Welcome To The Pecos National Historical Park: The Land Of The First American Revolution

Sep 12, 2024

Last Updated on: Aug 29, 2025

Travel Guides

I stood before the remnants of the South Pueblo walls, looking over the Mission Church on an autumn day last year. Looking at the archaeological site and standing below the blue fall sky, I was transported to the time of the American Revolution. 

Further, I could hear the noise of a bustling trade fair with people from the Pecos Pueblo community doing business. However, the historical importance of the park is much beyond its association with the American Revolution. It is also related to the Civil War in New Mexico and the Independence of Mexico

So, with centuries of human history etched in every corner, the Pecos National Historical Park is an intersection of past tales and nature. To be honest, The Pecos Pueblo and Santa Fe Trail were the biggest highlights for me when I was at the national park. 

Therefore, my ode to the park will start with brief accounts of these places. Then, I will talk about the Glorieta Pass, again a site of historical importance in the park. Finally, you will have a quick look at the park’s wildlife. 

Pecos National Historical Park: A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions 

Pecos National Historical Park A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions

The history of human lives in the Pecos National Historical Park goes back to the Preceramic Period or the 11,500 B.C.E. – 600 C.E. However, the Pecos Pueblo site in the park became a prominent place in the history of the American Revolution in the Early Colonial and Pre-Revolt era

Spanish people started interacting with the Pueblo people. Further, thanks to the Franciscan Missions, the Spanish rule wanted to have command over the economic life and beliefs of the Pueblo people. 

Thus, the first seeds of the American Revolution were sown. To combat the oppression of the Spanish people, the Pueblo Revolt took place on 10th August 1680. As a result, the Spanish Government and Franciscan Friars were expelled from the southwest under the leadership of  Po’pay from Ohkay Owengeh. The Spanish Mission Church, built in 1625, was also destroyed in the revolt of 1680. 

However, in 1692, the Spanish People further reclaimed the Pecos Pueblo and many other pueblos. Finally, the Pueblo people declined in numbers in 1700. Before, during, and after the first American Revolution, The Pecos Pueblo emerged as an important location with significant events around it! 

Further, around 200 years later (1821-1846 C.E.), another site in the park, the  Santa Fe Trail, witnessed travelers, settlers, and everyone else passing through it. The trail was opened in 1821 after Mexico gained its independence from Spain. 

The remains of Pecos Pueblo stood there! By the 1830s, the migration of the Pubelo people was complete, and everyone had shifted to the Pueblo of Jemez and continued their traditions. 

Moreover, in 1862, there was the “Battle of Glorieta Pass.” On 26th March 1862, this battle between the Union forces and Confederates occurred at a 700 feet elevation. 

The Pecos Pueblo Site Today 

The rise of the Pecos Pueblo site occurred between 1350 C.E. and 1838 C.E. The Pueblo site had two units, the north and south, and could accommodate around 2000 people. Further, it had 1000 rooms.

Therefore, Pecos Pueblo thrived as a busy trading center with trade fairs involving people from Rio Grande Pueblos, Plains Nations, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific Coast. The flint arrowheads and shells found here explain the expansive stretch of the route. 

Nevertheless, with time, Pecos Pueblo became instrumental in eliminating Spanish oppression and rule. Still, a drop in the trade, Comanche attacks, and diseases deserted Pecos Pueblo. By 1838 C.E., the last resident of the Pueblo had left and joined the Pueblo of Jemez

Today, the site stands as a relic from the past. However, it is still equally important for archaeologists and historians. 

The Santa Fe Trail 

The Santa Fe Trail

Do you know what the Santa Fe Trail marker near Kozlowski’s Trading Post says? It says, 

Santa Fe Trail

1822-1879

Marked by the daughters of the American Revolution and the Territory of Nex Mexico. 

With the independence of New Mexico and the western territories becoming an annexure to New Mexico, the Santa Fe Trail became the route or passage to the westward movement. Naturalists, journalists, travelers, aspirants, traders, and others took this passage as part of the American expansion.

