The Glaciers of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park: Experience The Magnificence Of Nature 

BY  Sibashree Sep 11, 2024

Kobuk Valley National Park is surreal! Have you ever thought to meet sand dunes in the Arctic Circle? The unique geology of the park makes it possible. That’s not all! The Great Kobuk sand dunes stand here, along with the remains of the North American continental glaciers.  Three of the sand dunes in this national park are active or alive. The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, Hunt River Dunes, and Little Kobuk Sand Dunes here cover a mesmerizing 20,000 acres of area in the park.   Today, hiking through these dunes is one of the most popular activities in the Kobuk Valley National Park.   While it is visually unusual or unexpected to see sand dunes in an Arctic National Park, you also need to understand that the Arctic region gets very little rainfall every year. So, this is also a desert region.   “Sand dunes in the Arctic landscape are not what you would expect. Since most people associate sand dunes with a hot desert environment, it is a visually unusual thing to see. In fact, what most people don't realize is that the Arctic is also a desert with very low levels of rainfall.”   - Christian, a Kobuk Valley National Park Worker  Having said that, how the sand dunes came to be here, and the experience of exploring them will be a great thing to discuss in this article.   This Is How The Kobuk Valley National Park Became The Land Of Sand Dunes   https://www.instagram.com/p/BWatGdVFuis/ Much of Alaska, including the Kobuk Valley National Park, falls in the Tundra region. Tundra, the coldest of the biomes, gets only around 150 to 250 mm of rainfall and snowfall yearly1. So, the national park has less rainfall than some of the most well-known deserts in the world.   Further, the sand dunes in the Kobuk Valley are as old as the Ice Age. Now, as the mighty glaciers moved forward and made a retreat, the rocks beneath got ground. Now, the blowing wind transported the sand into the empty and ice-free Kobuk Valley. The sand dunes in the park are up to 150 feet high, and they are the biggest, high-altitude, and most importantly, “active sand fields”  in the earth.   In The Land Of The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes  https://www.instagram.com/p/BgmZYDdAA_r/ Are you in the Sahara? No, you are around 35 miles above the Arctic Circle and still find the largest active sand dune field in the world. Today, it is a popular backpacking, hiking, and camping destination in the National Park. You must attend the Northwest Arctic Heritage Center to learn more about the outdoor pursuits in the land of sand dunes.  Let’s quickly look at why the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes is a preferred destination for camping, hiking, and backpacking.  The sand is steady enough for the landing of an aircraft with wheels.  You can put up your tent on any level surface.  Also, you can hike in any direction.  Further, you can board a float plane and reach the Kobuk River. From there, you can take a backpacking tour for around two miles and reach the dunes.  You must visit the Kotzebue Visitor Center if you have plans to take this backpacking journey to and from the Kobuk River.   There is no marked route for hiking.  In summer, the temperature in the sand dunes can reach up to 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Also, fall is the season to see caribou migration here.   However, there’s more to it! Let’s learn about the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes as relics of the Ice Age and how life thrived here.   Great Kobuk Sand Dunes: The Relics Of The Ice Age   https://www.instagram.com/p/BYwfdMYlr-0/ To know about the formation of the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, we must go back to the Ice Age. Around 28000 years ago, glaciers in the mountains formed. I have already discussed how the glaciers ground the rocks and wind deposited them in the Kobuk Valley.   Further, approximately 14000 years ago, the glaciers made a massive retreat. As a result, there were 200,000 acres of sandy land formation on the river banks. Complex holocene activities and geomorphic preservations keep the sand dune field at the Kobuk Valley National Park active or alive. Along with the Kobuk Valley, small lakes in the park have also accumulated sand over thousands of years.   However, most of the landscape today is occupied by the vegetation of the national park, and the sand dune area consists of only 20,000 acres. The vegetation found here consists of the following varieties.  Wild rye  Grasses  Sedges  Kobuk locoweed  Wildflowers blooming occasionally  These species grow on the shifting sand, and they function as stabilizing agents. You can see shrubs, lichens, mosses, and algae following this vegetation. Finally, there are spruce, birch, and aspen trees covering the landscape.    