All You Need To Know About Korean Currency Rate And Money

May 19, 2023

Last Updated on: Aug 22, 2025

Travel Guides

For avid travelers and investors, the Korean currency rate can be a fascinating topic of discussion. Understanding the fluctuations of the won against other currencies can give insights into its economy.

Likewise, it could say much about Korea’s political developments and investors’ sentiment in the market.

This article will explore everything about the Korean currency rate. As such, we will cover the basic conversion rates to the impact of major events on the Korean economy.

History Of Korean Currency

South Korean currency has rich historical data that dates back to the early dynasties of Korea. It all started with the use of cowry shells and pearls as currency. As time passed, metal coins and paper money became popular.

The Japanese occupation of Korea introduced the Japanese yen as the official currency. Yet, in 1945, the Korean won was introduced and became the official currency.

Interestingly, the won was initially divided into 100 jeon, but the jeon was eliminated in 1960. The won has undergone many transformations to ensure price stability and economic growth. In modern times, the South Korean won is the official currency used in South Korea.

Today, the value of the South Korean won fluctuates with the global exchange rates. It’s one of the world’s top 20 currencies by value.

Current South Korean Won Exchange Rate

Knowing the latest exchange rate for the Korean won can be helpful in budgeting and forecasting your finances. As of January 2023, the exchange rate for Korean won is fluctuating depending on the global market and demand.

Below are some of the latest conversion rates:

  • 1 US dollar = 1,315.29 Korean won (USD to KRW)
  • 1 Australian dollar = 893.35 Korean won (AUD to KRW)
  • 1 Chinese yuan = 192.07 Korean won (CNY to KRW)
  • 1 Japanese yen = 9.90 Korean won (JPY to KRW)

However, exchange rates may vary depending on banks’ locations and policies.

Check exchange rates online through various currency converter websites to ease the currency conversion. Alternatively, download an exchange rate or currency calculator app. With these tools, you can convert your dollars to South Korean won (USD – KRW) or any other currency at the current rate.

Banknotes And Coins

Banknotes and coins in South Korea are not only used for daily transactions. Yet, they also hold significant cultural value. As such, these banknotes come in different denominations and colors.

For instance, the 1,000-won note features a Confucian scholar. Then, the 10,000 won note features Admiral Yi Sun-sin, known for his naval victories against Japan.

Meanwhile, the 50,000 won note features Shin Saimdang, a prominent female artist. Besides that, she was the mother of the famous Korean painter Yi I. These banknotes represent important historical figures and showcase various artistic designs.

Similarly, Korean coins are equally fascinating, with 10, 50, 100, and 500 won denominations. Each coin features a different symbol that holds cultural significance.

The 500-won coin features the portrait of King Sejong, who invented the Korean alphabet. Meanwhile, the 100-won coin features the image of a crane, symbolizing longevity and good fortune in Korean culture.

When visiting South Korea, carry some local currency as most stores prefer cash transactions. Foreign exchange markets are available in major cities, but it is crucial to know exchange fees as they vary.

Overall, banknotes and coins in South Korea hold monetary value and capture the country’s cultural heritage. Visit the Bank of Korea to learn more about their banknotes and coins.

Money-Handling And Etiquette

As with any country, knowing the cultural norms when handling money in South Korea is good. As such, for Koreans, money is not just a means but a representation of energy.

Below are some key points to note:

  • Cleanliness is crucial. Many Koreans believe money represents energy and keep their bills and coins as clean as possible. Hence, you will rarely see crumpled or dirty bills in circulation. Besides that, many Koreans carry cash and coins in wallets and change purses. For them, it is not just a convenient way to have cash but a way to keep it clean and maintain the money’s energy.
  • Respectful giving and receiving. When giving or receiving money, using both hands for respect is customary. This act is particularly true when exchanging money with older people or of a higher status than you.
  • No throwing or placing on the floor. Throwing money or putting it on the floor is considered disrespectful. If you drop a coin or bill, pick it up immediately. Likewise, people usually place money on a designated tray or hand it directly to the receiver.
  • Cash vs. Card. Credit cards are widely accepted in Korea. Yet, having some Korean won for small transactions or in areas that only accept cash is always good.

Keep this Korean currency rate information. Doing so will allow you to navigate financial transactions in South Korea with ease and respect for the country’s cultural norms.

