I stood before the remnants of the South Pueblo walls, looking over the Mission Church on an autumn day last year. Looking at the archaeological site and standing below the blue fall sky, I was transported to the time of the American Revolution.
Further, I could hear the noise of a bustling trade fair with people from the Pecos Pueblo community doing business. However, the historical importance of the park is much beyond its association with the American Revolution. It is also related to the Civil War in New Mexico and the Independence of Mexico.
So, with centuries of human history etched in every corner, the Pecos National Historical Park is an intersection of past tales and nature. To be honest, The Pecos Pueblo and Santa Fe Trail were the biggest highlights for me when I was at the national park.
Therefore, my ode to the park will start with brief accounts of these places. Then, I will talk about the Glorieta Pass, again a site of historical importance in the park. Finally, you will have a quick look at the park’s wildlife.
Pecos National Historical Park: A Land Of Historic Wars And Revolutions
The history of human lives in the Pecos National Historical Park goes back to the Preceramic Period or the 11,500 B.C.E. – 600 C.E. However, the Pecos Pueblo site in the park became a prominent place in the history of the American Revolution in the Early Colonial and Pre-Revolt era.
Spanish people started interacting with the Pueblo people. Further, thanks to the Franciscan Missions, the Spanish rule wanted to have command over the economic life and beliefs of the Pueblo people.
Thus, the first seeds of the American Revolution were sown. To combat the oppression of the Spanish people, the Pueblo Revolt took place on 10th August 1680. As a result, the Spanish Government and Franciscan Friars were expelled from the southwest under the leadership of Po’pay from Ohkay Owengeh. The Spanish Mission Church, built in 1625, was also destroyed in the revolt of 1680.
However, in 1692, the Spanish People further reclaimed the Pecos Pueblo and many other pueblos. Finally, the Pueblo people declined in numbers in 1700. Before, during, and after the first American Revolution, The Pecos Pueblo emerged as an important location with significant events around it!
Further, around 200 years later (1821-1846 C.E.), another site in the park, the Santa Fe Trail, witnessed travelers, settlers, and everyone else passing through it. The trail was opened in 1821 after Mexico gained its independence from Spain.
The remains of Pecos Pueblo stood there! By the 1830s, the migration of the Pubelo people was complete, and everyone had shifted to the Pueblo of Jemez and continued their traditions.
Moreover, in 1862, there was the “Battle of Glorieta Pass.” On 26th March 1862, this battle between the Union forces and Confederates occurred at a 700 feet elevation.
The rise of the Pecos Pueblo site occurred between 1350 C.E. and 1838 C.E. The Pueblo site had two units, the north and south, and could accommodate around 2000 people. Further, it had 1000 rooms.
Therefore, Pecos Pueblo thrived as a busy trading center with trade fairs involving people from Rio Grande Pueblos, Plains Nations, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific Coast. The flint arrowheads and shells found here explain the expansive stretch of the route.
Nevertheless, with time, Pecos Pueblo became instrumental in eliminating Spanish oppression and rule. Still, a drop in the trade, Comanche attacks, and diseases deserted Pecos Pueblo. By 1838 C.E., the last resident of the Pueblo had left and joined the Pueblo of Jemez.
Today, the site stands as a relic from the past. However, it is still equally important for archaeologists and historians.
The Santa Fe Trail
Do you know what the Santa Fe Trail marker near Kozlowski’s Trading Post says? It says,
Santa Fe Trail
1822-1879
Marked by the daughters of the American Revolution and the Territory of Nex Mexico.
With the independence of New Mexico and the western territories becoming an annexure to New Mexico, the Santa Fe Trail became the route or passage to the westward movement. Naturalists, journalists, travelers, aspirants, traders, and others took this passage as part of the American expansion.
Colonel Henry Inman’s “Stories of the Old Santa Fe Trail,” published in 1881, describes the trail well. If you are a history buff, you must read this book well before visiting the Santa Fe Trail today!
“Kozlowski’s Stage Stop and Trading Post” is the highlight of this trail. You can spend some time here to visualize travelers from the past catching some rest after a long journey through the trail. When on the trail, you can explore the remains of the Pueblo and the Mission Church. You can even consider taking a guided tour of the Forked Lightning Ranch.