The slopes of the Kobuk Valley sand dunes are the only place where Kobuk locoweeds grow. These plants belong to the pea family, and they are known for their purple flowers. If you want to see these flowers, you must visit the park in late June and July.   The inland dune field of Kobuk Valley National Park is surrounded by boreal forest.   Humans And Wildlife In The Great Kobuk Sand Dunes  https://www.instagram.com/p/Cv0EhpdLsJ5/ It’s amazing to see the Western Arctic Caribou walking through the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes. Fall and spring are the migration seasons for these animals. The north of Brook Range is the caribou herd’s calving ground, and they migrate to and from this place.   As the caribou herds pass through the sand dunes, their footprints remain in the ground for the longest time. According to National Park Service data, around 250,000 caribou pass through this national park annually.   No wonder that the Kobuk Valley National Park is one of the “last great migrations” remaining in the world. The table below gives you a brief idea about the animals and birds in the sand dunes.  Birds Sharp-shinned Hawk Golden Eagle Bald Eagle American Wigeon Northern Pintail Rough-legged Hawk Marsh Hawk Mammals Caribou Wolverine Muskox Snowshoe Hare Moose Gray Wolf Grizzly Bear Beaver Arctic Fox American Pine Marten Amphibians Wood Frog Fish Longnose Sucker Salmon* Northern Pike Alaska Blackfish Alaska Whitefish Humpback Whitefish Alaskan Stickleback Ninespine Stickleback  Human history in the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes is at least 8000 years old. They lived by the Kobuk River and were mainly focused on fishing, hunting, and trapping for survival. It is fascinating to visit the thousand-year-old hunting camps on the edges of the sand dunes.  The golden and shifting Great Kobuk Sand Dunes are located a few miles away from the Kobuk River. Further, the sand dunes soar up to 100 miles in the air.   Kobuk Valley National Park Is Also The Land Of Iñupiaq Subsistence  https://www.instagram.com/p/BWdjyOBl_Lw/ Human life, which started in the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes 8000 years ago, is still thriving with the mantra of subsistence. The Iñupiaq people here use the available natural resources to fulfil their physical needs and safeguard their spiritual and cultural requirements.   For example, they depend on caribou and salmon to feed themselves and their dogs. At the same time, caribou skin hide is extensively used to make parka jackets to combat Arctic winter. They also make mukluks or boots using reindeer skin to walk through the snow.   Further, the local people made baskets using birch and willow. Moreover, in darkness, caribou tallow or seal oil were the only ingredients to light up their stone lamps.   Irrespective of the trade with the coastal communities, the “customary, traditional and non-commercial” use of natural resources is still important in the park.   Iñupiat Ilitqusiat And Respecting The Ecosystem   https://www.instagram.com/p/CzjboNfsc4Y/ Aboriginal people in the Kobuk Valley National Park are committed to passing on their values from generation to generation. The Iñupiat Ilitqusiat value asks them to transfer the knowledge and skill of hunting and everything about life.  In addition, this transfer of knowledge helps to make the most of various seasons and subsistence opportunities. For example, the caribou season comes to this park after the salmon season.   Earlier, Noatak Valley was the destination for these people during the caribou season, and even today, some families move to Noatak Valley. Again, summer camping around the Kobuk River is common for fishing, especially catching salmon and whitefish.   Summer is also the season for harvesting berries and wild greens for the local people.  If you want to learn about the local people and their values, you must be respectful and understand their seasonal activities as a part of their subsistence practices.   Overall, the Kobuk Valley National Park is not just a place to see sand dunes and wildlife. It is a tapestry of human lives depending on nature.   Things To Know Before You Visit The Kobuk Valley National Park   For me, the sand dunes and Iñupiaq subsistence practices are the most fascinating things in the Kobuk Valley National Park. However, keep the following information handy if you are to pay a visit anytime soon.   Mode of Transport: Authorized air taxis from Kotzebue or Bettles  Visitor Center: Northwest Arctic Heritage Center  Entrance Fee: Free  Permits Required:  Commercial Use Authorization or CUA for commercial activities, Research Permits, Filming and Photography Permits  Activities to Do: Boating, fishing, camping and backpacking, hiking, flight-seeing and exploring nearby attractions  Best Time to Visit: June to July   Area: 1,750,000 Acres  Established: 2nd December, 1980  Number of Visitors: 17,616 (2023) (National Park Service Data)  Snowfall, downpours, and extreme weather conditions can occur in any season of the year. So, follow the instructions shared at the visitor center and keep your gear ready for survival!  