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Abdul Aziz Mondol is a professional blogger who is having a colossal interest in writing blogs and other jones of calligraphies. In terms of his professional commitments, he loves to share content related to business, finance, technology, and the gaming niche.

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Best Beaches In Costa Rica For Family Vacation

BY  Arnab Apr 14, 2023

Costa Rica is a tropical gem between the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. This is home to various picture-perfect beaches. Beaches in Costa Rica have over 800 miles of coastline. They are as diverse as the country's lush rainforests and vibrant wildlife. This Central American paradise is perfect for families seeking unforgettable experiences. However, Costa Rica has 300 beaches. So, choosing a destination that caters to all age groups can be challenging. Fortunately, Costa Rica's beaches offer many attractions and activities. You can choose gentle waves, thrilling water sports, or pristine sands. These handpicked best beaches in Costa Rica are perfect for family vacations. Each has its unique offerings, safety, and family-friendly atmosphere. Are you ready to find the ultimate beach haven for your family? Dive into our guide and let us unveil the magic of Costa Rica's coastal treasures. Let’s get started! Criteria for Family-Friendly Costa Rica Beaches As mentioned earlier, there are tons of beaches in Costa Rica. And if you are just traveling for a short amount of time, it is impossible to go to all of them. Thus, it's essential to choose the right beach that meets the needs of every family member. This is to ensure that you’ll have an unforgettable experience. The following criteria will help you select the best beaches in Costa Rica. Safety and Cleanliness Safety should always be a top priority when planning a family vacation. Look for beaches with calm waters and gentle slopes. This is ideal for children who want to splash around without worrying about strong currents. Additionally, choose clean and maintained beaches. This will ensure a healthy environment for your family. Accessibility and Facilities Find a beach that’s accessible, with parking options and well-maintained paths. Additionally, consider beaches with essential facilities. These are restrooms, showers, changing areas, and nearby restaurants or snack bars. This will please everyone throughout the day. Activities and Attractions A family vacation is only complete with activities and attractions to entertain everyone. When selecting the best beaches in Costa Rica, consider those that offer water sports. Also, find beaches near attractions, like national parks or wildlife refuges. Top 5 Family-Friendly Beaches in Costa Rica Now that we’ve established the criteria for family-friendly beaches, let’s discover the top 5 beaches in Costa Rica. These beaches will offer a blend of natural beauty, safety, and activities for the family. 1. Playa Conchal Playa Conchal is one of the most beautiful and pristine beaches in Costa Rica. It's unique white sand and turquoise waters make it perfect for family vacations. The beach is on the northwestern coast of Costa Rica, in the province of Guanacaste. It's accessible by car, with paved roads leading to the beach. The beach is famous for its crushed-shell sand. It gives a unique and stunning appearance. Also, its crystal-clear waters are ideal for swimming and snorkeling. Activities and Attractions Playa Conchal offers a variety of family-friendly activities. Boat Tour: You can take a boat tour to explore the Catalina Islands. It is typical to spot various marine creatures. On a good day, you'll see manta rays, turtles, whitetip reef sharks, and much wildlife on the Island. Snorkeling and Swimming: The beach has calm waters and rich marine life. This makes Playa Conchal an excellent spot for snorkeling. Kids will love spotting colorful fish and marine creatures. Nearby Resorts and Restaurants: The beach is close to several all-inclusive resorts. They offer many amenities and activities. There are also various local restaurants nearby, serving delicious Costa Rican cuisine. 2. Manuel Antonio Beach Manuel Antonio Beach is one of the best beaches in Costa Rica. It is on the Pacific coast within the renowned Manuel Antonio National Park. This beautiful beach is accessible by car or bus. This makes it a popular destination for Costa Rica vacations. The beach is also known for its white-sand shores and crystal-clear waters. Manuel Antonio Beach offers a stunning backdrop for your family vacation. The surrounding rainforest is teeming with wildlife. You’ll see monkeys, sloths, and colorful birds on a good day. Activities and Attractions Manuel Antonio Beach is a picturesque location and offers many activities. Here you can swim, snorkel, or simply relax on the shore. There is something for everyone to enjoy. Manuel Antonio National Park: This is a popular national park next to the beach. It is the perfect spot for family hikes and wildlife spotting. The park's well-maintained trails suit all ages. This makes it a must-visit destination during your Costa Rica vacation. Guided Tours and Beach Activities: Plenty of guided tours and activities are available for families. This ranges from wildlife safaris and snorkeling to zip-lining and horseback riding. Nearby Accommodations and Dining Options: Manuel Antonio boasts many accommodations. You can choose from luxury resorts to budget-friendly hotels. Many dining options have local and international