1. Reason for Conflict: Union forces and Confederates wanted to control the Glorieta Pass Route through the Sangre de Cristo mountains and the main supply center (Fort Union) for the passage of soldiers and supplies.
2. Contenders: The Confederates, with volunteers from Texas and under the leadership of General Shipley and the Union forces led by Colonel Canby, and soldiers from Fort Union, New Mexico, and Colorado.
3. Battle Begins: March 26, 1862
4. Reinforcements: 27th March, 1862
5. Battle Resumes: 28th March, 1862
6. Battle Ends: 29th March, 1862
7. Casualty: Death of 375 People
8. Consequence: The Union forces defeat the Confederates as they fail to ruin the Fort Union. Further, the Union forces maintain complete control over Southwest America.
The Glorieta Battlefield Trail is a popular hiking destination today in Pecos National Historical Park. It is a roundtrip loop, and you will have to cover a distance of 2.25 miles to complete your expedition. Further, the unpaved or graveled hiking route makes it moderately difficult for the hikers. In addition, there is an elevation gain of 152 meters.
You have to drive for around 7.5 miles from the main visitor center of the park. You will need to collect a gate code from the visitor center, which is your access code, to open the locked gate in front of the trail.
As you walk through the forest trail, you get to know more about the Civil War in New Mexico. Many infographics are installed throughout the trail, telling you tales from the past. In addition, there are wayside signs and 14 trail markers to explain the history of the battle on this pass in detail.
More About Hiking The Glorieta Pass Battlefield Trail
Time: Around 1 hour
Refreshments (Hikers’ Favorites): Pecos Burger at El Maria Bonita (With a lot of meat and a smoky green chilly flavor!) and Chips and Salsa, of course!
The Trail Guide you collect from the visitor center already keeps you hooked on the site’s history. Indeed, this trail is less about hiking and more about flipping through the pages of the American Civil War in Mexico.
Let’s Hear It From Other Visitors To The Park
“Really nice park. Easy to find and it is free!
Inside the visitor center, they had a really great exhibit that followed the pecos overtime. It was super informative and brought a lot more meaning to the actual park. After looking around the exhibit, you can take the trail up and around the park and church. It’s amazing that the walls are still there. The view around the park is also beautiful. We spent about 2 hours here.” – Isabelle M.
“I really enjoyed this park. My husband didn’t care for it but I think it’s really amazing what is still here. He thinks it’s all recreation and I can’t say if it is or not but I know the current Pecos people don’t see it that way. It’s pretty awesome that it’s free to visit and the visitors center has a little museum that’s also free! The trail starts near the restrooms. We accidentally started it from the end. But who cares. We saw everything and I recommend checking it out. Native people history is really cool.” – Lydia G.
Exploring Wildlife At The Pecos National Historical Park
This historical national park is a hub of wildlife with a 6,500-acre expansion of forests, rivers, grasslands, and streams. The table below enlists the species that call the Pecos National Historical Park their home.
Mammals
Elk of Northern New MexicoColorado Chipmunk DeerRock Squirrel
Birds*
Steller’s JayMountain BluebirdBald Eagle
Fish and Amphibians
Rio Grande ChubLongnose DaceRainbow TroutBrown TroutNew Mexico Spadefoot ToadWoodhouse ToadTiger SalamanderPlains Leopard Frog
Meet Sibashree Bhattacharya, a travel enthusiast who has a decade-long experience in transcending virtual barriers with her words! Her deep love for travel is apparent from her travel escapades to the mountain, often taking her readers on a journey, her words acting as Portkey! Fun fact: Sibashree loves to dive deep into the history of the places she is about to visit, making her travels even more wholesome. If you were wondering how her articles are not short of time travel, this answers it!
This time of the year is amazing for organizing a trip to an amazing summer destination to spend some leisure time with your loved ones. But packing for a trip can be both exciting and overwhelming, especially when it comes to your beauty essentials.
It's essential to pack smartly and efficiently to ensure that you have everything you need while still leaving enough space in your luggage.
One of the most crucial aspects of packing your makeup bag is choosing the right products. With limited space and weight restrictions, it's crucial to bring only the essentials that you will use throughout your trip.
If you're unsure which items to include in your travel makeup bag, you are in the right place!
Here Are Four Important Essentials Things To Keep With Your Makeup Bag
Read below and we've got your back! We have for you a list with all the essentials to keep with your makeup bag during a trip, in order to feel fresh and pretty on every occasion!
