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The Glaciers of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park: Experience The Magnificence Of Nature

The Glaciers of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park: Experience The Magnificence Of Nature

Aug 9, 2024

Last Updated on: Jun 12, 2025

Wrangell-St. Elias, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an icy wonderland. It is a place where active volcanoes and the largest glaciers, like Malaspina, coexist, making it “A Song of Ice and Fire.”

It also has some of the greatest mountain ranges in the world and mighty rivers. Further, unique geological features and weather conditions have made the national park a land of biodiversity and wilderness with a lot of mammals, birds, fish, and plants.

Let me take you on a tour of the Wrangell-St. Elias glaciers and everything the national park has to offer.

What Are The Notable Glaciers In Wrangell-St. Elias?

Nabesna Glacier, Malaspina Glacier, and Hubbard Glacier are the most notable ones in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park.

Along with these glaciers, you can also see glacier features like glacier caves, Jökulhlaups, and ice falls. Let’s briefly discuss the major glaciers and glacier features.

Malaspina Glacier

Did you know that Malaspina Glacier is the “largest Piedmont glacier in the world?” Designated as a National Natural Landscape in 1968, it spans across 1,075,409 acres.

Further, its glacial mechanisms and fluctuations have made it a favorite of explorers. The glacier is also a favorite of space travelers as it looks vibrant from space.

In an article published by NASA Earth Observatory on 27th October 2023, we can find,

“The dark blueish-purple lines on the ice are moraines—areas where soil, rock, and other debris have been scraped up by the glacier and deposited along its edges. The zigzag pattern of the debris is caused by changes in the ice’s velocity. Glaciers in this area of Alaska periodically “surge” or lurch forward for one to several years. As a result of this irregular flow, the moraines can fold, compress, and shear to form the characteristic textures seen on Malaspina.”

Hubbard Glacier

Hubbard, “the sleeping giant,” is the largest when it comes to the tidewater glaciers in North America (75 miles long). The glacier gets its name from Gardiner Hubbard, National Geographic Society’s first president.

Also called the “Galloping Glacier,” it comes with tranquil blue ice. You can explore Hubbard Glacier through a cruise trip.

Visiting the Hubbard Glacier becomes more exciting as you meet the sea otters, whales, sea lions, and bears along the route.

Nabesna Glacier

With a length of 53 miles, Nabesna Glacier is the “longest interior valley glacier” in the world. However, there are concerns regarding the loss of ice mass in the glacier. A 2007 report says,

“Nabesna, the largest glacier in this region (˜1056 km2), lost mass four times faster during 2000–07 than during 1957–2000. Although accelerated, the mass change over this region is slower than in other glacierized regions of Alaska, particularly those with tidewater glaciers.”

Glacier Features In Wrangell-St. Elias

You will come across many fascinating glacier caves in Wrangell-St. Elias, especially near the Kennecott Mines National Historic Landmark.

Further, ice falls, or the fountains of the glacier, move very fast, and it’s fascinating to see how they form seracs or blocks.

Also, there are Jökulhlaups, or flooded glacier outbursts, adding to the various glacier features of the national park.

Amazing Glaciers of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park Facts

Mount St. Elias, the largest peak of the national park, is the second-highest in the world.

Mount Wrangell, the only active volcano here, is one of the largest active volcanoes in North America.

It has Nabesna Glacier, Malaspina Glacier, and Hubbard Glacier, three of the largest in the world.

It is a part of the “world’s largest international protected wilderness.”

Mid-May to mid-September is the best time to visit this park.

Wrangell-St. Elias: A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Home to countless glaciers and many high mountains, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park enjoys the status of a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with Kluane, Glacier Bay, and Tatshenshini-Alsek.

Also, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park is a part of the “largest non-polar icefield in the world.” You will find Dall’s sheep, grizzly bears, caribou, and many other animals roaming in this part of the world.

Further, certain geographical and biological factors and “protection and management requirements” make this national park a place of outstanding universal value. Let’s discuss them in detail.

