How Is It Possible For Ski Jumpers To Stay In The Air Long And How To They Train For That?
BY
Sibashree
May 18, 2026
Suppose we jump high in the air. We can stay in the air for around half a second.
Michael Jordan could even stay off the ground for only one second.
Now, at many events at the Winter Olympics, we see athletes showing strength and athleticism in the air.
However, ski jumping beats them all in terms of jumping high in the air and staying afloat for so long.
Here, you need to understand the physics of sports, and for many of us, the ski jump is a mesmerizing event in the Winter Games, showcasing sports physics in action.
The athlete who travels the farthest and shows the best style while flying and landing becomes the winner of the event.
Ski jumpers can fight gravity, and they can turn their bodies and skis into a wing to stay in the air for 5 to 7 seconds.
Within that span, they can travel almost the length of a football field while staying in the air.
But how is it possible for ski jumpers to stay in the air so long and how do they train for that?
Let’s delve into the details.
How To Fly?
The answer to how is it possible for ski jumpers to stay in the air so long and how do they train for that lies in three important concepts of sports physics.
These are drag, lift, and gravity.
Gravity is the power that pulls any object in flight down. Gravity is a force that works on everybody, and ski jumpers cannot avoid it.
However, ski jumpers, as they move, interact with the air. Now, this interaction further produces lift.
Lift refers to an upward force projected by the air for an upward movement of an object.
In this scenario, if the force of gravity and the force to lift balance each other, an object can fly or glide.
However, producing lift is only possible when the object is moving. Moving objects collide with air particles and push them aside.
Pushing air downward creates an equal, upward reaction known as lift. Here it follows Newton’s third law, “For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.”
You can increase lift by boosting your speed, expanding your surface area, or optimizing your angle of attack (the object's tilt against the airflow).
If this angle is too flat, you generate no lift; if it is too steep, the object stalls.
The Car Window Example
If the concept feels complicated, you can experience the same by just sticking your hand out of a moving car window.
If you keep your hand perfectly flat, it will yield no movement.
However, if you tilt your palm slightly upward, it will force the incoming wind downward, and thus your hand will be pushed up immediately.
It is a clear example of lift.
The same particle collisions that generate lift also create drag.
Drag is a resistive force that slows objects down.
As an object loses speed, its lift drops, cutting the flight short. Because of this, ski jumpers use highly precise body positions to maximize their lift while minimizing speed-killing drag.
A Brief History Of The V-Style
The history of ski jumping goes back to the 1800s. Norwegian skiers first started competing for distance on snowy slopes.
However, for most of the sport's history, jumpers kept their skis pressed tightly together, parallel to each other, all the way through the flight.
The 1980s brought a major change to these practices.
A Swedish jumper named Jan Boklöv began spreading his skis apart mid-air, forming the V-shape you now see in every competition.
He drew criticism from experts and judges who considered it a “bad style” because it looked unconventional.
However, Boklöv's V-style increased his jump distances by as much as 10%, simply by giving his body and skis more surface area to catch the air.
Then, ignoring the style was impossible.
Within a few years, every serious competitor had switched to the V-style, and judges stopped penalizing it.
Even today, it remains a standard technique, and it is the same aerodynamic principle that more surface area means more lift.
How To Fly On Skis?
We need to observe the skiers to understand how is it possible for ski jumpers to stay in the air so long and how do they train for that.
You will see a skier starting on a high slope, and then they move downhill. They generate speed by skiing in this way.
They also reduce drag by squatting and steer very carefully to minimize the friction between the ramp and skis.
So, when they reach the end, the speed will be close to 60 miles or 96 kms per hour.
Once airborne, ski jumpers use aerodynamics to fight gravity and extend their flight.
While they cannot generate enough lift to stay in the air indefinitely, maximizing this upward force slows their descent and carries them further down the hill.
To achieve the longest flight possible, athletes lean forward until their bodies and skis are nearly parallel to the snow.
By spreading their skis into a V-shape just outside their body's silhouette, they gain two major aerodynamic advantages.
The spread position creates a larger surface area to catch the wind and generate lift. So they get an expanded surface area.
They also get an optimal angle of attack. The forward tilt places them at the perfect angle relative to the airflow to maximize upward pressure.
As the jumper glides forward, drag continuously pushes back against them, draining their forward momentum.
Because lift relies entirely on speed, this deceleration causes the upward force to fade away. As drag robs the athlete of their speed, gravity takes complete control, pulling them faster and faster toward the landing zone.
The Takeoff: The Hardest Half-Second
Out of everything a ski jumper does, takeoff is the most difficult skill to master. It happens in under half a second.
Furthermore, when the jumper reaches the end of the ramp, known as the "table," they must explosively extend their legs and spring forward and slightly upward.
They will do it all while still moving at nearly 60 miles per hour.
However, if they jump too early, they will lose speed and distance. Once again, jumping too late can cause losing control of their body position in the air, which can be dangerous.
In addition, the takeoff also sets the jumper's angle of attack for the entire flight.
Because there's no way to make major corrections once airborne, a fraction-of-a-second error in the takeoff can throw off the aerodynamic position for the whole jump.
This is why ski jumpers spend years drilling this single movement until it becomes automatic.
How Ski Jumpers Actually Train?
Physics explains the reason why ski jumpers fly so far. However, the training behind it is equally crucial.
