Knuckles Mountain Range Sri Lanka: A Guide To The Wildest Central Highlands Of Sri Lanka

BY  Sibashree Sep 7, 2026

I visited the Gal Oya National Park in 2022, and after a few months of being back in my country, I got a call from my friend in Sri Lanka.  It was December, and he shared the news published on the Daily Mirror Online, which mentioned the threats of illegal mining to the flora and fauna of the national park.  I felt numb, as this was not the Gal Oya National Park I visited. Even if Sri Lanka has icons such as the Yala National Park, for me Gal Oya offered the most remarkable encounters with elephants.  For the first time, I did a safari from a boat, drifting quietly across open water while a herd of elephants waded between islands ahead of us. There was no engine noise to spook them, no queue of vehicles, just the reservoir, the herd, and the sound of water. It felt more like a secret that Sri Lanka preserves so dearly, not a national park.  Gal Oya National Park At A Glance DetailInformationLocationAmpara District, Eastern Province, Sri LankaEstablished1954AreaApproximately 25,900 HectaresCentrepieceSenanayake Samudraya, the Largest Reservoir in Sri LankaKnown forBoat Safaris and Elephants Swimming between IslandsWildlife32 Recorded Mammal Species, including Elephants, Leopards, and Sloth Bears150+ Bird SpeciesBest time to visitDry Season, Roughly May to SeptemberDistance from ColomboAround 300 KM,  Roughly 6 Hours by Road A Reservoir-Built Park With A History Tied To Irrigation The history of the Gal Oya National Park goes back to 1954. It was built to protect the Senanayake Samudraya. This newly constructed reservoir, the largest in Sri Lanka, was part of a major post-independence irrigation scheme in the dry zone of Sri Lanka.  The scale of the reservoir made my boat ride in the park all the more fascinating. It is just open water with forests around.  So, the jeeps on the dusty tracks are replaced by the boats on the serene water.  The landscape around the reservoir was more varied than I expected from a dry-zone park. Forested Hills! Savannah Grassland! Also, there were rocky outcrops that locals call turtleback formations.  Moreover, low grasslands all sit within the park's boundaries, alongside historical sites like the Digha Vapi Dagoba and the Henebedde cave. Wildlife And The Swimming Elephants The most fascinating experience in Gal Oya was watching wild elephants swimming between the reservoir’s islands.  They were moving in search of fresh grazing as water levels dropped in the dry season.  Beyond elephants, the park has around 32 mammal species, including: Leopards Sloth Bears Grey Langurs Endemic Toque Macaque. Also, the park, though not as fascinating as Bundala, has more than 150 species of birds. I could spot the following ones. Painted Storks Ospreys Endemics like the red-faced Malkoha and Sri Lanka spurfowl. I could also spot crocodiles and water monitors along the reservoir's edges. How To Reach Gal Oya National Park? You can take a drive from Colombo to reach Gal Oya National Park via Ampara. The distance is around 300 km, and the journey takes around 6 hours by road.  However, staying in Ampara Town as the base or finding a lodge close to the park’s boat safari jetty is a more reasonable move.  Also, Gal Oya National Park is a natural inland detour from the east-coast surf town, Arugam Bay, roughly 2 to 2.5 hours away. Again, if you are traveling from Kandy, it is 4-5 hours by road via Mahiyangana. So, Gal Oya is a workable stop on a route heading toward the east coast. Gal Oya Entrance And Boat Safari Costs (2026) On top of the park entrance fee, the boat safari itself is typically arranged and priced separately, usually through your lodge or a licensed operator. Remember that access to the reservoir's boats isn't managed the same way jeep permits are at other parks. Also, the boat safari costs around LKR 6000 to LKR 8000.  CategoryApproximate Cost (2026)Foreign Adult (12+)USD 12Foreign Child (6–12 Years)USD 6Foreign Children under 6 Years FreeSAARC NationalsUSD 10 for AdultsUSD 5 for Children between 6 and 12 YearsFree for Children below 6 YearsLocals Adults: LKR 60Children from 6 to 12 Years: LKR 30Children below 6 Years: FreeStudents: LKR 20Boat SafariLKR 6000-8000 A One-Day Gal Oya Itinerary A day at Gal Oya has a different rhythm from most Sri Lankan national parks because here the safari is on a boat and not a jeep.  Here is a structure that works well if you're based near Ampara or the park's eastern lodges. TimeActivity5:30 - 6:30 AMEarly transfer to the boat jetty on Senanayake Samudraya6:30 - 9:30 AMMorning boat safari.It is the best window for elephant sightings near the shoreline. 