1. Moisturizer with SPF
One of the most crucial products to pack in your makeup bag is a moisturizer with SPF. Traveling can cause your skin to become dehydrated and dull due to different climates, water, and air.
By using face moisturizing products with SPF, you can hydrate and protect your skin from the sun's harmful UV rays. This way, you can enjoy your trip without worrying about sunburn or premature aging caused by sun damage.
2. Mascara
Moreover, if you love makeup you might already know that quality mascara is a must-have item in any travel makeup bag. It instantly opens up your eyes and makes them appear more awake. Opt for a volumizing or lengthening mascara that suits your lash type and enhances your natural beauty.
Choose a waterproof mascara that can cope to prevent smudging and smearing, especially if you'll be swimming or sweating. In case you don’t have quality mascara, it is time for shopping! A mascara will make your eyes look amazing and your makeup even more impressive!
3. Multi-use products
Another amazing tip to save space in your makeup bag, consider bringing multi-use products. For example, a light-tinted moisturizer with a high SPF can provide hydration, coverage, and sun protection in just one step. You can also use it as a base for your makeup or as a touch-up during the day. Similarly, cream blush can double as a lip tint and add a pop of color to your cheeks.
4. Brushes or sponges
Last but not least, don't forget to pack the tools you need to apply your makeup. Brushes or sponges can make a huge difference in how your makeup looks and lasts throughout the day.
Choose the ones that work best with your makeup products and bring a compact brush cleaner to keep them clean and hygienic. Choose to buy some quality brushes because they are very important when it comes to the final result. A quality sponge will apply the concealer much better than a cheap one.
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Kenai Fjords National Park is a place rich in biodiversity. Like the Dry Tortugas National Park, it also harbors a diverse marine ecosystem and a wide range of birds.
Further, it is an elusive land of glaciers, icy lands, rocky mountains, and green canopies. It is also the park where you can take part in activities like hunting, fishing, petting at Exit Glacier, boating, and kayaking. However, the most fascinating activity to do here is watching wildlife.
Here, I will be your entourage in finding how the wilderness becomes alive at the Kenai Fjords National Park.
Exploring Kenai Fjords National Park Wildlife
The Kenai Fjords National Park has one of the highest footfalls among the national parks of America. In 2023, 387,525 people visited this National Park thanks to its wildlife and the most dramatic landscape with glaciers, mountains, ocean, and valleys. (Source)
Further, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game explains why and how the geographical features of the National Park make it rich in wildlife and biodiversity. About the habitat, it says,
“The park contains shallow bays and estuaries, and deeper marine habitats. Regional currents drive nutrients into outer Resurrection Bay, making that area especially rich in fish and an early location for spring bloom of plankton and algae. Cliffs and rocky shores create nesting sites for birds and haul-out areas for marine mammals.”
Do you want a slice of wildlife at this park where whales and mountain goats cohabit in the most amazing way? Let’s explore.
However, if you are more interested in amphibians and reptiles, the Everglades National Park will be your go-to destination.
Whales At Kenai Fjords National Park Wildlife
Watching the whales is one of the best activities to do at Kenai Fjords National Park. You can see the whales here throughout the year.
The table below presents a sneak peek into the different species of whales and their best viewing time.
Type of Whale Best Viewing Time Humpback Whale Mid-May to August Orca or Killer Whale Mid-May to June Gray Whale Mid-April to May Fin Whale May to September
You can easily spot whales on the surface of the water. As they spout, fluke dive, breach, or spy hop in the water, you will get to know about their playful nature.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ensures that cruising companies and visitors maintain respectful behavior when they are on whale-watching trips.
Other Sea Mammals At Kenai Fjords
Kenai Fjords is home to many sea mammals along with various species of whales. Don’t forget to catch a glimpse of Dall’s Porpoises, harbor seals, sea otters, and sea lions.
Dall’s Porpoise
Dall’s Porpoises look like orcas but are faster. They eat lanternfish, octopus, and squid.
Harbor Seals
You will find these cute sea mammals resting around active glaciers. They also stay on ice floes. They love to eat shellfish and fish.
Sea Otters
You will spot the playful sea otters swimming on their back in the water. They love fish, crabs, sea urchins, and squids.
They are furry, and the funniest thing is to see them using their bellies as tables. For sure, you will want to grab a soft toy version of these sea mammals.