Colonel Henry Inman’s “Stories of the Old Santa Fe Trail,” published in 1881, describes the trail well. If you are a history buff, you must read this book well before visiting the Santa Fe Trail today! 

Kozlowski’s Stage Stop and Trading Post” is the highlight of this trail. You can spend some time here to visualize travelers from the past catching some rest after a long journey through the trail. When on the trail, you can explore the remains of the Pueblo and the Mission Church. You can even consider taking a guided tour of the Forked Lightning Ranch

Santa Fe Trail

Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Important Details About the Glorieta Pass Battle

1. Reason for Conflict: Union forces and Confederates wanted to control the Glorieta Pass Route through the Sangre de Cristo mountains and the main supply center (Fort Union) for the passage of soldiers and supplies. 

2. Contenders: The Confederates, with volunteers from Texas and under the leadership of General Shipley and the Union forces led by Colonel Canby, and soldiers from Fort Union, New Mexico, and Colorado. 

3. Battle Begins: March 26, 1862

4. Reinforcements: 27th March, 1862

5. Battle Resumes: 28th March, 1862

6. Battle Ends: 29th March, 1862

7. Casualty: Death of 375 People 

8. Consequence: The Union forces defeat the Confederates as they fail to ruin the Fort Union. Further, the Union forces maintain complete control over Southwest America. 

The Glorieta Battlefield Trail is a popular hiking destination today in Pecos National Historical Park. It is a roundtrip loop, and you will have to cover a distance of 2.25 miles to complete your expedition. Further, the unpaved or graveled hiking route makes it moderately difficult for the hikers. In addition, there is an elevation gain of 152 meters

You have to drive for around 7.5 miles from the main visitor center of the park. You will need to collect a gate code from the visitor center, which is your access code, to open the locked gate in front of the trail. 

As you walk through the forest trail, you get to know more about the Civil War in New Mexico. Many infographics are installed throughout the trail, telling you tales from the past. In addition, there are wayside signs and 14 trail markers to explain the history of the battle on this pass in detail. 

More About Hiking The Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail 

Time: Around 1 hour

Refreshments (Hikers’ Favorites): Pecos Burger at El Maria Bonita (With a lot of meat and a smoky green chilly flavor!) and Chips and Salsa, of course!

The Trail Guide you collect from the visitor center already keeps you hooked on the site’s history. Indeed, this trail is less about hiking and more about flipping through the pages of the American Civil War in Mexico. 

Let’s Hear It From Other Visitors To The Park 

Really nice park. Easy to find and it is free!

Inside the visitor center, they had a really great exhibit that followed the pecos overtime. It was super informative and brought a lot more meaning to the actual park. After looking around the exhibit, you can take the trail up and around the park and church. It’s amazing that the walls are still there. The view around the park is also beautiful. We spent about 2 hours here.” – Isabelle M.

I really enjoyed this park. My husband didn’t care for it but I think it’s really amazing what is still here. He thinks it’s all recreation and I can’t say if it is or not but I know the current Pecos people don’t see it that way. It’s pretty awesome that it’s free to visit and the visitors center has a little museum that’s also free! The trail starts near the restrooms. We accidentally started it from the end. But who cares. We saw everything and I recommend checking it out. Native people history is really cool.” – Lydia G.

Exploring Wildlife At The Pecos National Historical Park

This historical national park is a hub of wildlife with a 6,500-acre expansion of forests, rivers, grasslands, and streams. The table below enlists the species that call the Pecos National Historical Park their home. 

MammalsElk of Northern New MexicoColorado Chipmunk DeerRock Squirrel
Birds*Steller’s JayMountain BluebirdBald Eagle
Fish and AmphibiansRio Grande ChubLongnose DaceRainbow TroutBrown TroutNew Mexico Spadefoot ToadWoodhouse ToadTiger SalamanderPlains Leopard Frog
ReptilesShort-horned LizardNew Mexico Whiptail LizardBull SnakesGarter SnakesPrairie Rattlesnakes

You will find the Prairie rattlesnakes along the trails. So, please exercise caution and inform the ranger if you come across one on your way. 