BY  sagnika May 20, 2024

Are you going to Europe? If Venice is in your plans, let me share some of the plans that will be perfect for you. So, how many days in Venice are you planning for the trip? The capital city of northern Italy, Venice, is built on 100 small islands in a lagoon in the Adriatic Sea. Moreover, there are hardly any roads, only canals through which you can travel using gondolas. The place is filled with buildings that represent the Renaissance and Gothic periods. You will love the ambiance and surroundings if you are an old soul like me. So, are you wondering best places to go in Italy? You must also experience delicious food in Venice and visit these beautiful locations. It is very important to check out local food when you visit a place so that you can experience its culture. Factors to Consider When Visiting Venice! So, let me share with your certain aspects influencing your decision to plan your trip. The first thing you need to consider is the best time to visit! You must consider two things. If you are someone who does not like crowds, you can visit Venice during winter. However, if your plan extends for a few days, summer is the best time to visit Venice. Furthermore, you need to consider mobility issues because they will impact how long it will take you to travel across Venice. Apart from these factors, another important aspect is the Italian Itinerary! Your Itinerary will include the different places in Venice and the amazing eateries and restaurants. Accommodations come into the picture once you have decided on the places you must visit. A Few Hours in Venice There are several options based on the number of days. Accordingly, you can decide how long you want to stay in Venice and how to plan it. If you are only in Venice for a few hours, you should concentrate on St. Mark's Square. So, how many days in Venice? It is one of the most popular places in Venice, as it is the main public square of the city! Apparently, Napolean claimed that this was the world's most beautiful drawing room. The place is also known as Piazza San Marco, and it has a quite old history. There is quite an open space, with several trees lining the place. There are several government buildings and facilities in this square. Now, if you are hungry, you can go to Bacarandino, a warm and welcoming Veneziano restaurant. You can find gluten-free options, as well as vegetarian and vegan options! Another one is Osteria Numero 1, another Italian restaurant. It is a peaceful experience where you can spend a romantic evening with your partner enjoying delicious food. If you are craving Pasta, you can get hand-made Pasta here all year round. Very similar to some of the most romantic restaurants in Rome! You can take a vaporetto and travel to the Grand Canal, the major water traffic corridor in the city! A public water bus is a Venetian beauty, and you can enjoy several locations as there are about 19 scheduled lines. Then you can visit Rialto Bridge, which is an architectural genius. Another amazing place to visit is St Mark's Basilica. It is quite close to Piazza San Marco! So, once you have indulged in delicious food, you can take a stroll and visit the religious and political center of the Republic of Venice. One Full Day in Venice If you have a full day to spend, I will ask you to visit St. Mark's Basilica first and then go to Doge's Palace once you are done with the church. The church is significantly important for its religious relativity because it is the resting place of Saint Mark. If you want to check out some grandiose gothic architecture, Doge's Palace is a great place. Apparently, it houses one of the largest oil paintings in the world on canvas called The Glory of Paradise. The painting by Jacopo Tintoretto. Several masterpieces, including sculptural decoration and Gothic architecture, are exhibited here. The artists who are exhibited here are Veronese, A-Vittoria, Titian, and Tiepolo. Now that you are hungry, you can quickly go to Tuttinpiedi. A popular place in Venice, it serves food that feels like homemade street food pasta with different seasonings like wine or fish. Continue walking in the back streets after your lunch. Later in the day, you can take a gondola ride through the canals of Venice. Two Days in Venice If your plans allow you to spend two days in Venice, I have the perfect Itinerary for you. Please make sure to visit St Mark's Campanile. The bell tower is quite popular among tourists as people climb up to the tall structure and enjoy the beautiful views of the city from this bell tower. You can go anywhere in the city and see the tall structure from there. Entry costs 12 euros. You must visit this place, as it is one of the most picturesque places in Venice. If you have a problem climbing the stairs, do not worry; there is also a lift to the top. Nearby, there is also Ponte Dell' Accademia, which you can visit. The Grand Canal of Venice is quite popular, and one of the four bridges on this canal is Ponte Dell' Academia. It is at the southern end of the canal. If you or your partner dislike crowded areas, you can explore Cannaregio. When you visit Cannaregio, you will experience an authentic side of Venice. With reasonable glass pieces, you can enjoy your time with food and friends. Furthermore, after you plan a day for it, you can go on a walk to visit Museo Fortuny and Ca Rezzonico. You cannot miss Il Paradiso Perduto, where you can enjoy delicious traditional Venetian dishes. If you want to visit an opulent place to enjoy delicious food, you can go to Oro Restautant in the Cipriani hotel. It is quite extravagant and chic, so you can have a romantic lunch date