9:30 - 10:30 AMReturn to lodge for breakfast.10:30 AM - 12:30 PMOptional short trek or visit to the Henebedde cave/Digha Vapi Dagoba area.12:30 - 2:30 PMLunch and rest during the hottest part of the day.4:00 - 6:30 PMEvening boat safari for a second wildlife window and sunset over the reservoir. What Are The Practical Tips For Visiting The Gal Oya National Park?  Boats and slots are more limited than jeep availability at bigger parks. Bring a hat, sunscreen, and a light waterproof layer. Pack a zoom lens or good binoculars as elephant sightings are often across open water rather than at close range on a jeep track. Stay two nights if you can, so you get both a morning and an evening boat safari rather than just one. Combine with Arugam Bay or Ampara for a fuller east-coast itinerary. What Is The Best Time To Visit Gal Oya National Park? May to September, or the dry season, is the best time to visit Gal Oya National Park.  In the dry season, the water level of the reservoir drops. So, all the animals, especially the elephants, concentrate near the remaining islands and water.  Thus, the sight of swimming elephants is more common in this national park than anywhere else in Sri Lanka.  This season is also ideal for birdwatching in Sri Lanka, as migratory and resident species settle around the shrinking waterline.

BY  Sibashree Mar 16, 2026

The National Zoological Gardens of Sri Lanka, or Dehiwala Zoo, is one of the first zoos in Asia.  So, if you have enjoyed the Kaudulla National Park safari, you will also love a visit to the Dehiwala Zoo.  This zoo has an area of 26 acres, and it is home to more than 2000 animals. Furthermore, you will find fountains, orchids, and peaceful lakes here. Moreover, it offers a unique Night Safari experience. On this night safari, you can spot the mysterious nocturnal animals.  In addition, you can join the educational workshops here to learn about wildlife conservation.  So, come and have a thrilling wildlife experience at Dehiwala Zoo. However, before I talk about its location, how to travel, things to do, and the best time to travel, here is a quick look at the essential details.  Dehiwala Zoo In Colombo: Quick Info  Address120 Galvihara Road, Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia, Sri LankaTimings8:30 AM to 6 PMTicket- LKR 100 for Local Adults- LKR 2,500 for ForeignersFacilities- Souvenir Shops- Restaurants- Boat Rides- Icecream Stalls- Zoo Aquarium- Butterfly Garden Pony Rides- Elephant Rides- Flowers- Fountains How To Reach Dehiwala Zoo?  Dehiwala Zoo is well accessible by air, train, bus, taxi, and ride-hailing apps. While the easiest option is to take a taxi or private car, traveling by bus is the cheapest way.  1. By Air Dehiwala Zoo is just 40 km away from the Bandaranaike International Airport.  Furthermore, you will easily get a ride-hailing service or a taxi to reach the Dehiwala Zoo within 45 minutes.  2. By Train The Dehiwala Railway Station is the closest to the zoo. So, if you are traveling from the north, you have to take a train from Colombo Fort Station to Dehiwala Railway Station.  Also, if you are traveling from the south, you can stop at Mount Lavinia Railway Station. The beautiful Mount Lavinia Beach is just 1.4 km away from the railway station.  Tuk-tuks are available from both these railway stations, and the train ticket price will be between 40 and 100 LKR.  3. By Taxis Or Ride-Hailing Apps The easiest way to reach Dehiwala Zoo is to take a ride-hailing service or a taxi. Uber and PickMe are the main ride-hailing services here.  You can book vans, tuk-tuks, or cabs using these apps.  Furthermore, the travel cost in this way is between 1700 and 2400 LKR.  4. By Bus  You will get buses to Dehiwala Zoo throughout the day. You can take bus 176, 100, and 101.  Furthermore, the ticket prices are between 30 and 50 LKR.  What Are The Best Things To Do At Dehiwala Zoo?  From watching the elephant performance to taking a ride in the zoo train, the activities in the zoo are diverse and ideal for tourists of all age groups.  However, for me, the most delightful part was watching the elephants in action. Here is more about the things to do at Dehiwala Zoo.  1. Watching The Animal Shows  Located on the Anagarika Dharmapala Mawatha, Dehiwala Zoo has monkeys, animals, fish, birds, reptiles, and other animals.  The zoo further hosts animal shows.  So, you will love seeing an elephant dancing or a seal playing with a ball.  2. A Walk Through The Zoo The zoological garden has a reptile house, aviary, aquarium, and butterfly garden. So, you can take a walk through the garden.  