A Quick Glance At Some Important Information About Pecos National Historical Park

You must quickly look at the important information available about Pecos National Historical Park before you set in.

Location: San Miguel County, New Mexico

Established: 28th June, 1965

Area: 27 km²

Highest Landscape: Truchas Peak, 3990 Meter

Visitor Center: Pecos National Historical Park Visitor Center

How to Reach: Via State Road 63 

Entry Fee: Free

Best Time to Visit: Autumn (Early September to Mid October)

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Meet Sibashree Bhattacharya, a travel enthusiast who has a decade-long experience in transcending virtual barriers with her words! Her deep love for travel is apparent from her travel escapades to the mountain, often taking her readers on a journey, her words acting as Portkey! Fun fact: Sibashree loves to dive deep into the history of the places she is about to visit, making her travels even more wholesome. If you were wondering how her articles are not short of time travel, this answers it!

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Once known as the Oil Capital of the World, Tulsa today is known for its concentration of art deco architecture, and a cosmopolitan vibe.  On the Arkansas River, the city of Oklahoma is also the quintessence of the famous “Southern Hospitality” of the nation. Further, Tulsa offers the best fine dining experience, making it an ideal destination for culinary tourism in Oklahoma or the entire USA.  In fact, forums like Secret Food Tours are now conducting food tours in the city. This is the ultimate food adventure where you peep into famous restaurants’ kitchens. Nevertheless, beyond food tourism, the entire travel landscape in Tulsa looks promising. In fact, the Tulsa Regional Chamber has decided that Tulsa Regional Tourism will market the city as a center for tourism, sports, and culture.  Do you also want to explore this beautiful city of Oklahoma? Here is a brief guide for you. Unique Things To Do In Tulsa: Explore Food And More  The Tulsa Regional Chamber portrayed a happy picture of Tourism in Tulsa in 2022-2023. In the 2022-23 fiscal year, the hotels in Tulsa created a market impact of $317.2 million.  The numbers being so promising have encouraged the Tulsa Regional Chamber to start the Improve Our Tulsa program. This is an improvement package with a capital of $ 814 million to improve the Cox Business Convention Center, Tulsa Zoo, Tulsa Performing Arts Center, etc.  All these market figures and initiatives show Tulsa’s rise as a tourism destination in the USA. However, to explore the unique things to do in Tulsa, you will have to get your itinerary right first.  1. Visiting the Cave House https://www.instagram.com/p/Cq0vYy7purr/?img_index=1 Built in Tulsa in 1924, the Cave House is now one of the city’s most important landmarks. It was a chicken restaurant earlier, and today, it is a great place for family adventure with amusing stories.  The entry fee to the Cave House is $15, and kids under 13 can get entry to the Cave House at $7.50. 2. Exploring the Gilcrease Museum https://www.instagram.com/p/CLMchHKj1KV/ Operating Hours: 6 AM to 11 PM Entry Fee: $5-8 Do you want to visit the best artwork of the American West? Gilcrease Museum should be your go-to destination.  Frederic Remington, Charles Marion Russell, and Frank Tenney Johnson are some noted artists to feature in this museum.  The Pioneer Garden, Rock Garden, and Pre-Colombian Garden are part of its 23-acre outdoor theme garden.  3. Visiting the Philbrook Museum of Art  Operating Hours: Wednesday to Sunday (Except Friday) - 9 AM to 5 PM Friday: 9 AM to 9 PM Monday And Tuesday - Closed  Entry Fee: Free for Children below 2, $18 for Adults and $8 for Youth Amidst expansive gardens stands the Philbrook Museum of Art, one of the oldest art museums in the country. It has a whopping collection of more than 200000 objects to tell unique stories of human history. Along with the other collectibles, the Philbrook Museum of Art has now announced the launch of a new exhibit. It has artwork from the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts or PAF. This exhibit will be on display from 25th September to 29th December 2024.  