Do The Sand Dunes Come Alive At Kobuk Valley National Park?

Sep 11, 2024

Last Updated on: Jun 13, 2025

Travel Guides

Kobuk Valley National Park is surreal! Have you ever thought to meet sand dunes in the Arctic Circle? The unique geology of the park makes it possible. That’s not all! The Great Kobuk sand dunes stand here, along with the remains of the North American continental glaciers. 

Three of the sand dunes in this national park are active or alive. The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, Hunt River Dunes, and Little Kobuk Sand Dunes here cover a mesmerizing 20,000 acres of area in the park.  

Today, hiking through these dunes is one of the most popular activities in the Kobuk Valley National Park.  

While it is visually unusual or unexpected to see sand dunes in an Arctic National Park, you also need to understand that the Arctic region gets very little rainfall every year. So, this is also a desert region.  

Sand dunes in the Arctic landscape are not what you would expect. Since most people associate sand dunes with a hot desert environment, it is a visually unusual thing to see. In fact, what most people don’t realize is that the Arctic is also a desert with very low levels of rainfall.”  

– Christian, a Kobuk Valley National Park Worker 

Having said that, how the sand dunes came to be here, and the experience of exploring them will be a great thing to discuss in this article.  

This Is How The Kobuk Valley National Park Became The Land Of Sand Dunes  

Much of Alaska, including the Kobuk Valley National Park, falls in the Tundra region. Tundra, the coldest of the biomes, gets only around 150 to 250 mm of rainfall and snowfall yearly1. So, the national park has less rainfall than some of the most well-known deserts in the world.  

Further, the sand dunes in the Kobuk Valley are as old as the Ice Age. Now, as the mighty glaciers moved forward and made a retreat, the rocks beneath got ground. Now, the blowing wind transported the sand into the empty and ice-free Kobuk Valley. The sand dunes in the park are up to 150 feet high, and they are the biggest, high-altitude, and most importantly, “active sand fields”  in the earth.  

In The Land Of The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes 

Are you in the Sahara? No, you are around 35 miles above the Arctic Circle and still find the largest active sand dune field in the world. Today, it is a popular backpacking, hiking, and camping destination in the National Park. You must attend the Northwest Arctic Heritage Center to learn more about the outdoor pursuits in the land of sand dunes. 

Let’s quickly look at why the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes is a preferred destination for camping, hiking, and backpacking. 

  • The sand is steady enough for the landing of an aircraft with wheels. 
  • You can put up your tent on any level surface. 
  • Also, you can hike in any direction. 
  • Further, you can board a float plane and reach the Kobuk River. From there, you can take a backpacking tour for around two miles and reach the dunes. 
  • You must visit the Kotzebue Visitor Center if you have plans to take this backpacking journey to and from the Kobuk River.  
  • There is no marked route for hiking. 
  • In summer, the temperature in the sand dunes can reach up to 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Also, fall is the season to see caribou migration here.  

However, there’s more to it! Let’s learn about the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes as relics of the Ice Age and how life thrived here.  

Great Kobuk Sand Dunes: The Relics Of The Ice Age  

To know about the formation of the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, we must go back to the Ice Age. Around 28000 years ago, glaciers in the mountains formed. I have already discussed how the glaciers ground the rocks and wind deposited them in the Kobuk Valley.  

Further, approximately 14000 years ago, the glaciers made a massive retreat. As a result, there were 200,000 acres of sandy land formation on the river banks. Complex holocene activities and geomorphic preservations keep the sand dune field at the Kobuk Valley National Park active or alive. Along with the Kobuk Valley, small lakes in the park have also accumulated sand over thousands of years.  

However, most of the landscape today is occupied by the vegetation of the national park, and the sand dune area consists of only 20,000 acres. The vegetation found here consists of the following varieties. 

  • Wild rye 
  • Grasses 
  • Sedges 
  • Kobuk locoweed 
  • Wildflowers blooming occasionally 

These species grow on the shifting sand, and they function as stabilizing agents. You can see shrubs, lichens, mosses, and algae following this vegetation. Finally, there are spruce, birch, and aspen trees covering the landscape.   