Rich In Biodiversity

The scenic beauty and geological diversity in the park are outstanding. It has sea mammals and other aquatic animals. Further, you can see many land mammals, birds, and different types of trees in this park.

The table below mentions some of the most popular birds, trees, and animals you can see here.

Land Mammals	Brown Bears Polar Bears Black Bears Mountain Goats Dall Sheep Bison Coyotes Wolverine Porcupine
Sea Mammals and Other Marine Creatures	Whales Sea Lions Porpoises Harbor Seals Sea Otters
Plants (936 Vascular Plant Species)	Sedge Family Grass Family Sunflower Family Trees Willows Various Introduced Species
Birds	Bald Eagles Canada Geese Trumpeter Swans Wilson’s Warblers American Robins

Home to boreal forest, Wrangell-St. Elias has one of the largest ecosystems in the world. Diverse geological features and unique weather conditions support this sprawling ecosystem or biodiversity.

Comes With Topographical Diversity

This national park is one of the most diverse in its topographical features. It has glaciers, rivers, river canyons, volcanoes, snow-capped mountains and whatnot!

Geomorphological features like hanging valleys, moraines, craters, and calderas also make this national park unique.

A Hub Of Active Tectonic, Volcanic, Glacial, And Fluvial Natural Processes

Like the entire Alaska, Wrangell-St. Elias is also in an area where tectonic, volcanic, glacial, and fluvial natural processes are common.

So, it has active and inactive volcanoes, the largest glaciers, and some prominent fluvial landforms. It has the mighty Copper River, Rivers of Life, and braided rivers formed of glacier water.

Final Words

Wrangell-St. Elias National Park has the highest glacier coverage among all national parks in America. It also has the active Mount Wrangell volcano, rivers, and wetlands, making it a place of geological interest.

Exploring the glacier caves and the ice falls here is a one-of-a-kind experience, and it’s wonderful to see how the richest biodiversity with mammals, birds, aquatic animals, and trees thrives here.

So, come and experience the brilliance of nature as you explore the largest glaciers of the world’s largest glaciers, such as Malaspina and Hubbard.

Or have you already been to this land of volcanoes and glaciers? Don’t forget to share your experience of the glaciers of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park tours.

Wrangell-St. Elias National Park FAQs

How Many Glaciers Are In Wrangell-St. Elias National Park?

Like the entire Alaska, Wrangell-St. Elias is filled with glaciers. According to the latest count of the National Park Service (NPS), the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park has 3,121 glaciers. Further, these glaciers cover a whopping “6,757 square miles of land.”

So, Wrangell-St. Elias has glaciers that cover 60% of all the glacier coverage in American National Parks. Glacier Bay in Alaska is the distant second to Wrangell-St. Elias. The glacier coverage at Glacier Bay is just 1/5th of Wrangell-St. Elias.

In addition, Malaspina, Hubbard, and the Bering glaciers, located along the park’s southern margin, are three of the largest glaciers in the world.

Having said that, glacier coverage in Alaska is shrinking, and Wrangell-St. Elias is not an exception. From 1985 to 2020, it has already experienced a 5% reduction in its glacier coverage.

How many People Visit Wrangell-St. Elias National Park Each Year?

The National Park Service has a record of visitors to Wrangell-St. Elias National Park since 1982. Since then, this park has been enjoying thousands of footfalls every year.

2023 was one of the topmost years in terms of number of people visiting Wrangell-St. Elias. It had 78,305 visitors in 2023.

In 2020 (the Covid-19 era), the park had 16,655 visitors. From 2021, the number of visitors has increased consistently. (Source)

What Is Unique About Wrangell-St. Elias National Park?

With the largest glaciers and volcanoes in the world, Wrangell-St. Elias is unique because of its geographical features. It is also one of the most prominent hubs of biodiversity. Thanks to its extensive glacier and volcanic coverage and rich wildlife, it has earned the status of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Among glaciers, Hubbard (one of the largest in the world and the largest tidewater glacier in North America) and Malaspina Glacier demand a special mention.