Stellar Sea Lions
Stellar sea lions are an endangered species, and they stay on the icy shore of the sea. They have reddish fur, and they are 6-8 in height.
These mammals survive on fish and mollusks.
Birds At Kenai Fjords
From the NPS archive, a historical document on Kenai Fjords National Park says,
“Kenai Fjords provides habitat for at least 191 species of birds. The black oystercatcher spends most of its time feeding in the rich intertidal zone. Tufted and horned puffins nest in rock crevices along the coast. Bald eagles patrol the waters in search of salmon and other fish.”
It’s time we meet the birds and learn briefly about them.
Horned Puffins
These beautiful birds have unique black horn-like markings over their eyes. The touch of red on the tip of their beaks further makes them easily distinguishable.
You must visit the Kenai Fjords from mid-May to August to catch a glimpse of these birds.
Bald Eagles
You may catch bald eagles preying on fish and waterfowl. They get their name from their white-feathered head.
Peregrine Falcons
Known for excellent hunting abilities, peregrine falcons have a vibrant touch of yellow around their eyes and on their beaks.
Along with these birds, you can also see birds like the common murre, black-legged kittiwake, and cormorant at Kenai Fjords National Park.
Land Mammals At Kenai Fjords
Mountain goats and brown and black bears are common at Kenai Fjords. The mountain goats have split hooves for a better grip on the mountains and on the snowy land.
Further, many people visit the Kenai Fjords only to meet black and brown bears. These bears love eating fish, berries, and other vegetation.
Final Words
Global temperature changes and glacier melting have challenged the vast wilderness at Kenai Fjords National Park. Further, the movements of crustal plates beneath the Earth's surface make the landscape and its ecosystem volatile.
So, there is nothing permanent about the animals found in this park, stretching over 1000 square miles of water and land. Also, it is impossible to know about all the species habituating here thanks to the geographical nature and dramatic differences in weather conditions across seasons.
Nevertheless, as you take a tour of this rich national park on a cruise or explore its various parks, make sure to abide by the safety norms. Respect nature and its inhabitants! This is the best way to experience the natural abundance the park is known for.
Do you have plans to visit the Kenai Fjords anytime soon? What do you find the most amazing thing about it? Don’t forget to share your ideas with us!
Wildlife At Kenai Fjords National Park: FAQs
What Animals Can You See In Kenai Fjords National Park? Kenai Fjords wilderness is vivid. As you take a cruise trip or explore the National Park, you will notice the seals first, comfortable on the floating ice in the sea. Further, the male and female sea lions make their presence felt on the icy seashore. Kenai Fjords is home to many notable species of marine and land mammals. Also, you will find various birds here. Whales, sea otters, Dall's porpoise, gray wolves, minks, and mountain goats are common animals here. Birds such as puffins, bald eagles, and peregrine falcons will greet you as you visit this beautiful national park. Can You See Bears In Kenai Fjords National Park? Located at the edge of the Kenai Peninsula, Kenai Fjords has black and brown bears. Black bears are easily spotted, and they are more timid than brown bears. The National Park Service has a set of safety guidelines, including not attracting bears with food and garbage and avoiding their personal spaces. Follow the norms to make your interaction with the bears delightful. Can You See Northern Lights In Kenai Fjords National Park? Yes, you can see the Northern Lights in Kenai Fjords National Park during the autumn and winter seasons. The night sky of Kenai Fjords looks like the most amazing melange of green, purple, blue, and green shades. If you are a religious soul, you must visit the Virgin Mary Russian Orthodox Church with the Northern Lights dancing in the sky. It’s the most divine experience. For a spiritual journey, watch the lights over the Seward boat harbor. When To See Whales In Kenai Fjords National Park? You can see whales in Kenai Fjords National Park throughout the year. However, if you want to watch a specific species of whale among the varieties seen here, you must plan a trip according to the right season. The best time for watching gray whales is March and April. In these months, gray whales migrate to this part of the world through the Gulf of Alaska. Do you want to watch the humpback whales? You can see them from May to October. They flock in large numbers from Mexico and Hawaii. They live in the water here as they can find nutrient-rich food for them throughout the summer. In addition, Orcas or the killer whales are seen in mid-May and June. Moreover, if you are lucky enough, you will also see minke whales and fin whales in this area. What Is Special About Kenai Fjords? Your Alaska trip is incomplete without a visit to Kenai Fjords National Park, where you can see the best of the marine world. Also, it is the home to Northwestern, Aialik, and Holgate tidewater glaciers. Glaciers move relentlessly into the sea. Further, it is the most picturesque landscape where mountains, an ancient icefield, valleys, cascading falls, forest canopies, and the great Pacific Ocean coexist. Thanks to this coexistence, Kenai Fjords National Park is rich in biodiversity. You will find humpback whales, sea otters, mountain goats and many species of birds in the National Park. Designated as a National Park in 1980, Kenai Fjords National Park also protects various archeological and historical remains. The park has many prehistoric, protohistoric, and historic sites. Archeologists still conduct surveys in this park to learn more about the human way of living and why it has changed over the years.