with your partner. Three Days in Venice If you have three days to spend in Venice, I have an amazing plan for you! The first thing to do is head to the Murano and Burano Islands. The islands have the shape of a small Venice and are joined by bridges. They are quite popular for products such as lace, glass, and others. There are also colorful buildings across these islands, so they are a perfect heaven for photographers and visitors. Burano is quite a popular place for risotto and fresh fish, and you must taste meat, delicious desserts, and fresh fish in Murano. You can also take a gondola ride across the canals of Venice. It is one of the most romantic activities in life. Of course, you must visit St. Mark Square because, near it, you can visit different places such as St. Mark's Basilica, the National Archaeological Museum of Venice, and The Doge's Palace. If you are a museum lover, you must go to Museo Correr! With its 18th-century interior, you will lose your breath. With an extensive collection of architecture and art illustrating the history of Venice, you will experience some of the best art in life. Four or More Days in Venice This is one of the most wholesome days when planning an itinerary for Venice. If you want some beach time, go to Lido. There are also several beaches hence, there are many things to do in Venice Beach! A hamlet of the city, the water and the sand are quite gorgeous with limited crowds. For a beautiful siesta with a book, this is a perfect place to enjoy yourself and relax. A one-day trip to Padua or Verona is an ideal way to spend the second day in Venice. With the names, I am sure you will realize it is from the famous Shakespeare novel Romeo and Juliet!  There are many things to do with its gorgeous architecture, old-world charm, and quiet nightlife! If you like walking or taking a stroll when you visit a beautiful and romantic place like Venice. There is a Jewish Ghetto, which you must explore when you have time. This place shows you the culture of the place; however, it is a place where the government is forcing the Venetian people to live there. It would be best if you did not miss watching an opera at the Teatro le Fenice. An experience of a lifetime, the opera experience will stay with you forever. Conclusion In conclusion, we have provided several options based on the number of hours and days! If you are wondering how many days you will be in Venice, I am sure you have got your plan. You can decide on the places you will visit and the food you will enjoy when you visit Venice. Even though you will see a lot in Venice, it is packed a lot in a small space. Apart from the crowds of tourists, there are picturesque canals, medieval alleyways, charming cafes, and beautiful streets to walk. Starting from St. Mark's Basilica, the Central Square, and Piazza San Marco, you must cover all of it.   Comment on how many days you plan to stay in Venice and which plan suits you the best!  Learn More Also: How Much Time To Spend In Italy? 10 Best Beaches In Italy That Will Surprise You The Most

BY  Abdul Aziz Oct 27, 2023

Zanzibar is known for being sloppy when wet and extremely hot in the summer. The protracted rains bring heavy torrential downpours every day, causing high humidity and silty seas to occur between March and early May. With its dry and sunny peak season from June through October on the beach (and in Tanzania's game reserves if you're on a safari first), most vacations to Zanzibar outside of these periods will be nice. While November and December offer Zanzibar's shorter spells of rain, these typically are isolated showers that won't cause holiday washouts. January to March are likewise dry and hot but a lot quieter. The year-round average temperature is roughly 30°C. Due to the warm waters, minimal wind, and high visibility, the months between March and November are typically regarded as the best for diving and snorkeling. September through December is the prime time to see whale sharks, reef sharks, and manta rays. If you want to know more details on when is the best time to visit Zanzibar, this article will help you navigate those questions. Best Time To Visit Zanzibar Image Source: gumlet.assettype.com Strictly speaking, the dry seasons of December to February and June to October are the best times to visit the Zanzibar islands. But in general, the beaches on the southern and western parts of the islands are more protected from wind during these months. On the other hand, the wind typically comes from the southwest from June to October. This makes the northern and eastern coasts ideal for holidaying. But in the end, these islands remain at the whim of the ocean, and their weather can be erratic throughout the year. Even in the “dry” seasons, afternoon showers do occur, but they usually last only a few minutes and are refreshingly cool. It is not an entirely bad idea to travel to Zanzibar during the rainy season when the number of tourists declines, and you will likely find affordable trips and lodging (among those that are still open). The sunsets are known to be stunning. The rain, although severe, is not generally consistent, and delicious pineapples come into season! You might find it tricky to navigate the roads and buses, but things eventually settle. Wet and dry seasons are Zanzibar's prominent climates, which are influenced by the movements of the Indian Ocean’s rainy season. From November/December to February/March, the northeast monsoon winds, or kaskazi (in local parlance), blow. And from June to September/October, the southwest monsoon winds, also called kusi, blow. There is a brief rainy season (the vuli) in November in