice a year. In April and May, the peak diving season in Raja Ampat approaches its end. So, 80% of the liveaboards in Raja Ampat move toward the Komodo National Park. These liveaboards often pass through the Banda Sea and the Forgotten Island, where you can spot hammerhead sharks in late April and May. Again, these liveaboards return in September and October as Komodo starts getting heavy rainfall, but the water of Raja Ampat becomes still. On the way, you can spot deep-sea pinnacles and incredible whale shark encounters in Triton Bay or the Banda Sea.  9. Is It Safe To Visit Raja Ampat During The Monsoon? Yes, the rainy season does not mean a complete shutdown for tourists to Raja Ampat. In fact, the central zone (Dampier Strait) and areas such as Waigeo/Gam remain quite accessible even in high winds due to the protection of huge land masses. However, the diving sites in the southern zone of Misool are risky in these months.  10. When Is The Best Time For Underwater Photography In Raja Ampat? The best time for underwater photography in Raja Ampat will depend on the kind of backdrop you want. The waters of Raja Ampat always amaze you with an impressive marine life. October to November is the time for the best all-round photography experience. You will get calm seas, returning Mantas, and massive schools of baitfish. Great for wide-angle and split shots. Also, for a truly unique photographic subject, aim for the Full Moons in October and November. This is when the reefs often experience mass coral spawning. It is a spectacular nighttime event that turns the water into a "snow globe" of biological activity.Again, January and February are ideal for framing the Manta action. Plankton blooms can create "green" water, but offer world-class Manta displays. These are the months for macro specialists. The months of March and April offer peak visibility. You will now find the clearest water of the year (30m+). Ideal for large reefscapes and blue backgrounds.Finally, June to September is ideal for shooting the empty reef and macros in action.