The slopes of the Kobuk Valley sand dunes are the only place where Kobuk locoweeds grow. These plants belong to the pea family, and they are known for their purple flowers. If you want to see these flowers, you must visit the park in late June and July.  

The inland dune field of Kobuk Valley National Park is surrounded by boreal forest.  

Humans And Wildlife In The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes 

It’s amazing to see the Western Arctic Caribou walking through the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes. Fall and spring are the migration seasons for these animals. The north of Brook Range is the caribou herd’s calving ground, and they migrate to and from this place.  

As the caribou herds pass through the sand dunes, their footprints remain in the ground for the longest time. According to National Park Service data, around 250,000 caribou pass through this national park annually.  

No wonder that the Kobuk Valley National Park is one of the “last great migrations” remaining in the world. The table below gives you a brief idea about the animals and birds in the sand dunes. 

Birds Sharp-shinned Hawk 
Golden Eagle 
Bald Eagle 
American Wigeon 
Northern Pintail 
Rough-legged Hawk 
Marsh Hawk 
Mammals Caribou 
Wolverine 
Muskox 
Snowshoe Hare 
Moose 
Gray Wolf 
Grizzly Bear 
Beaver 
Arctic Fox 
American Pine Marten 
Amphibians Wood Frog 
Fish Longnose Sucker 
Salmon* 
Northern Pike 
Alaska Blackfish 
Alaska Whitefish 
Humpback Whitefish 
Alaskan Stickleback 
Ninespine Stickleback 

Human history in the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes is at least 8000 years old. They lived by the Kobuk River and were mainly focused on fishing, hunting, and trapping for survival. It is fascinating to visit the thousand-year-old hunting camps on the edges of the sand dunes. 

The golden and shifting Great Kobuk Sand Dunes are located a few miles away from the Kobuk River. Further, the sand dunes soar up to 100 miles in the air.  

Kobuk Valley National Park Is Also The Land Of Iñupiaq Subsistence 

Human life, which started in the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes 8000 years ago, is still thriving with the mantra of subsistence. The Iñupiaq people here use the available natural resources to fulfil their physical needs and safeguard their spiritual and cultural requirements.  

For example, they depend on caribou and salmon to feed themselves and their dogs. At the same time, caribou skin hide is extensively used to make parka jackets to combat Arctic winter. They also make mukluks or boots using reindeer skin to walk through the snow.  

Further, the local people made baskets using birch and willow. Moreover, in darkness, caribou tallow or seal oil were the only ingredients to light up their stone lamps.  

Irrespective of the trade with the coastal communities, the “customary, traditional and non-commercial” use of natural resources is still important in the park.  

Iñupiat Ilitqusiat And Respecting The Ecosystem  

Aboriginal people in the Kobuk Valley National Park are committed to passing on their values from generation to generation. The Iñupiat Ilitqusiat value asks them to transfer the knowledge and skill of hunting and everything about life

In addition, this transfer of knowledge helps to make the most of various seasons and subsistence opportunities. For example, the caribou season comes to this park after the salmon season.  

Earlier, Noatak Valley was the destination for these people during the caribou season, and even today, some families move to Noatak Valley. Again, summer camping around the Kobuk River is common for fishing, especially catching salmon and whitefish.  

Summer is also the season for harvesting berries and wild greens for the local people. 

If you want to learn about the local people and their values, you must be respectful and understand their seasonal activities as a part of their subsistence practices.  

Overall, the Kobuk Valley National Park is not just a place to see sand dunes and wildlife. It is a tapestry of human lives depending on nature.  

Things To Know Before You Visit The Kobuk Valley National Park  

For me, the sand dunes and Iñupiaq subsistence practices are the most fascinating things in the Kobuk Valley National Park. However, keep the following information handy if you are to pay a visit anytime soon.  