addition to the main rains (the masika), which last between mid-March to the end of May. Weather Image Source: www.holidaysplease.co.uk Although it can be reduced by the winds and sea breeze, humidity is relatively high throughout the year. The average daily temperature on Zanzibar Island is roughly 26°C (80°F) from June to October and around 28°C from December to February. However, during the latter period, humidity levels are frequently greater, making temperatures feel hotter. Pemba has a milder climate with a little more rainfall than Zanzibar Island. The islands are crowded with tourists from outside and expats from Nairobi and Dar es Salaam during major holidays like Christmas and Easter. You can expect crowded flights and increased hotel prices. On the other hand, life moves more slowly as many restaurants and shops close during the Islamic fasting month of Ramadan. The annual Zanzibar International Marathon takes place in the first few days of November. This can be a good incentive for sports enthusiasts, making it the best time to visit Zanzibar. Festivals Image Source: www.gallerytours.net The majority of Tanzania's public holidays are observed on the islands as well. On these days, companies and offices are typically closed, while some tour operators are still open. Some of the public holidays with set dates observed on the island are: 1 January – New Year 12 January – Mapinduzi ‘Revolution’ Day 7 April – Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume Day 26 April – Union Day: Zanzibar and Tanganyika 1 May – Workers’ Day 7 July – Saba Saba (Seven Seven) 8 August – Peasants’ and Farmers’ Day 14 October – Nyerere Day 9 December – Independence Day 25 December – Christmas Day 26 December – Boxing Day The Muslim holidays of Idd il Fitri, which marks the conclusion of Ramadan, and Idd il Maulidi (also known as Maulidi ya Mfunguo Sita), which commemorates Muhammad's birth, are widely observed and serve as public holidays. These festivals fall 11 or 12 days early each year and have dates that are determined by the lunar calendar. If you are planning to visit Zanzibar in 2024 and want to be a part of their Ramadan, it is set to start on 10 March through 8 April. Places To Visit Image Source: zanzibardestination.co.tz Zanzibar is one of those rare treasures you keep to yourself, as a secret, as a deeply significant memory, and as the most joyful days spent. Now that you know the best time to visit Zanzibar, if you want to know a few places you can check out while visiting, here are a few: Slave Trade Image Source: pbs.twimg.com The Slave Museum is a must-see for anybody interested in learning about Zanzibar's sordid past. The last active slave market in the world was shut down in 1873. You will pass by rooms where slaves were housed before being sold as you move around the museum. To work on plantations, hoards of Africans were first transferred to this island. Slave traffickers utilized the port at Zanzibar as their center of operations to transport slaves to countries including Egypt, Arabia, Persia, and the Ottoman Empire. Sunset Dhow Show Image Source: www.tanzaniatourism.com If you miss taking a Sunset Dhow Cruise on the translucent, emerald seas of the Indian Ocean, your journey to Zanzibar will remain incomplete. The busy bustle of a busy town gradually disappears as the sunset cruise departs the coast that gets replaced finally by the musicians' melancholy ballad of lost love and found romances or a tune played on a taraab, violin, or oud. The crew will provide you with crackers and your preferred brand of beer or soda. Sip on your drink while you bask in the exotic vibe on the cruise. Mnemba Atoll Image Source: www.andbeyond.com Explore the fascinating marine life at Zanzibar, which is host to more than 400 species of fish, turtles, nudibranchs, and many rare forms of coral, while scuba diving at Mnemba Atoll. If you are lucky, you might see reef sharks, manta rays, and whale sharks. Mnemba Atoll is one of Zanzibar's top locations for water sports while being a conservation area and marine reserve. Mid-February through mid-May, as well as mid-October to mid-December, are the best times to go scuba diving in Mnemba Atoll since the sea is quiet, and there is high visibility to enjoy the experience even better. Darajani Market Image Source: upload.wikimedia.org A market is a location where we meet new folks, socialize, and engage in addition to trading and selling items. One such location in Zanzibar is the Darajani Market, which serves as the town's main market. You can find merchants selling everything from Chinese toys and other trinkets to indigenous Zanzibar spices, kofias (Zanzibari hats), and dates while you take a stroll around the streets. You will have an amazing experience wandering the market's winding streets. Wrapping Up The best time for either a rustic vacation or participation in Zanzibar activities is during the months of June and October. These are the months of spring in Africa when the weather is mild and delightful. You can also visit this island paradise in the tropics during December and February. Zanzibar experiences hot, dry weather while it is winter in other countries. Are you planning a visit and want to know when the best time to visit Zanzibar is? Or have you been to Zanzibar recently? Did you like the island? How was your experience? If you have thoughts to share or questions to ask, please leave a comment below. We would love to hear from you! Read Also: This Is The Best Time To Visit Iceland & These Are The Things You Should Do! This Is The Best Time To Visit The Seven Magic Mountains In Vegas! THIS Is When You Should Visit Maldives!