4. Visiting Tulsa Zoo Operation Hours: 9 AM to 5 PM Entry Fee: Free for children below 3 Years, $10 for children from 3-11, $12 for 18-64 years old, and $12 for 65 years and above Located in the Mohawak Park of Tulsa, Tulsa Zoo has state-of-the-art exhibits. It is also a place to encounter animals from all over the world. In this zoo, You will meet animals like the Malayan Tiger, Komodo dragon, snow leopard, Chinese alligators, etc. Further, the zoo is a great place for birders with species like the “fawn-breasted bowerbird,” blue-crowned hanging parrot, and more.  Did You Know?Tulsa Zoo was recently in the news for welcoming five Malayan tiger cubs. These tigers belong to critically endangered species, and the birth of the five cubs has increased the number of Malayan cubs in North America by 10%.“The survival of these five cubs is a major milestone for the critically endangered Malayan tiger population. Each day, we weighed the cubs and completed health checks and supplemental feedings. The opportunity to visually inspect the cubs, monitor their progress, and intervene if necessary is paramount.”Jordan Piha, Curator of Mammals, Tulsa Zoo Fine Dining: Experience One Of The Best Things To Do In Tulsa  Trying the local delicacies at fine dining restaurants is one of the best things to do in Tulsa. These restaurants have their staples and daily specials for the gastronomic delight of the visitors.  Here is a list of some of the best fine-dining restaurants in Tulsa. 1. Kilkenny's Irish Pub https://www.instagram.com/p/C4YdPUPOl-n/ Phone Number: +1 918-582-8282 Tour and Travel Rating: 4.5 With a quaint charm, Kilkenny's Irish Pub serves the best corned beef in Tulsa. Also, you can never have enough of the Irish stew at Kilkenny's Irish Pub. Further, Kilkenny's Irish Pub is an excellent eatery to try seafood like oysters and lobsters. Moreover, the bartender service here is friendly. So, you will feel like coming back.  2. SMOKE On Cherry Street https://www.instagram.com/p/C-li45JoaAM/ Phone Number: +1 918-949-4440 Tour and Travel Rating: 4.4 It’s bliss to try smoked trout salad and grilled oysters at SMOKE. The restaurant does every bit of justice to its name. Further, the chicken pasta here is delicious. The menu of SMOKE is “Inspired American.” So, the food served here is the quintessence of American delicacies served in the southern part of the country.  Moreover, celebrated chef Erik Reynolds and other chefs here use locally produced veggies and steaks. In addition, you will find vegan-friendly, gluten-free, and vegetarian options in the restaurant.   3. Sisserou’s https://www.instagram.com/p/Cb0Q1EROJBm/?img_index=1 Phone Number: +1 918-576-6800 Tour and Travel Rating: 4.4 Do you want to try the Caribbean or Jamaican food in Tulsa? Sisserou’s is the go-to destination.  It’s a sin not to try the rum cakes or the crab appetizers here. Further, the waffles here are quite good, and the presentation is even better with syrup and bananas. You can even try the fried jerk chicken at Sisserou’s. Moreover, the service here is good and quick.  4. Mahogany Prime Steakhouse https://www.instagram.com/p/CeBvV5QM8tk/ Phone Number: +1 918-494-4043 Tour and Travel Rating: 4.3 We had the best steak in Tulsa at Mahogany Prime Steakhouse. You will also find the sauteed mushroom and  New York Strips here yummy.  One more thing I am in absolute love with at Mahogany Prime Steakhouse is the crab cake. Of course, you will love the American staple, mac n cheese, here.  Exploring The Art Deco Architecture Of Tulsa  You will find the Deco District in Downtown Tulsa. Here, the most prominent buildings of the city have made a compact guild. Further, the Tulsa Preservation Commission has preserved and maintained the following art deco buildings in the city. Boulder on the Park Christ the King Church City Veterinary Hospital Davis Residence Webster High School, etc. The people of Tulsa have been in love with the Art Deco style since the oil money boosted the economy of Tulsa Downtown. Making its debut in a Paris exposition in 1925, the Art Deco style came to Tulsa a few years later.  Also read Top 13 Famous Wonders Of India That You Must Visit! Top 10 Most Popular Paraguay Food That You Must Try. Top Tips For Motorbike Rental In Phuket – A Guide To Exploring The Island On Two Wheels.