The Mount Wrangell volcano in this park is still active, and some other volcanoes here are Mount Drum, Capital Mountain, Skookum Creek Volcano, etc.

Further, it has an endangered sea mammal, Steller Sea Lion, and other marine animals. Bears, mountain goats, and sheep are common land mammals roaming here.

Also, you will find birds like the American robins, Wilson’s warblers, and dark-eyed junco in this national park.

What Is The Highest Peak In Wrangell-St. Elias?

Mount St. Elias is the highest peak in Wrangell-St. Elias. With a height of 18,008 feet, it is also the second-highest peak in North America.

Having said that, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park celebrates the presence of four major mountain ranges in the world. It has the eastern part of the Alaskan Range, St. Elias, Chugach, and Wrangell.

Why Is Wrangell-St. Elias Protected?

Wrangell-St. Elias is protected to “preserve and protect ecological integrity and heritage resources of a vast ecosystem in south-central Alaska, while providing for public use in a wilderness setting.”

So, it is protected to preserve the local geology and diversity of the landscape with glaciers, volcanoes, and wetlands. It is also a measure to preserve wildlife and its inhabitants.

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Sibashree Bhattacharya

Meet Sibashree Bhattacharya, a travel enthusiast who has a decade-long experience in transcending virtual barriers with her words! Her deep love for travel is apparent from her travel escapades to the mountain, often taking her readers on a journey, her words acting as Portkey! Fun fact: Sibashree loves to dive deep into the history of the places she is about to visit, making her travels even more wholesome. If you were wondering how her articles are not short of time travel, this answers it!

Best Mediterranean Cruises 2025 Destinations Right Here!

