Welcome To The Pecos National Historical Park: The Land Of The First American Revolution

Sep 12, 2024

Last Updated on: Aug 29, 2025

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I stood before the remnants of the South Pueblo walls, looking over the Mission Church on an autumn day last year. Looking at the archaeological site and standing below the blue fall sky, I was transported to the time of the American Revolution. 

Further, I could hear the noise of a bustling trade fair with people from the Pecos Pueblo community doing business. However, the historical importance of the park is much beyond its association with the American Revolution. It is also related to the Civil War in New Mexico and the Independence of Mexico

So, with centuries of human history etched in every corner, the Pecos National Historical Park is an intersection of past tales and nature. To be honest, The Pecos Pueblo and Santa Fe Trail were the biggest highlights for me when I was at the national park. 

Therefore, my ode to the park will start with brief accounts of these places. Then, I will talk about the Glorieta Pass, again a site of historical importance in the park. Finally, you will have a quick look at the park’s wildlife. 

Pecos National Historical Park: A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions 

Pecos National Historical Park A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions

The history of human lives in the Pecos National Historical Park goes back to the Preceramic Period or the 11,500 B.C.E. – 600 C.E. However, the Pecos Pueblo site in the park became a prominent place in the history of the American Revolution in the Early Colonial and Pre-Revolt era

Spanish people started interacting with the Pueblo people. Further, thanks to the Franciscan Missions, the Spanish rule wanted to have command over the economic life and beliefs of the Pueblo people. 

Thus, the first seeds of the American Revolution were sown. To combat the oppression of the Spanish people, the Pueblo Revolt took place on 10th August 1680. As a result, the Spanish Government and Franciscan Friars were expelled from the southwest under the leadership of  Po’pay from Ohkay Owengeh. The Spanish Mission Church, built in 1625, was also destroyed in the revolt of 1680. 

However, in 1692, the Spanish People further reclaimed the Pecos Pueblo and many other pueblos. Finally, the Pueblo people declined in numbers in 1700. Before, during, and after the first American Revolution, The Pecos Pueblo emerged as an important location with significant events around it! 

Further, around 200 years later (1821-1846 C.E.), another site in the park, the  Santa Fe Trail, witnessed travelers, settlers, and everyone else passing through it. The trail was opened in 1821 after Mexico gained its independence from Spain. 

The remains of Pecos Pueblo stood there! By the 1830s, the migration of the Pubelo people was complete, and everyone had shifted to the Pueblo of Jemez and continued their traditions. 

Moreover, in 1862, there was the “Battle of Glorieta Pass.” On 26th March 1862, this battle between the Union forces and Confederates occurred at a 700 feet elevation. 

The Pecos Pueblo Site Today 

The rise of the Pecos Pueblo site occurred between 1350 C.E. and 1838 C.E. The Pueblo site had two units, the north and south, and could accommodate around 2000 people. Further, it had 1000 rooms.

Therefore, Pecos Pueblo thrived as a busy trading center with trade fairs involving people from Rio Grande Pueblos, Plains Nations, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific Coast. The flint arrowheads and shells found here explain the expansive stretch of the route. 

Nevertheless, with time, Pecos Pueblo became instrumental in eliminating Spanish oppression and rule. Still, a drop in the trade, Comanche attacks, and diseases deserted Pecos Pueblo. By 1838 C.E., the last resident of the Pueblo had left and joined the Pueblo of Jemez

Today, the site stands as a relic from the past. However, it is still equally important for archaeologists and historians. 

The Santa Fe Trail 

The Santa Fe Trail

Do you know what the Santa Fe Trail marker near Kozlowski’s Trading Post says? It says, 

Santa Fe Trail

1822-1879

Marked by the daughters of the American Revolution and the Territory of Nex Mexico. 

With the independence of New Mexico and the western territories becoming an annexure to New Mexico, the Santa Fe Trail became the route or passage to the westward movement. Naturalists, journalists, travelers, aspirants, traders, and others took this passage as part of the American expansion.

Colonel Henry Inman’s “Stories of the Old Santa Fe Trail,” published in 1881, describes the trail well. If you are a history buff, you must read this book well before visiting the Santa Fe Trail today! 

Kozlowski’s Stage Stop and Trading Post” is the highlight of this trail. You can spend some time here to visualize travelers from the past catching some rest after a long journey through the trail. When on the trail, you can explore the remains of the Pueblo and the Mission Church. You can even consider taking a guided tour of the Forked Lightning Ranch

Santa Fe Trail

Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Important Details About the Glorieta Pass Battle

1. Reason for Conflict: Union forces and Confederates wanted to control the Glorieta Pass Route through the Sangre de Cristo mountains and the main supply center (Fort Union) for the passage of soldiers and supplies. 