  • Mode of Transport: Authorized air taxis from Kotzebue or Bettles 
  • Visitor Center: Northwest Arctic Heritage Center 
  • Entrance Fee: Free 
  • Permits Required:  Commercial Use Authorization or CUA for commercial activities, Research Permits, Filming and Photography Permits 
  • Activities to Do: Boating, fishing, camping and backpacking, hiking, flight-seeing and exploring nearby attractions 
  • Best Time to Visit: June to July  
  • Area: 1,750,000 Acres 
  • Established: 2nd December, 1980 
  • Number of Visitors: 17,616 (2023) (National Park Service Data) 

Snowfall, downpours, and extreme weather conditions can occur in any season of the year. So, follow the instructions shared at the visitor center and keep your gear ready for survival!  

Share on Social Media

Meet Sibashree Bhattacharya, a travel enthusiast who has a decade-long experience in transcending virtual barriers with her words! Her deep love for travel is apparent from her travel escapades to the mountain, often taking her readers on a journey, her words acting as Portkey! Fun fact: Sibashree loves to dive deep into the history of the places she is about to visit, making her travels even more wholesome. If you were wondering how her articles are not short of time travel, this answers it!

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

title-img Related

READ MORE things to do in Richmond Indiana

Unique Things To Do In Richmond Indiana: Travel Like A Local | An Indiana Travel Guide