cuisine. This will ensure a satisfying culinary experience during your stay. 3. Tamarindo Beach Tamarindo Beach is on the Pacific coast in Guanacaste province. It is one of the most accessible and popular beaches in Costa Rica. Liberia International Airport is only an hour away from the beach. Tamarindo has a long stretch of sandy beach and consistent waves. This makes it a favorite destination for beginner and experienced surfers. The wide beach also offers plenty of space for sunbathing and playing in the sand. Activities and Attractions Besides surfing, Tamarindo Beach offers a variety of activities. Examples are snorkeling, horseback riding, and canopy tours. Additionally, nearby national parks provide opportunities for wildlife watching and eco-tours. Surf Lessons for All Ages: Many surf schools in Tamarindo offer lessons for all ages and skill levels. This makes it the perfect place for the entire family to learn and enjoy surfing together. Wildlife Watching and Eco-Tours: For nature lovers, Tamarindo Beach has diverse ecosystems. It provides opportunities for wildlife watching and eco-tours. Families can explore the nearby Marino Las Baulas National Park. You can also enjoy a boat tour through the mangroves of the Tamarindo Wildlife Refuge, or even head out on one of these Tamarindo fishing charters. Variety of Restaurants and Accommodations: Tamarindo offers a wide selection of restaurants and accommodations. Nearby restaurants offer Caribbean-inspired cuisine, local seafood, and international options. 4. Playa Hermosa The beach is in Guanacaste Province. Playa Hermosa is one of the most accessible and best beaches in Costa Rica. It is only a 25-minute drive from Liberia International Airport. This tropical haven is perfect for families looking to maximize their beach time. Playa Hermosa boasts calm waters and a relaxed atmosphere. This makes it the perfect spot for a family getaway. It has gentle waves and warm, crystal-clear waters. This makes it an ideal destination for swimming and lounging on the golden sands. Activities and Attractions This Costa Rica beach offers plenty of family-friendly activities and attractions. There's no shortage of things to do. You can go kayaking and paddleboarding or play beach volleyball. If you’re adventurous, consider a snorkeling tour to explore the vibrant marine life. Beachfront Restaurants and Hotels: Families will appreciate the beachfront restaurants and hotels along Playa Hermosa's shoreline. Choose from various dining options that include local Costa Rican cuisine and fresh seafood. Many hotels also offer kid-friendly amenities. It ensures a comfortable and enjoyable stay for the whole family. Nearby Adventure Parks and Wildlife Reserves: Families can venture to adventure parks and wildlife reserves for a break from the beach. Explore Rincon de la Vieja National Park. This is perfect for hiking, wildlife spotting, and volcanic hot springs. Also, Diamante Eco Adventure Park lets you zipline through the rainforest. This allows you to encounter Costa Rican wildlife up close. 5. Tortuguero Beach The beach is on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. Tortuguero Beach is an enchanting destination for families seeking a unique beach experience. This remote beach is only accessible by boat or plane. This makes it a true tropical paradise, free from the hustle and bustle of the city. Tortuguero Beach is the gateway to Tortuguero National Park. The park is home to an incredible array of wildlife. Families can enjoy the sights and sounds of the rainforest. If you’re lucky, you can see monkeys, toucans, and sloths while exploring the canals and lagoons surrounding the beach. Activities and Attractions There are plenty of family-friendly activities at Tortuguero Beach. Kids will love exploring the nearby trails and waterways. At the same time, parents can indulge in the serene beauty of the beach itself. Sea Turtle Nesting and Hatching: One of the most unforgettable experiences at Tortuguero Beach is witnessing sea turtles nesting and hatching. From July to October, families can watch as green, hawksbill, and leatherback turtles lay their eggs. Later in the season, baby turtles can be seen emerging from their nests and making their way to the ocean. Guided Tours and Educational Programs: Consider joining a guided tour or participating in an educational program. This is to make the most of your visit. These activities teach visitors about the local ecosystem. It also promotes responsible tourism and wildlife conservation. Eco-Friendly Lodges and Accommodations: There are lots of eco-friendly lodges and accommodations near Tortuguero Beach. These options blend seamlessly with the surrounding environment. It allows you to fully immerse yourself in the beauty of Costa Rica's best beaches. Conclusion The dazzling array of beaches in Costa Rica offers an unforgettable family vacation. These beaches in Costa Rica cater to families of all sizes and ages. Your vacation perfectly blends relaxation, adventure, and quality time. Costa Rica's natural beauty is unparalleled. It offers lush rainforests, volcanic landscapes, and teeming wildlife, complementing its idyllic shorelines. Immerse yourselves in this remarkable country. Discover its hidden gems and create lasting memories. So pack your bags and grab the sunscreen. Explore the incredible beaches in Costa Rica, where family vacations become treasured stories for years. Read Also: Tips For Vacationing In Gatlinburg Great Vacation Ideas For Adventurers 4 Fun Trip Ideas To Plan For This Year