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What Is The Best Time To Visit Glacier National Park? Find The Answer Here!
Wine is like a slow poison to us. The sparkling taste of it with every sip may remind us of heaven. For wine lovers, a wine-tasting tour is of different importance.
Wine has a different form to deliver its experience to the people. The more it gets old, the better it tastes. However, considering wine at home is fine, but going on a wine tour and cherishing the organic and pure wines from the firm is totally unmatchable to any other experience.
If you are in Catalonia, you know that its capital Barcelona is popular for wine tours. However, if you are new in that place and you have only a short time to experience Barcelona, then going for a wine tour can be a prominent solution.
Twelve different classified appellations of the origin of Catalonia consider various vineyards and wineries. Almost 70,000 hectares are dedicated to the vineyards and wineries in that place. A warm climate and Fertile soils are perfect for preparing wine in Barcelona.
Long before the Romans, the Phoenicians reached this place and started producing wines for their cherishing events.
Well, being a wine enthusiast knowing a bit about southeastern Spain and its history is not a sin. However, we know that knowing the history of the place is not enough to mitigate your thirst.
You want the tour details, and here we are to give you the information.
Best Wine Tours To Experience In Barcelona
Experiencing a wine tour in Barcelona is like cherishing the world-famous Cava wines. In the early 1870s, Josep Raventos successfully imitated the French Champagne method in the Codorniu winery to produce Cava wines.
Apart from its history, Barcelona has a diversity of wine options. You can now experience white, red, and sparkling wine together in the memorable wine tours in Barcelona.
Now it's time to make your time in Barcelona remarkable and cherishing. Let's find out some amazing wine trips that you can do this year.
4×4 Penedes Wine Tour
If you have a budget issue, then you simply can afford to go on this tour. A small group visit to this winery can be the best option for you. From Barcelona city center you can easily go on this trip.
Well, you will find a manor house in front of this place. Then you can get an unforgettable ride in the vineyards. You will also find a church called Romanesque.
Here we will get to know some secrets about wine and also can visit two different winners. One considers four distinct wines and another only allows you to savor Cava.
Priorat Tour
In the south of Barcelona, you will find another important wine region called Priorat. If you want to cherish the taste of wine in a Mediterranean landscape full of villages, mountainous territories, and wild, fascinating areas, Priorat can be a nice option for you.
Old Garnacha and Cariñena vines planted over microclimates can give you a different form of experience. This winery has a restaurant to give you a chance to taste their pure wine which may give you goosebumps.
Cava Sabrage
If you want to try a unique activity and want to get rid of the boredom of the corkscrew bottle opening process, then this place is going to be in the first place on your tour list. Here you can try the unique process of opening the wine bottle with a sword.
If you are considering this activity, then you might be able to enjoy it in a charming bodega to upgrade the wine activity.
Montserrat & Wine
If you want to taste some regional wine after lunch, this is your place. It is considered one of the best day-trip wineries in Barcelona.
First half you may come access with a three-course Catalan meal.
The second half starts with a family-run boutique winery.
Cherish the taste of three different wines and return to the center of Barcelona by the evening.
Can Calopa Winery Tour
Can Calopa Winery in Collserola Natural Park be a remote place with a not very popular approach? So, this is going to be a different expense for you if you are not considering a large group.
Considerably Can Calopa is the only place where you will be able to consider the making of wine within the Barcelona city limits. Well, here, you will get an 18th-century vibe with a dining hall, farmhouse, cellar, and vineyard.
Consider these tours to make your Barcelona trip boozed and memorable.
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