BY  Sibashree Jan 10, 2025

Richmond, Indiana, was under the spotlight in early 2024, with people rushing to the place to experience the full eclipse. On 8th April 2024, the full solar eclipse was the first visible one (in the contiguous USA) after the full solar eclipse in 2017. (The USA will see the next solar eclipse in 2044.) Indiana, as one of the prime destinations to see the solar eclipse, capitalized on this tourism opportunity. With infrastructure development, food trucks, camping, and other activities, Indiana garnered a significant economic boost.  The overall tourism spending during this eclipse period was  $189 million, with the recreation and entertainment sections shouldering the highest percentage share (Source: Visit Indiana). Furthermore, the Meltdown Winter Ice Festival has been a great tourism event in Indiana since 2013.  The sudden boost in tourism here is great! However, as travelers and researchers, we know that Richmond, Indiana, has always attracted art and cultural enthusiasts. The art scene here is vibrant with museums, and even the historic sites here evoke great interest.  So, what are the most unique things to do in Richmond Indiana? Let’s explore!  Unique Things To Do In Richmond Indiana | Places Of Attractions You Must Not Miss  It’s a tough ask to enlist all the unique things to do in Richmond Indiana, in one guide. Hopefully, we will do another one of the things we are missing here. Nevertheless, today, I see a lot of focus on food when it comes to Richmond or Wayne County, Indiana.  I was just checking out socials and I found that the pork tenderloins and BBQs are just leaving everyone behind. And there is, of course, a celebration of Jazz roots and culture in the city. So, naturally, the Tour and Travel list of the unique things to do in Richmond Indiana has the Walk Of Fame.  We have also included a small section discussing the food here. So, what more awaits you here? Let’s check it out! 1. A Visit To The Richmond Art Museum Location: 350 Hub Etchison Parkway, Richmond Contact Number: 765-966-0256 Hours Open: Tuesday to Saturday (10 AM to 5 PM) If you want to see some brilliant examples of American impressionist artwork, the Richmond Art Museum will be your go-to destination. It also exhibits the works of the Early Indiana artists and women artists. William Merritt Chase, Guy Wiggins, and Childe Hassam are some of the American impressionists whose works are showcased in this museum.   2. Taking The Walk Of Fame Gennett Records in Richmond, Indiana, had a vital role to play in the foundation of Blues and Jazz in the city. Names like Jelly Roll Morton and Louis Armstrong have been recorded there.  Gennett Records was out of business in the 1940s. However, the city still pays tribute to this musical hotspot. You must take the Walk of Fame along South First Street as a connoisseur or a music lover. The plaques on the route will remind you of the musical geniuses in jazz, blues, and country music genres.  3. Plan A Day At Wayne County Historical Museum https://www.instagram.com/p/DAtkqVdJFUd/ Address: 1150 N A Street, Richmond Contact Number: 1 765-962-5756 Hours of Operation: 9:30 AM to 4 PM (Tuesday-Friday), Saturday - 12 PM to 4 PM, Monday and Sunday Closed Entry Fee: Free for Members and Children below 5 Years, $8 for Adults, $5 for Students from 6-17 Years, Seniors, Veterans, & Active Military $6.00 The Wayne County Historical Museum is a tapestry of human lives from the past. A 3000-year-old mummy resting in a painted coffin is the highlight of the collections here.  Another popular exhibit is the 1880 dollhouse that belonged to Caroline R. Jones, when she was 10 years old.  4. Soak In The Vibrant Art Scenario Of The City https://www.instagram.com/p/C-IaH92CTt7/ Along with the prominent performing art centers like The Richmond Symphony Orchestra and Richmond Civic Theatre, Richmond has many visual art trails.  After visiting the Richmond Art Museum, you can take a drive along the Mural Trail. Along the trail, you will discover more than 80 painted murals. These murals are the depiction of the art, culture and history of the city.  