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What Are The Unique Things To Do In Malacca? Know The Malacca Tourist Attractions 

BY  Sibashree Jan 28, 2026

Malacca gave me pieces of history, an insane fusion of cultures and cuisine that I can still remember now, and plenty of tourist attractions with meaning behind them.  There are many similarities between Georgetown, Penang, and Malacca – I hear that line all the time – but Malacca has a quieter atmosphere that you can feel when you walk through the streets. For starters, Georgetown and Malacca are both UNESCO World Heritage sites. You have no excuse not to visit either of these cities.  Malacca is located right between Singapore and KL, and it’s also a convenient spot to visit if you’re going to be in the area. Alright, no excuses. Need to visit Malacca in a day? Yes, you can definitely visit it on a day trip if you’re coming from Kuala Lumpur. I’ve also compiled a list of things to do in Malacca! How To Reach Malacca? Malacca can be found on the southeastern coast of Malaysia. The city lies nearly midway between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore, though it is slightly nearer to KL.  Buses to Malacca operate from Kuala Lumpur and Singapore, in addition to routes from Penang. You can also catch buses directly from KL Airport if you prefer not to spend time traveling there.  As I stated, taking a day trip from KL to Malacca is quite simple. How To Get Around Malacca? Although walking was my favored way to navigate Malacca, there are other alternatives available.  You can effortlessly arrange light-up rickshaws, taxis, and Grab ride shares to navigate the city.  If you’re coming to Malacca by bus, check if your hotel offers a free shuttle, as mine does.  If not, since Malaka Sentral is 3km away from Jonker Street, you'll have to use a taxi or take the local bus. Where To Stay In Malacca? Determining accommodation in Malacca should be straightforward if you concentrate on Chinatown.  There is no shortage of budget accommodations in Malacca, and I happily recommend Hotel Hong.  Simple and affordable, the employees were pleasant, and it was located in a fascinating neighborhood near the community mosque.  It contributed to making my time in Malacca a pleasant experience. What Are The Unique Things To Do In Malacca? Malacca's diverse cultures have influenced its captivating history, food, and architecture.  There are numerous activities in Malacca that allow you to discover these aspects of the city even more. View these eight as your foundation. 1. Exploring The Dutch Square Dutch Square is likely the ideal location to begin a visit to Malacca as it lies at the heart of the city's historic center.  Situated by the city's riverbank, this square is visually striking and carries historical importance.  At the center of Dutch Square lies a lively garden and fountain that are pleasant, but the stunning Dutch colonial buildings surrounding this square are the true highlight.  Painted uniformly in an earthy red hue, it's improbable you ever envisioned Malaysia resembling this.  However, Malaysia has many reminders of its colonial history, just like Malacca. This assortment of reminders truly possesses an impressive appearance. The primary attractions of Dutch Square include the Stadthuys, Christ Church Melaka, and the Malacca Clock Tower.  All were constructed in the 17th century by Dutch settlers, thus the square's name.  The Stadthuys, previously the home of the Governor, now contains an ethnographic museum. 2. Climbing To St. Paul’s Church As you ascend the side of the Stadthuys, you ought to notice a tiny staircase leading up the hill a little.  As you progress along this path, you’ll make your way to the summit of the hill and the atmospheric remains of St Paul’s Church.  The remnants of this roofless church hold a prominent position atop St Paul’s Hill, offering views across much of Malacca.  It's not a very challenging hike, and the church serves as a natural pause along the Malacca sights trail. Originally constructed by the Portuguese in the 1500s, it was harmed, restored, and renamed by the Dutch when they seized Malacca in the 1600s.  For more than a hundred years, the church has remained in decay, its stained walls serving as a testament to Malacca's intricate history. Additional reminders can be discovered by taking the northern route down from St Paul’s Hill, where you will come across several tombstones and the Dutch Graveyard. 3. Exploring A Famosa Before the Dutch came, Malacca was a fortified settlement of the Portuguese known as A Famosa. Numerous walls and fortifications from A Famosa were destroyed during the Dutch conquest, but Portuguese traces remain in several sites. Among the defenses, only the Porta de Santiago gate is still preserved. Capturing a picture here is undoubtedly one of the most popular pastimes in Malacca. 