BY sagnika Feb 25, 2025

If you are planning a relaxing and luxurious vacation, you must book a cruise! Imagine having all kinds of amenities such as restaurants, pools, entertainment, and fun areas in a floating hotel or resort. Well, that is how you will feel when you book your spot on the best Mediterranean cruises 2025! Yes, you might face some issues if you have motion sickness especially if the sea or the ocean is choppy. However, in most cases, cruise ships are so big that there is minimal movement along with recent times technology, the stabilization technology. Let us explore more about some of the best cruises if you are making plans for February vacation ideas. Furthermore, you can choose a bit of both worlds, some adventurous activities and some leisure time! Best Mediterranean Cruises 2025 Destinations Right Here! If you are planning to go on a cruise vacation, nothing better than the Mediterranean cruises! Celebrity cruises bring you the perfect combination of beautiful scenery, dazzling ports, glamorous activities, and delicious cuisine in the form of Mediterranean cruises. If you are planning to immerse yourself in the historical culture of the Greeks, Romans, Persians, and others, this is the one way to go about it. What is more? Fruits, vegetables, grains, wheat, and olive oil represent the Mediterranean like no other! Have you always wanted to visit the Parthenon in Athens or the Colosseum in Rome? Well, what are you waiting for, book yourself a romantic holiday on the best Mediterranean Cruises. Discover the beautiful scenic views and experience the exotic locales and cuisine. 1. Greece Cruises Want to explore the turquoise-blue waters along the white beaches? After all, Greece and the Greek Islands have some of the best views that nature can offer. Additionally, the historical and cultural heritage of the destination is known worldwide attracting visitors everywhere. You can explore a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Rhodes, visit the temple of Athena Lindia, or walk across the ruins of Kamiros. If you are someone who loves palaces and old historical places, you have gotta go to the Palace of Knossos and the Palace of Phaestos. Simultaneously, how can you miss visiting the Acropolis in Athens? Of course, there are several beautiful beaches adjoining small coastal towns offering you picturesque harbors in Mykonos, Santorini, and Corfu. 2. Spain Cruises You can visit Barcelona, a place known for its football and cuisine while on the Spain Cruise. Departing from the US, one of the cruise companies, Celebrity Cruises, will take you on the ride of a lifetime. The trip will mostly be anywhere from seven to sixteen days itinerary. Furthermore, you can explore Portugal along with Spain on some cruises, so decide and accordingly make bookings. The cultural diversity you will experience when you get off the cruise for day trips or excursions will blow your mind. Additionally, the architectural heritage at the Giralda in Seville and the Alhambra in Granada will win your heart. Making a memory for a lifetime, you can go on exciting hikes around the active volcanoes and the calderas in the Canary Islands. 3. Croatia Cruises If you want both mountains and oceans together, I have the perfect destination for you, especially when you are booking some of the best Mediterranean cruises 2025. The city, Dubrovnik, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site which you must visit. With charming streets flanked by mountains on one side and on the other side, the Mediterranean. There is Modra Spilja Cave and Rector’s Palace in the location which you can visit once the cruise docks at the port. Simultaneously, the cruise will also take you to Split, an ancient Roman city. The seafront businesses and cafes are perfect for you if you love spending time looking at beautiful views and eating local cuisine such as Arabasici, Dalmatinska Pasticada, and Soparnik. 4. France Cruises The minimum days for which you can go on a French cruise is three days, and it can go up to seven days. There are a few companies that function in the French Riviera namely Princess, Avalon Waterways, Viking, and others. Are you someone who enjoys architecture? Then you must go for one of these best Mediterranean cruises 2025. You must visit the 19th-century Romanesque-Byzantine Basilica, Notre Dame de la Garde, on your tour to Marseille. If you are an art lover, how can you forget the Mona Lisa at the Louvre? You can visit when you are on the cruise with France as your destination. Apart from taking a stroll across the open-air market and art galleries in towns like St. Paul-de-Vence and Baux-de-Provence. Lastly, you must visit the delicious bakeries offering you flaky croissants and creamy cheese-filled cakes. Known for their patisserie shops, you must try out those pastel-colored macarons. 5. Rome Cruises Rome is known as the “Eternal City” for travelers all around the world! Starting from the port of Civitavecchia. The Rome cruise organizes beautiful trips including excursions where you will get immersed in the culture and the practices. Whether it is the Baroque Trevi Fountain or the ancient Roman Colosseum, you must experience these beautiful places. After all, Rome Cruises is not just historically perfect but inspiring if you want to book one of the best cruises for families. Do you know anything about the Cappella Sistina by Michelangelo? You can see that as well if you visit Vatican City with the beautiful Vatican museums! After all the place is known for its art scene. Are you someone who likes taking strolls on the streets when visiting a new place? When your cruise docks at the port, you can take a walk along the Tiber. Additionally, you can check out the Sant'Angelo castle. 6. Israel and Egypt Cruises One of the best Mediterranean cruises in 2025, if you have any plans to go on a cruise, this should be it for you. Nile and Egypt are known for their splendor with ancient wonders like Luxor’s Valley of Kings, Kom Ombo’s temples, and the High Dam. There are bustling markets in Egypt and Israel where you can go for strolling! There are other exciting port cities and museums, which you can visit when you are going on the excursion from the cruise. You will be getting a relaxed environment along with diverse cuisine and a lot of activities! 7. Malta Cruises You can book the Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) to visit Valletta, Malta, offering you a beautiful view of the world. You will fall in love with the place when exploring the museums, and historic sites such as St. John’s Co-Cathedral and check out the Baroque art. There are several limestone architectures as the Mediterranean Sea surrounds it with the sun shining all year round. When you travel on the cruise, you will love the view along with enjoying yourself on the sandy beaches. You can go swimming, sunbathing and hiking on these beaches. You can also visit the Grandmaster’s Palace while you can see the Grand Harbor from your cruise. If you know kayaking or want to learn about it, it can be an adventure for you when you go on a cruise trip. 8. Italy Cruises The Mediterranean cruises that take you to Italy offer natural and cultural opportunities for all. The long coastline is one of the most beautiful places and the cruises will cover several well-known cities such as Rome, Venice, Naples, Siracusa, Genoa, and others. It is one of the best places to travel in Europe! For example, there is a cruise company, MSC Cruises, that creates your tour package including land excursions apart from traveling by sea. So, the cruise takes you to Trieste along with Miramare Castle, Lecce, Matera, and Alberobello in Basilicata Puglia and others. You cannot miss visiting the gateway to Florence along with Pisa. Whether you want to travel to the best places to visit in February or try to book some of the best cruises for Couples, you must include Italy in your itinerary as a destination. Let’s Pack our Bags and Go... After all, when you are done packing your bags and booking your cruise, I am sure you will make a list of things you want to do. When returning from any one of these continents, be it Greece France, or Italy, you will always remember them. Comment below about which one of the cruises you are going to book when making travel plans. Additionally, you can also share with you cruise trips that have won your heart.