The zoological garden area also has a dedicated botanical garden.  However, if you don’t want to walk much, you can take a ride on the zoo train.  3. Learn About The Flora And Fauna Present Here  If you want to know about the animals and plants here, you have to take a guided tour. Furthermore, you can learn about the flora and fauna and the rich history of the zoo from the Educational Center.  Moreover, the zoological garden has an animal hospital. You will find veterinary doctors and caregivers at work there.  4. Take A Part In The Night Safari  The zoo has a dedicated Leopard Trail for night safaris. You can watch the nocturnal animals in action during the safari.  Furthermore, you can arrange a picnic or explore the local Dehiwala Market. Furthermore, if you want a spiritual experience, visit the Bellanwila Rajamaha Viharaya.  If you want to explore more Buddhist places of importance in Sri Lanka, you can visit the Ritigala Forest Monastery and Sigiriya Rock.  What is the Best Time to Visit Dehiwala Zoo In Sri Lanka? December to April is the best time to visit Dehiwala Zoo. This is the dry season and hence is ideal for outdoor exploration and wildlife spotting.  However, it is also the peak season. So, plan a visit early in the day and avoid weekends.  Furthermore, May to November is the wet season in the garden, and the zoo looks lush and green. However, the animals can be less active in these months.  Things To Keep In Mind For Visiting The Dehiwala Zoo In Sri Lanka Irrespective of the season of your visit, you have to keep the following things in mind.  You have to wear comfortable footwear with a good grip as you have to walk a lot through the zoo.  Furthermore, you have to be respectful to the animals and follow the rules of the zoo. Is A Trip To Dehiwala Zoo Worth The Experience?  Yes, Dehiwala Zoo is a place worth visiting because you don’t just spot animals here, but learn about their livelihood and nature.  Furthermore, this is one of the oldest zoos in Asia and was built in 1936.  However, the zoo authority must be more focused on the preservation of the zoo, as the last time I visited, certain things drew my attention.  Seeing the animals here, the night safari, and the performances by animals have become more like a curriculum, and they show a lack of infrastructure.  So, you may feel sometimes disappointed if you are planning to visit the zoo to see a performance of the animals.  Still, many people visit this zoo because of its heritage. 

BY  Sibashree Aug 27, 2026

My shoes were soaked when I reached the viewing platform at Dunhinda Falls.   The trail was dry, but the fine spray drifting off the waterfall made my clothes and shoes wet.   So, no wonder the waterfall got its name from this mist.   Also, enjoying a view of this waterfall will be more delightful with the construction of the viewing center at Dunhinda Falls getting started.   This platform will be a replacement for the 50-year-old existing viewing platform, which has been in a deteriorated condition for a long time.   So, as Dunhinda Falls gets decked out with a new platform, I want to share my story and practical details about a visit to it.   What Is The Meaning Of Dunhinda?   The name Dunhinda comes from Sinhala words for mist or smoke. So, the name is a direct reference to the spray that surrounds the base of the falls.  Dunhinda also has another name, “Bridal Falls.” This name comes from the shape of the cascading water, which looks similar to a bridal veil.   The local traditions suggest that the indigenous Veddha people once inhabited the area.   There is also a story about a giant fern becoming lodged at the top of the falls during the reign of King Rajasinghe, damming the water and flooding Badulla town.  Then, a local hero cleared it to protect the town.   Where Is Dunhinda Falls? Dunhinda Falls is at a distance of around 5 Km from Badulla town in the lower central hills of Sri Lanka's Uva Province.  Badulu Oya, running through Badulla itself, has formed this beautiful waterfall. The height of the waterfall is around 64 meters.   Despite not being among the tallest waterfalls in the country, it is one of the most beautiful in the country.   It stands out with its sheer volume and the dramatic mist that it throws up as it crashes into the pool below.   Overall, this waterfall, at a distance of around 243 km from Colombo and 110 km from Kandy. So, it is a natural stop if heading toward or through Badulla on a hill-country route.   How To Reach Dunhinda Falls  From Badulla Town, you can take a tuk-tuk, taxi, or self-driven car to Dunhinda Falls. I took a tuk-tuk, and it took around 15 minutes to complete the journey.   