4. Taking A Tour Of The Melaka Sultanate Palace Museum Let’s not forget that before European settlers showed up, people were already living here.  The Malacca Sultanate ruled this area for over a century before the Portuguese ever set foot on these shores. When the Portuguese landed in the early 1500s, they didn’t waste any time. They tore down the sultan’s palace and put up St Paul’s Church right where it stood. Now, if you walk around Malacca, you’ll come across what looks like a real Sultanate Palace. Here’s the thing: it’s not the original.  The Melaka Sultanate Palace you see today is a detailed reconstruction from the 1980s. The reconstruction work took the old records as a guide.  Inside, there’s a museum that really dives into the culture and history of the city. Stroll through the gardens or check out the museum’s exhibits—you’ll see plenty about local traditions, clothing, legends, and more.  Honestly, it’s one of the most interesting spots to visit if you want to get a real feel for Malacca’s past. 5. Seeing The Melaka Riverfront Although there are more famous attractions in Malacca, the river undeniably stands as the city's primary landmark.  Winding through the larger city before dividing the Old Town from the colonial areas, the Melaka River is difficult to overlook.  When Malacca was a prominent port city, the river played a role in its prosperity. Nowadays, it fulfills its role by providing guests with river cruises and beautiful views. 6. Eating At Jonker Street Undoubtedly, no street in Malacca is more renowned than Jonker Street.  While it often appears to be just a primary road in the Old Town, the atmosphere shifts significantly on Friday and Saturday nights.  You see, that’s when the renowned Jonker Street night market takes place, and the street transforms into a crowd of people and food vendors.  Naturally, with my luck, I ended up overlooking this important attraction entirely by visiting at the wrong point in the week.  The Jonker Street night market is an excellent spot to sample traditional local Nyonya dishes along with innovative new foods.  To get a sense of what’s available, try the food here.  7. Wandering Through Old Chinatown However, the Old Town of Malacca offers much more than merely Jonker Street. Venture in any direction from this point and you'll quickly discover tighter streets, where each home exudes unique charm.  Half Chinatown and half Old Town, this district reveals another aspect of Malacca’s cultural blend.  Most impressively, distanced from the hustle of other areas in Malacca, strolling through this more tranquil section of the city allows you to absorb all the intricacies.  Although many of these historic residences feature weathered exteriors, several are completely deserted.  But isn’t that character, though? In any case, the softer atmosphere here is evident, with individuals simply going about their daily routines and extending a cheerful wave.  Malaysia can be chaotic and noisy at times, making my walks here distinctly memorable.  8. Visiting The Cheng Hoon Teng Temple Walk around the streets of Malacca’s Chinatown, and you’ll spot plenty of temples—no surprise there.  But it’s not just Chinese temples lining the streets. You’ll also find mosques and Hindu temples mixed in, which gives the area this cool, unexpected blend. In Malacca, Cheng Hoon Teng Temple stands out above the rest.  It sits right across from another temple, Xiang Lin Si, but Cheng Hoon Teng is the one with the real history behind it. They built it back in the mid-1600s, which actually makes it the oldest Chinese temple in Malaysia. When you look at all the intricate details, the carvings, and the roof ornaments, it’s wild to think how well everything’s held up after all these years. Cheng Hoon Teng does not belong to just one religion.  Inside, you’ll find people practicing Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism, all under one roof. That kind of mix is rare, and it gives the temple a unique energy you don’t see everywhere. Other Places You Can Add To Your Itinerary In Malacca Although I’ve mentioned the most remarkable and significant activities to engage in Malacca, they aren't the sole options.  Malacca hosts numerous other cultural sites, featuring a variety of museums. However, it also features a playful aspect, ranging from its Upside Down House to the Taming Sari Tower to the Oceanarium.  Generally, you will primarily remain in locations close to Chinatown or Dutch Square. Read Also: Luang Prabang Temple Guide: What Are The Top Buddhist Temples To Visit In Laos? 5 Top Bangkok Attractions to Add to Your Itinerary 5 Best Temples To Visit In Bangkok

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Do The Sand Dunes Come Alive At Kobuk Valley National Park?