No wonder the Paint Quality Institute conferred the honor of America’s Prettiest Painted Places” to Richmond Art Trail in 2013.  Overbeck Art Pottery is another destination if you want to soak in the arty vibe of the city. Located in Cambridge City, which is again at the heart of the Antique Alley, it was started by four sisters in 1911.  Here, you will find painted porcelain vases, utensils, and figurines. You will also come across Art Deco and Art Nouveau styles of work.  5. Plan A Visit To The Antique Alley If you have an eye for everything antique and you truly want a meaningful experience in Richmond, Antique Alley is where you need to be.  The historic Cambridge City is at the heart of the Antique Alley. Here, the antique shops, malls, and dealers await you with the best antique sea glass, glassware, pottery, books, furniture, and whatnot! Larry's Antiques is one of the many antique mines in the Antique Alley of Indiana. It is located at 201 SW G Street, and you can reach out at +1 765-966-9010.  6. Explore The Joseph Moore Museum of Natural History  https://www.instagram.com/p/DDIr8S_RX3u/?img_index=5 Address: 801 W Nat'l Rd, Richmond Contact Number: +1 765-983-1303 Hours Open: 10 AM to 5 PM (Monday Closed) Entry Fee: Free The Joseph Moore Museum is a wonderland for people of all ages. Its collections are vast, covering areas of science like anthropology, mammalogy, ornithology, vertebrate paleontology, etc.  However, if you are adventurous enough, the collection of live reptiles here will be your favorite. Here, you will find reptiles of 684 species.  Recently, Zilla, the new green iguana, has been everyone's favorite at the museum.  7. Spend Your Day At Hayes Arboretum https://www.instagram.com/p/Cs_THZRO91Z/ Address: 801 Elks Road, Richmond Contact Number: +1 765-962-3745 Entry Fee: Free Hours Open: 9 AM to 5 PM (Tuesday to Saturday)  If you want to spend some time in nature and enjoy the company of plants, a visit to the Hayes Arboretum will be one of the best things to do in Richmond Indiana.  With an area of 466 acres, Hayes Arboretum is a natural heritage site with beech and maple trees, meadows, streams, woodlands, and native woody trees.  Exploring The Food Scene | Unique Things To Do In Richmond Indiana Though not as famous as Kansas City or Texas, Indiana has some brilliant BBQ joints. Here, you will find delicious southern-style BBQ dishes and chicken fry.  Wings and Rings at 500 Commerce Road is one of the most popular places to try BBQ in Richmond. You can contact them at (765) 756-5615 and must try the chicken wings there.  Further, as the melting pot of various cultures, Richmond, Indiana, will allow you to taste the best Mexican food and Italian delicacies. If you want to try Italian food in Richmond, Carlos Cuisine Family Restaurant at 1310 NW 5th Street will be your go-to destination. To reserve a table, call them at (765) 373-3746. It also serves delicious Mexican cuisine.  Also, the city believes in the philosophy of farm-to-table freshness. So, the dishes you eat here are a wonderful fusion of local ingredients and international flavors.  Willing To Try Unique Things To Do In Richmond Indiana? Know These Things Before Packing Your Bags Richmond, Indiana, is well connected to the other states of the USA and other parts of the world thanks to the Indianapolis International Airport. The Indianapolis International Airport Authority has its own transportation and car rental service.  Here, the taxi service is the cheapest option with the fare starting from $15.  Further, April to June is the best time to visit Richmond despite the city being a year-round attraction.  For example, during the fall season, you will find the warmest shades of orange and red in nature. In addition, in winter, the Christmas and New Year festivities attract many tourists to this part of the world.  Also read Ultimate Guide to Your Next Family Vacation in Israel. Boat Charter Miami: Essential Tips for a Great Experience. You Cannot Miss These Things To Do In Wilmington, NC (With Tour And Travel Tips And Tricks)