Training AreaWhat It InvolvesWhy It MattersStrength and Explosive PowerSquats, box jumps, and plyometric drillsBuilds the fast-twitch power needed for the powerful, split-second leg extension at takeoffSummer Training on Artificial TracksYear-round practice on in-run tracks covered with porcelain or plastic bristles instead of snowLet athletes drill their approach, takeoff, and body position even outside the winter monthsWind Tunnel SessionsFine-tuning arm position, back angle, and ski spread with coachesFlight position is highly sensitive to drag and lift, so small posture adjustments can shave off dragVideo and Biomechanical AnalysisFrame-by-frame review of the in-run, takeoff, flight, and landing from multiple camera anglesHelps compare an athlete's actual form against ideal aerodynamic positionsMental PreparationVisualization techniques and gradual exposure, starting on smaller hills and building up to normal and large hillsBuilds the psychological conditioning needed to launch off a mountainside ramp at speed
How Do Judges Score A Jump?
The judges will not just assess the ski jump based on the distance covered. So, the question of who becomes the winner depends on the distance and the style.
Scoring ComponentHow It WorksPurposeDistance Points- Measured against the K-point (a reference point on the hill). - Landing exactly on it earns a fixed score, with points added or subtracted for every meter beyond or short of it.Rewards how far the athlete actually travelsStyle PointsFive judges score the flight and landing, including body position in the air and control of the landing in the "telemark" position (one foot in front of the other, knees bent). Each judge scores up to 20 points; the highest and lowest scores are dropped, and the middle three are added to the distance score.Rewards technique and control, not just distance.Gate and Wind CompensationOfficials apply point adjustments in real time based on wind conditions, since headwinds increase lift and tailwinds reduce it.Prevents a gust of wind from unfairly helping or hurting a competitor's final score.
Normal Hill Vs. Large Hill Vs. Ski Flying
Not all ski jumps are the same size, and the hill itself determines how far a "long" jump actually is.
Hill TypeK-Point (Target Landing Distance)NotesNormal HillUp to 109 metersSmaller competition hillLarge Hill110–184 metersUsed for most Olympic ski jumping eventsSki Flying Hill185 meters or moreIt is a separate discipline where athletes can stay airborne longer, sometimes covering well over 200 meters.
The larger the hill, the faster the in-run speed and the longer the flight.
That is why ski flying produces the most extreme examples of the physics described earlier: maximum lift, sustained over the longest possible time.
Record-Breaking Flights
The current men's ski flying world record stands at 254.5 meters. Domen Prevc completed it in Planica, Slovenia, on 30 March 2025. (Source: Guinness World Records).
Among women’s ski flying, Nika Prevc holds the record. She completed the jump of 236 meters in Vikersund, Norway, on 14 March 2025.
These extreme distances are a direct demonstration of the lift-versus-drag balance.
The longer an athlete can hold an efficient aerodynamic position without losing speed to drag, the farther gravity has to work to finally pull them down.
How Is It Possible For Ski Jumpers To Stay In The Air Long? The Rules Follow The Physics
So, you can see there is pure physics at play behind how is it possible for ski jumpers to stay in the air so long and how do they train for that.
However, the body of an athlete, equipment choices, and the wind can impact the quality of the jump in many ways.
Also, there are a lot of rules and regulations to keep a ski jump fair.
You will see many officials changing the starting and ending points up and down the slope during the events.
This adjustment happens to ensure a safe landing, depending on the speed of the wind.
When the headwinds are faster, there will be more lifts and longer jumps. As a result, an athlete can go past the scure zone for landing.
Moreover, the regulations of a ski jump will also depend on the height and weight of a skier.
Usually, skis have to be “145% of the skier's height.” Also, if the skier has a body mass index of less than 21, they will get shorter skis.
Again, long skis are not the best in every case. When the ski is heavy, you will need more lift to fly and stay in the air.
Also, you have to wear a tight-fitting suit. You cannot wear anything that will need additional lift.
So, when you see a skiing event, think of how the skiers have also mastered the concept of physics.
Why Is Ski Jumping Riskier Than It Looks?
Ski jumping looks graceful. However, we cannot undermine how physically demanding and risky the sport is.
Athletes fly through the air at highway speeds with only their skis and body position keeping them stable.
A poor landing, a sudden gust of crosswind, or a small error in the takeoff can cause a loss of balance that's difficult to correct mid-flight.
This is part of why regulations are so strict that the rules on suit tightness, ski length relative to height and BMI, and the ability of officials to adjust the start gate are all safety measures as much as they are fairness measures.
Wind is the biggest variable officials can't fully control.
Which is why competitions are sometimes paused or delayed when crosswinds pick up, and why the point-compensation system exists to account for conditions that shift mid-competition.
How Is It Possible For Ski Jumpers To Stay In The Air Long? Some Quick Questions And Answers
1. Why Do Ski Jumpers Spread Their Skis Into A V-Shape?
It increases their surface area and creates a better angle of attack, both of which generate more lift and let them fly farther.
2. How Fast Do Ski Jumpers Go Before Takeoff?
Around 60 miles per hour (96 km/h) by the time they reach the end of the ramp.
3. How Long Do Ski Jumpers Actually Stay In The Air?
Roughly 5 to 7 seconds in standard competition, and even longer during ski flying events on the largest hills.
4. Is Ski Jumping Scored Only On Distance?
No. Final scores combine distance points with style points awarded by judges for body position and landing control.
5. What Is The Difference Between Ski Jumping And Ski Flying?
Ski flying happens on larger hills built for greater distances, allowing longer flights and higher speeds than standard normal or large hill ski jumping.
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