2. Contenders: The Confederates, with volunteers from Texas and under the leadership of General Shipley and the Union forces led by Colonel Canby, and soldiers from Fort Union, New Mexico, and Colorado. 

3. Battle Begins: March 26, 1862

4. Reinforcements: 27th March, 1862

5. Battle Resumes: 28th March, 1862

6. Battle Ends: 29th March, 1862

7. Casualty: Death of 375 People 

8. Consequence: The Union forces defeat the Confederates as they fail to ruin the Fort Union. Further, the Union forces maintain complete control over Southwest America. 

The Glorieta Battlefield Trail is a popular hiking destination today in Pecos National Historical Park. It is a roundtrip loop, and you will have to cover a distance of 2.25 miles to complete your expedition. Further, the unpaved or graveled hiking route makes it moderately difficult for the hikers. In addition, there is an elevation gain of 152 meters

You have to drive for around 7.5 miles from the main visitor center of the park. You will need to collect a gate code from the visitor center, which is your access code, to open the locked gate in front of the trail. 

As you walk through the forest trail, you get to know more about the Civil War in New Mexico. Many infographics are installed throughout the trail, telling you tales from the past. In addition, there are wayside signs and 14 trail markers to explain the history of the battle on this pass in detail. 

More About Hiking The Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Time: Around 1 hour

Refreshments (Hikers’ Favorites): Pecos Burger at El Maria Bonita (With a lot of meat and a smoky green chilly flavor!) and Chips and Salsa, of course!

The Trail Guide you collect from the visitor center already keeps you hooked on the site’s history. Indeed, this trail is less about hiking and more about flipping through the pages of the American Civil War in Mexico. 

Let’s Hear It From Other Visitors To The Park 

Really nice park. Easy to find and it is free!

Inside the visitor center, they had a really great exhibit that followed the pecos overtime. It was super informative and brought a lot more meaning to the actual park. After looking around the exhibit, you can take the trail up and around the park and church. It’s amazing that the walls are still there. The view around the park is also beautiful. We spent about 2 hours here.” – Isabelle M.

I really enjoyed this park. My husband didn’t care for it but I think it’s really amazing what is still here. He thinks it’s all recreation and I can’t say if it is or not but I know the current Pecos people don’t see it that way. It’s pretty awesome that it’s free to visit and the visitors center has a little museum that’s also free! The trail starts near the restrooms. We accidentally started it from the end. But who cares. We saw everything and I recommend checking it out. Native people history is really cool.” – Lydia G.

Exploring Wildlife At The Pecos National Historical Park

This historical national park is a hub of wildlife with a 6,500-acre expansion of forests, rivers, grasslands, and streams. The table below enlists the species that call the Pecos National Historical Park their home. 

MammalsElk of Northern New MexicoColorado Chipmunk DeerRock Squirrel
Birds*Steller’s JayMountain BluebirdBald Eagle
Fish and AmphibiansRio Grande ChubLongnose DaceRainbow TroutBrown TroutNew Mexico Spadefoot ToadWoodhouse ToadTiger SalamanderPlains Leopard Frog
ReptilesShort-horned LizardNew Mexico Whiptail LizardBull SnakesGarter SnakesPrairie Rattlesnakes

You will find the Prairie rattlesnakes along the trails. So, please exercise caution and inform the ranger if you come across one on your way. 

A Quick Glance At Some Important Information About Pecos National Historical Park

You must quickly look at the important information available about Pecos National Historical Park before you set in.

Location: San Miguel County, New Mexico

Established: 28th June, 1965

Area: 27 km²

Highest Landscape: Truchas Peak, 3990 Meter

Visitor Center: Pecos National Historical Park Visitor Center

How to Reach: Via State Road 63 

Entry Fee: Free

Best Time to Visit: Autumn (Early September to Mid October)

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Meet Sibashree Bhattacharya, a travel enthusiast who has a decade-long experience in transcending virtual barriers with her words! Her deep love for travel is apparent from her travel escapades to the mountain, often taking her readers on a journey, her words acting as Portkey! Fun fact: Sibashree loves to dive deep into the history of the places she is about to visit, making her travels even more wholesome. If you were wondering how her articles are not short of time travel, this answers it!