BY  Sibashree Sep 11, 2024

Kobuk Valley National Park is surreal! Have you ever thought to meet sand dunes in the Arctic Circle? The unique geology of the park makes it possible. That’s not all! The Great Kobuk sand dunes stand here, along with the remains of the North American continental glaciers.  Three of the sand dunes in this national park are active or alive. The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, Hunt River Dunes, and Little Kobuk Sand Dunes here cover a mesmerizing 20,000 acres of area in the park.   Today, hiking through these dunes is one of the most popular activities in the Kobuk Valley National Park.   While it is visually unusual or unexpected to see sand dunes in an Arctic National Park, you also need to understand that the Arctic region gets very little rainfall every year. So, this is also a desert region.   “Sand dunes in the Arctic landscape are not what you would expect. Since most people associate sand dunes with a hot desert environment, it is a visually unusual thing to see. In fact, what most people don't realize is that the Arctic is also a desert with very low levels of rainfall.”   - Christian, a Kobuk Valley National Park Worker  Having said that, how the sand dunes came to be here, and the experience of exploring them will be a great thing to discuss in this article.   This Is How The Kobuk Valley National Park Became The Land Of Sand Dunes   https://www.instagram.com/p/BWatGdVFuis/ Much of Alaska, including the Kobuk Valley National Park, falls in the Tundra region. Tundra, the coldest of the biomes, gets only around 150 to 250 mm of rainfall and snowfall yearly1. So, the national park has less rainfall than some of the most well-known deserts in the world.   Further, the sand dunes in the Kobuk Valley are as old as the Ice Age. Now, as the mighty glaciers moved forward and made a retreat, the rocks beneath got ground. Now, the blowing wind transported the sand into the empty and ice-free Kobuk Valley. The sand dunes in the park are up to 150 feet high, and they are the biggest, high-altitude, and most importantly, “active sand fields”  in the earth.   In The Land Of The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes  https://www.instagram.com/p/BgmZYDdAA_r/ Are you in the Sahara? No, you are around 35 miles above the Arctic Circle and still find the largest active sand dune field in the world. Today, it is a popular backpacking, hiking, and camping destination in the National Park. You must attend the Northwest Arctic Heritage Center to learn more about the outdoor pursuits in the land of sand dunes.  Let’s quickly look at why the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes is a preferred destination for camping, hiking, and backpacking.  The sand is steady enough for the landing of an aircraft with wheels.  You can put up your tent on any level surface.  Also, you can hike in any direction.  Further, you can board a float plane and reach the Kobuk River. From there, you can take a backpacking tour for around two miles and reach the dunes.  You must visit the Kotzebue Visitor Center if you have plans to take this backpacking journey to and from the Kobuk River.   There is no marked route for hiking.  In summer, the temperature in the sand dunes can reach up to 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Also, fall is the season to see caribou migration here.   However, there’s more to it! Let’s learn about the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes as relics of the Ice Age and how life thrived here.   Great Kobuk Sand Dunes: The Relics Of The Ice Age   https://www.instagram.com/p/BYwfdMYlr-0/ To know about the formation of the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, we must go back to the Ice Age. Around 28000 years ago, glaciers in the mountains formed. I have already discussed how the glaciers ground the rocks and wind deposited them in the Kobuk Valley.   Further, approximately 14000 years ago, the glaciers made a massive retreat. As a result, there were 200,000 acres of sandy land formation on the river banks. Complex holocene activities and geomorphic preservations keep the sand dune field at the Kobuk Valley National Park active or alive. Along with the Kobuk Valley, small lakes in the park have also accumulated sand over thousands of years.   However, most of the landscape today is occupied by the vegetation of the national park, and the sand dune area consists of only 20,000 acres. The vegetation found here consists of the following varieties.  Wild rye  Grasses  Sedges  Kobuk locoweed  Wildflowers blooming occasionally  These species grow on the shifting sand, and they function as stabilizing agents. You can see shrubs, lichens, mosses, and algae following this vegetation. Finally, there are spruce, birch, and aspen trees covering the landscape.    The slopes of the Kobuk Valley sand dunes are the only place where Kobuk locoweeds grow. These plants belong to the pea family, and they are known for their purple flowers. If you want to see these flowers, you must visit the park in late June and July.   