The tuk-tuk cost me around LKR 400, and the route followed the Bandarawela–Badulla road before turning onto the Mahiyangana road toward "Dunhinda Junction," roughly 5 km from Badulla.   If you are coming from Ella, expect the drive to take under an hour. Also, from Colombo, the Southern Expressway offers the fastest approach before joining the hill-country roads.   Public transport such as buses and tuk-tuks run from Badulla town. However, you will have to wait for a while.   There is a parking area near the trail entrance for those driving themselves.  The Trek To The Falls  The beautiful trek route to the Dunhinda Falls makes it a delightful experience and something beyond a quick photo stop.   From the entrance gate, a forest path of roughly 1 to 1.5 km led to the falls, passing through genuinely lush terrain with birds and butterflies.  Also, I met a few curious monkeys along the way.   The trail was safe, though sections can turn muddy after rain.  So proper footwear matters more here than at some of Sri Lanka's roadside waterfalls.   Along the way, look out for Kuda Dunhinda, or "Small Dunhinda." It is a secondary waterfall visible from a viewpoint on the same path.  What I Found At The Falls? I found an observation platform above the natural pool at the base of the Dunhinda Waterfalls.   Located at the end of the trail, the platform offered a full view of the water dropping through a narrow gap in the rock face before crashing down.  I did not attempt to swim in the pool. The pool has submerged rocks and strong currents in the water.   Also, if you want to have some refreshments, you will find small stalls of snacks, herbal drinks, and simple souvenirs.   Best Photo Spots  The observation platform gives the classic, full-height view of the falls. It is by far the easiest spot to shoot from without getting drenched.   For a slightly different angle, the viewpoint overlooking Kuda Dunhinda partway along the trail offers a quieter composition. Here, you have less spray to contend with.  Overcast mornings tend to produce the most even light for photographing the mist itself.  Harsh sun can blow out the brightest parts of the spray and lose the detail that makes this waterfall distinctive in the first place.  Nearby Attractions Badulla town itself is worth a short visit for its colonial-era architecture and the Muthiyangana Temple, one of the island's older Buddhist sites.   Also, Ella is under an hour away and opens up the wider hill-country circuit, including the Nine Arch Bridge, Ravana Falls, and Little Adam's Peak.   For wildlife-focused travelers, Udawalawe National Park is a feasible day trip from Badulla.  Where To Stay Near Dunhinda Falls  Badulla town has a reasonable spread of guesthouses and small hotels.  The options are enough to make it a comfortable overnight base without needing to push on to Ella the same day.   Staying in Badulla also means an early start on the trail before the mid-morning heat and any afternoon rain sets in. It makes for a more pleasant walk through the forest.   Do you want to stay somewhere with more restaurants and traveler infrastructure? Ella is close enough to use as a base instead.  It is ideal for a half-day excursion rather than an overnight stop.  Safety And Practical Notes  The trail, while generally safe and heavily used, does involve some uneven and occasionally muddy footing.  So trainers or light hiking shoes are a better choice than sandals.   Resist the urge to swim in the main pool at the base.  The currents are stronger than they look. There have been drownings here in the past.  That is why the observation platform is the recommended vantage point.   Bring small notes for the entrance fee and any snacks along the trail.  Entrance Fee And Facilities There is an entry fee of LKR 200 payable at the gate before the trail begins. Also, there are basic toilet facilities and a parking area for those arriving by vehicle.   The fee structure is modest. It goes toward maintaining the path and the observation platform at the base.   There is no formal visitor center.  Best Time To Visit The Dunhinda Falls   The waterfall changes its character with the seasons.   June and July are the safest months, when trail conditions are dry.   However, in the wetter months, particularly from around November to March, the falls are at their most dramatic and full.  The trek itself gets muddier.   If your priority is photography and volume, aim for right after the rain. However, if it is a comfortable walk, the mid-year months are the best.  Also, early mornings from 7 AM to 8:30 AM and late afternoons from 4 PM to 5:30 PM are the best.