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BY  Pijus Maity May 31, 2023

There are very few places on Earth as beautiful as the Glacier National Park. It was protected in the year 1910, during the beginning of the American conservationist movement. This national park ranks with the Grand Canyon, Yosemite, and Yellowstone as one of the most astonishing natural beauties of the world. Keep reading till the end to find out more information on the best time to visit glacier national park! About Glacier National Park Image Source: www.tripsavvy.com Glacier National Park is actually an American National Park that is located on the border of Canada and the United States. This park encompasses a total area of more than 1 million acres. The park features two mountain ranges, more than a thousand different species of animals and plants. It also has more than 130 lakes. Best Time To Visit Image Source: assets3.thrillist.com The best time to visit Glacier National Park can vary depending upon a lot of different factors. For some people, pleasant weather may be a priority, while for others, it may be traveling during a time when there are fewer crowds. In this section of the article, I will be talking about the glacier national park best time to visit based on different factors. For Avoiding Crowds There are millions and millions of tourists visiting the park every year. If you are a person, who is notably not fond of crowds, then the perfect time to visit glacier national park would be during one of the off-season times. The time of Spring is one of the park's quietest season. For Wildlife Spotting Image Source: glacierbearcabin.com The Park has been a great wildlife refuge ever since it was established in the year 1910. Its terrain is home to several thousand species of animals. Some of the animal sightings that you can get here are - bears, mountain lions, moose, goats, wolves, bighorn sheep, and deers. You also want to ensure that you are doing it safely while on an animal sighting. You need to ensure that you are staying at least three hundred feet away from the bears. As for all other wildlife, you must stay at least seventy-five feet away from them. Tip: If you are planning on visiting glacier national park in May, then make sure that you avoid hiking, as temperatures can go really high during that time. You wouldn’t want to do a rigorous activity while there’s extremely high temperatures. For A Warm & Pleasant Weather Image Source: www.doi.gov The park has very unpredictable weather. It can go from one to a hundred real quick in a matter of a few minutes. If you want to go there and experience a sunny day hike - the best time to visit glacier national park would be to visit in early July and towards the end of October. During this time, the weather is known to remain mild. Tip: You would best carry a rain jacket and a few extra layers as well, just to be prepared. For Budget Travelers Image Source: www.nps.gov During the winter time (i.e, November through April), the passes and fees of Glacier National Park drop a great deal. For instance, a 7-day private vehicle pass would typically cost thirty-five dollars at other times, but during the winter months, it drops down to twenty-five dollars. While the entry ticket person drops from twenty dollars to fifteen dollars. Things To Note Before Visiting Here are a few things that one needs to take care of before planning a trip to Glacier National Park: Bring Your Own Car Shuttles are available throughout the park, but you would benefit from bringing your car to reach some of the best spots. There are many trailheads situated in different remote locations which are not serviced by the shuttle system. However, if you are someone who does not have a car, then, of course, use the shuttle systems that are available. But you need to make sure that your are checking the schedule of the shuttle and the routes before going out for your adventure. Tip: A while before, I discussed about when is actually the right time to visit glacier national park! If you haven’t given it a read already, you can go back to find out information about it. Read More: Top 8 List Of National Parks In North Carolina – Travel Guide Plan A Stay For At Least Five Days A weekend-long trip just won't do! There's much to explore in here. There is a lot to see and do in the Glacier National Park. A majority of the visitors come back year after year to this place and still find new places to explore. You could definitely consider a four nights visit to this place - by spending two nights in the West Glacier and the other two nights in the East Glacier. Do remember to include Sun-Road on your itinerary when visiting this place. Even if you are visiting for just a day - do go on the sun road drive! It connects the east and west sides through the middle of the park - which makes a crossing at Logan Pass. Go On Trails There are over seven hundred miles worth hiking trails in the Glacier National Park. There's trails for every sort of person out there - be it 1 mile - 20 miles. You need to remember that hiking is an extremely popular sport during summer time and you would need to ensure that you arrive early. That is to be done so that you can secure a parking spot and be ahead of midday crowds. Sign Up For Activities Inside the Glacier National Park, there are plenty of activities to partake in. There is a rope course, horseback riding, and rafting options. These are perfect choices for a guided day tour inside the park premises. To Wrap It Up! That was all for information regarding the best time to visit Glacier National Park. Thank you for reading up till here. I hope you found the information useful. Let me know in the comments your thoughts on the same. Read Also: Things To Do In Rocky Mountains National Park A Guide Of Top 6 National Parks In Wyoming A Complete Guide To Maine National Parks