The inland dune field of Kobuk Valley National Park is surrounded by boreal forest.   Humans And Wildlife In The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes  https://www.instagram.com/p/Cv0EhpdLsJ5/ It’s amazing to see the Western Arctic Caribou walking through the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes. Fall and spring are the migration seasons for these animals. The north of Brook Range is the caribou herd’s calving ground, and they migrate to and from this place.   As the caribou herds pass through the sand dunes, their footprints remain in the ground for the longest time. According to National Park Service data, around 250,000 caribou pass through this national park annually.   No wonder that the Kobuk Valley National Park is one of the “last great migrations” remaining in the world. The table below gives you a brief idea about the animals and birds in the sand dunes.  Birds Sharp-shinned Hawk Golden Eagle Bald Eagle American Wigeon Northern Pintail Rough-legged Hawk Marsh Hawk Mammals Caribou Wolverine Muskox Snowshoe Hare Moose Gray Wolf Grizzly Bear Beaver Arctic Fox American Pine Marten Amphibians Wood Frog Fish Longnose Sucker Salmon* Northern Pike Alaska Blackfish Alaska Whitefish Humpback Whitefish Alaskan Stickleback Ninespine Stickleback  Human history in the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes is at least 8000 years old. They lived by the Kobuk River and were mainly focused on fishing, hunting, and trapping for survival. It is fascinating to visit the thousand-year-old hunting camps on the edges of the sand dunes.  The golden and shifting Great Kobuk Sand Dunes are located a few miles away from the Kobuk River. Further, the sand dunes soar up to 100 miles in the air.   Kobuk Valley National Park Is Also The Land Of Iñupiaq Subsistence  https://www.instagram.com/p/BWdjyOBl_Lw/ Human life, which started in the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes 8000 years ago, is still thriving with the mantra of subsistence. The Iñupiaq people here use the available natural resources to fulfil their physical needs and safeguard their spiritual and cultural requirements.   For example, they depend on caribou and salmon to feed themselves and their dogs. At the same time, caribou skin hide is extensively used to make parka jackets to combat Arctic winter. They also make mukluks or boots using reindeer skin to walk through the snow.   Further, the local people made baskets using birch and willow. Moreover, in darkness, caribou tallow or seal oil were the only ingredients to light up their stone lamps.   Irrespective of the trade with the coastal communities, the “customary, traditional and non-commercial” use of natural resources is still important in the park.   Iñupiat Ilitqusiat And Respecting The Ecosystem   https://www.instagram.com/p/CzjboNfsc4Y/ Aboriginal people in the Kobuk Valley National Park are committed to passing on their values from generation to generation. The Iñupiat Ilitqusiat value asks them to transfer the knowledge and skill of hunting and everything about life.  In addition, this transfer of knowledge helps to make the most of various seasons and subsistence opportunities. For example, the caribou season comes to this park after the salmon season.   Earlier, Noatak Valley was the destination for these people during the caribou season, and even today, some families move to Noatak Valley. Again, summer camping around the Kobuk River is common for fishing, especially catching salmon and whitefish.   Summer is also the season for harvesting berries and wild greens for the local people.  If you want to learn about the local people and their values, you must be respectful and understand their seasonal activities as a part of their subsistence practices.   Overall, the Kobuk Valley National Park is not just a place to see sand dunes and wildlife. It is a tapestry of human lives depending on nature.   Things To Know Before You Visit The Kobuk Valley National Park   For me, the sand dunes and Iñupiaq subsistence practices are the most fascinating things in the Kobuk Valley National Park. However, keep the following information handy if you are to pay a visit anytime soon.   Mode of Transport: Authorized air taxis from Kotzebue or Bettles  Visitor Center: Northwest Arctic Heritage Center  Entrance Fee: Free  Permits Required:  Commercial Use Authorization or CUA for commercial activities, Research Permits, Filming and Photography Permits  Activities to Do: Boating, fishing, camping and backpacking, hiking, flight-seeing and exploring nearby attractions  Best Time to Visit: June to July   Area: 1,750,000 Acres  Established: 2nd December, 1980  Number of Visitors: 17,616 (2023) (National Park Service Data)  Snowfall, downpours, and extreme weather conditions can occur in any season of the year. So, follow the instructions shared at the visitor center and keep your gear ready for survival!