READ MORE Traveling Alone

Solo Globetrotter’s Guide: Must-Have To-Do’s For Traveling Alone

BY  Abdul Aziz Jul 28, 2023

Traveling alone can be a liberating and transformative experience. It allows you to explore the world on your terms, embrace new cultures, and discover your inner self. However, some essential preparations are necessary to make the most of your solo adventure. In this article, we will present some crucial tips for solo globetrotters to ensure a safe, enjoyable, and enriching journey. So, let's begin! Relax With A Spa Day Or Wellness Indulge in the ultimate self-care by treating yourself to a blissful spa day. Unwind with rejuvenating massages, facials, and pampering treatments that rejuvenate both body and mind. Embrace wellness activities like yoga or meditation to find inner peace and harmony during your solo journey. Take a moment to cherish the serenity of your surroundings, and don't forget to bring along your favorite self-pleasure devices like real whizzinator XXX to enhance the relaxation experience. It's the perfect way to recharge and nurture yourself while creating lasting memories of tranquility. Attend A Live Music Performance Or Theater Show Immerse yourself in the vibrant local culture by attending a live music performance or captivating theater show. Whether it's a lively concert or an intimate theater production, the energy and creativity of the performers will leave you enthralled. As you enjoy the artistic expressions, you'll also have the chance to connect with other attendees, fostering new friendships and shared experiences. Embrace the magic of the moment, relishing the independence of solo travel while being part of a more significant communal celebration of the arts. Attend Cultural Events Or Festivals Take part in cultural events and gatherings to get to know the soul of the place. Get involved in their cultural activities and celebrations that show who they are. Talk to the friendly people who live there. They are often eager to tell tourists about their culture and traditions. These events give you a great chance to learn about the local way of life, making your trip more than just a viewing tour and a deep cultural exchange that opens your mind. Wander Through Local Markets And Shops Discover the authentic essence of the place by meandering through bustling local markets and charming shops. Stroll along colorful stalls, sampling exotic fruits, spices, and regional delicacies. Engage in friendly haggling with vendors to find unique souvenirs and handicrafts with special memories of your solo adventure. The immersive experience of exploring these markets allows you to connect with the daily life of the locals, learning about their customs and traditions while finding joy in the simple pleasure of discovering hidden gems. Take A Scenic Hike Or Nature Walk Escape the hustle and bustle of city life and venture into the tranquil beauty of nature. Embark on a scenic hike or leisurely nature walk, immersing yourself in the breathtaking landscapes, diverse flora, and fauna. The peacefulness of nature is perfect for self-reflection and meditation, letting you feel like you are one with your surroundings. On a soul-enriching solo trip, take pictures of the beautiful views, enjoy the quiet, and let the soothing sounds of nature be your music. Share Your Travel Plan With Your Trusted Family    Share your travel plan with your trusted family. It is one of the things that you must do. Provide all the travel plan details to your family members and give them copies of essentials like ID and other important papers required for your tour and travel. It ensures taking safety measures on your side.  If you find yourself stuck in any problem, your family members can rescue you. If you find yourself in serious problems, then your family members can act to your rescue.  They can do it best only if you share your travel's nitty gritty with them. It is one of the most important requirements to put you in a safe place.  Avoid Reckless Behavior And Use Common Sense You are going alone in different places. It means you will be encountering different cultures. You can learn from different cultures, transforming you as an individual. But working on your behavioral aspects as it is can ensure your safe travel there.  If your behavior is good, you can easily get help and cooperation from a diverse group of local people. Research on the behavioral traits and local culture of that particular place. It can help you adjust yourself to the new settings easily.  Do Your Safety Research Also, conduct your research on your safety in the new place. It is a must in the new place.  While traveling in a group or in sol, you must have all the safety measures depending on the location you visit. Research the safety measures properly, and you will easily prepare a list of things you do not have.   Add them this time. You might have needed a few safety measures in your previous travel. So get them while you are moving around this time. Also, procure adequate knowledge of the organizations that govern the place. Look at their safety guidelines; you can manage your solo tours less easily.  Get Travel Insurance   If you are a regular traveler, then you must have travel insurance. It has many benefits, so travelers buy such insurance to safeguard themselves from problems. Travel insurance aims to save your travel costs if you have a delay in travel or damage to your luggage.  If you face any severe accident, travel insurance can protect you by compensating against the expensive bills and treatment costs. Life is brimmed with uncertainties, so you must have insurance against any accidents and their consequences.   While selecting travel insurance, look for the benefits they offer against the insurance coverage. Try to find out the best only then select the ones that fulfill your needs best. It is one of the ways to be on the safer side. Last Words Solo travel is a remarkable way to learn about the world and yourself. With these must-do activities, your solo expedition is bound to be an extraordinary and transformative one. So, on your next globetrotting adventure, embrace the joy of solo travel and create memories that will stay with you forever. Read Also: 5 Reasons To Consider Solo Travel A Traveler’s Guide To Lutsen The Best Tips To Travel Around The World

READ MORE things to do in rome

Roman Revelations: Unforgettable Things to Do in Rome, The Heart of Italy!

BY  Abdul Aziz Dec 27, 2023

Rome is unlike any other place. Here are some of the best things to do in Rome, as recommended by locals, whether this is your first or 20th visit. This is a city where narrow streets lead to stunning temples, the mound serves pasta, and there are endless opportunities to people-watch. There's a reason it's one of the most well-known cities in the world, but you can only truly appreciate its allure if you visit. Things To Do In Rome It's important to have a plan because Rome is much larger than you may have imagined. Archaeological finds, famous art collections, and an abundance of culture can all be found here, making you want to visit again and again. But don't worry, you still have plenty of time to enjoy an aperitif outside in the warm sunshine and digest your lunchtime pasta. Vatican Museums And Sistine Chapel Across 54 galleries, courtyards, and hallways, the Vatican Museums, established by Pope Julius II in the sixteenth century, are home to one of the greatest and most significant art collections in the world. The Sistine Chapel is home to thousands of prehistoric sculptures, Raphael pieces, and, of course, Michelangelo's frescoes. Get tickets to explore the Vatican Gardens, which are home to fountains, plants, and a recreation of the Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto, as well as the Vatican Necropolis, which is beneath St. Peter's Basilica, if you have the time and can arrange well in advance. The Colosseum The Colosseum is a must-see when visiting Rome, of course. Rome's crown jewel is this magnificent building—you know, the kind of thing you see on postcards—and it's even more amazing in person than you could have imagined. It is the world's largest amphitheater, with a capacity of 80,000 people, and was constructed between 72 and 80 AD. This used to be much more peaceful, with local Romans coming to watch animal hunts or bloody gladiator fights. Because of the sometimes insane lines, we advise purchasing tickets in advance. However, the 360-degree view over the theater on the fifth level makes it well worth the climb. Castel Sant’Angelo Hadrian, the Roman Emperor, constructed the striking cylindrical fortification known as Castel Sant'Angelo, or "The Castle of Angels," on the banks of the Tiber River in the second century AD. The popes used it as a castle and fortress after it was first inaugurated as a mausoleum for Hadrian and his family. It even has a hidden escape route connecting the building to Vatican City. These days, it's a museum featuring rooms decorated with frescoes, a display of medieval weapons, and expansive views of Rome and the neighboring St. Peter's Basilica. Inside is a small cafe where you can have a drink or some snacks while taking in views of the Vatican. The Pantheon One of the best-preserved ancient structures is the Pantheon, which was constructed by Emperor Hadrian in 125 AD. With a diameter of 142 feet, its dome is the biggest in the entire globe. This is a must-see in Rome, and if you're visiting the city over Pentecost weekend, you're in for a treat. This tops every tourist's list of things to do in Rome. To commemorate the occasion, tons of rose petals are dropped from the oculus during Sunday Mass. It's quite a sight. The Pantheon is free to enter as of the time of publishing (May 2023), but there are plans to charge visitors an admission fee of €5. Galleria Borghese Originally built in the sixteenth century, Cardinal Scipione Borghese showcased his extensive art collection under its roof. It is still regarded as one of Rome's top museums. Expect to find extraordinary creations within, as the Cardinal was an ardent art collector who was also a big fan of Caravaggio's works and an early patron of Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Highlights of the museum include Caravaggio's Boy with a Basket of Fruit, Canova's Paolina Bonaparte, and Bernini's Apollo and Daphne. Take a stroll through the park after your visit to the "pleasure palace," which was once a suburban villa submerged in the vast gardens of Villa Borghese. Domus Aurea The opulent Domus Aurea (Golden House) of Emperor Nero is a rare window into Rome's underground world and is regarded as one of the most magnificent homes of its era. It was constructed as an opulent amusement venue close to the Colosseum between 64 and 68 AD, covering numerous historic hills in Rome. It was then devastated by the city's destructive fire in 64 AD. Every Friday, Saturday, and Sunday, guests can participate in guided tours. A virtual reality tour is also available, which helps recreate the villa's former splendor. Read Also: Eternal Elegance: A Guide To The Best Hotels In Rome Capitoline Museums The Capitoline Museums are housed in three buildings on the trapezoidal Piazza del Campidoglio, which Michelangelo created in the sixteenth century. Known as the world's first public museums, they hold Renaissance marble statues and Roman bronzes, including the Capitoline Wolf, a symbol of Rome's founding, and the Equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius. An underground tunnel through the Galleria Lapidaria connects the two buildings of the museum. Visitors can also enjoy a superb view of the Roman Forum. Make time to spend a few hours perusing the collection, and don't forget to pay a visit to Piazzale Caffarelli's hidden garden, which is tucked away right behind the square. Gianicolo Rome sometimes referred to as the "city of seven hills," is renowned for its picturesque viewpoints and abundance of terraces that provide breathtaking views of the cityscape. Gianicolo, the highest point in Rome with a panoramic view over the Eternal City, is worth the trek even though it isn't technically one of the fabled hills. It is situated above the Trastevere neighborhood. Nearby is the magnificent Fontana dell'Acqua Paola, which was featured in La Grande Bellezza's opening scene. Its majesty will astound you. Testaccio Market The Testaccio neighborhood is the epicenter of Rome's culinary traditions, making it a must-visit destination for foodies and daring diners alike. The region was once home to the biggest slaughterhouse in Europe, and workers were typically compensated with leftover animal parts, known as the “quinto quarto,” or fifth quarter. The Testaccio Market, a bright and modern structure full of enticing stalls, serves everything from freshly made pasta and craft beers to tripe stews and artichoke sandwiches. It is one of the best things to do in Rome while enjoying the varied cuisine and delicious street food. Wrapping Up Rome, with its two millennia of architecture, art, and culture, is an outdoor museum and one of the most visited cities in the world for good reason. You can lose hours discovering historical marvels, traveling between sites, or searching for the best gelato, but insiders use guided tours and skip-the-line entrance tickets to beat the crowd. Hop-on, hop-off tours let travelers quickly check off items on their lists of things to do, but group excursions to the Vatican Museums, Roman Forum, and Colosseum provide a deeper experience. If you have thoughts to share or questions to ask about things to do in Rome, please comment below. We would love to hear from you! Read Also: The Italian Train Group FS Will Launch A New “Night Train Like Hotel”: Rome To Dolomites Tips For Planning The Perfect Getaway In A Rental Villa In Italy How Much Time To Spend In Italy