What Are The Best São Tomé Eco-Lodges? A Fusion Of Luxury And Sustainability

BY Sibashree Oct 29, 2025

São Tomé and Príncipe is about to take a significant step in developing a sustainable tourism sector. The sustainable tourism sector will be further well-balanced in terms of the economic indicators. The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) and the United Nations Resident Coordinator’s Office will support this move. In this context, the country will hold a United Voices for Sustainable Tourism dialogue on 30th October 2025, and there will be a technical validation workshop on 29th October. It will be the second phase of the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) Development Project that will give São Tomé and Príncipe a strategic tool to measure the economic contribution of tourism to the nation’s wealth. Thus, it will establish why leveraging tourism is crucial for the sustainable development and economic diversification of the country. Furthermore, the latest workshop before this dialogue, held on 15th to 18th September 2025, has highlighted the 11% contribution of the country’s tourism sector to the GDP and 10% of the Gross Value Added (GVA). With the country taking a step forward in sustainable tourism, the São Tomé eco-lodges are also going to play a critical role. With the use of renewable energy, community involvement, local sourcing, and sustainable architecture, these lodges are also helping us to travel green. In this blog, I will introduce the popular and lesser-known São Tomé eco-lodges, what practices they follow, the hidden gems of São Tomé and Príncipe, and more. What Makes An Eco-Lodge In São Tomé Truly Sustainable? Before diving into the list, let’s define what sets a true eco-lodge apart: Renewable energy sources (solar, hydro) Local sourcing of food and materials Waste reduction and water conservation Community involvement and fair employment Eco-certifications or transparent sustainability practices Popular São Tomé Eco-Lodges The best eco-lodges in São Tomé and Príncipe for sustainable travel are committed to preserving the community and nature of the islands. Many of these eco-lodges also support conservation efforts and organize nature walks to help the visitors understand the local ecosystem. Nevertheless, here are the most popular ones. 1. Omali Lodge (São Tomé) View this post on Instagram A post shared by dr. András Peres (@drandrasperes) With policies governed by the Biosphere Responsible Tourism standards, Omali Lodge. It has the Biosphere Responsible Tourism certification. It is a leader of sustainable tourism in São Tomé and Príncipe. Local artists and craftsmen are involved in the operations of the Omali Lodge, staying true to its commitment to community development. Furthermore, the menu here focuses on national dishes prepared with locally-sourced ingredients. However, it offers adequate Wi-Fi connectivity. So, if you are not looking for a complete digital detox and want to work remotely, then it is also a good choice. 2. Bom Bom Island Resort (Príncipe) View this post on Instagram A post shared by Maria Helena Vinhas Frade (@mhvf) The Bom Bom Island Resort is the first African hotel to receive the Biosphere certification from the Instituto de Turismo Responsable (ITR). Currently, the main aim of the hotel is to go completely diesel-free in its daily operations. The hotel has 68 local workers, as Sérgio Duarte has mentioned in a recent conversation with the Sustainability Leaders United. Furthermore, the hotel procures resources from the local producers. Also, it collects donations from the guests to invest in employee training programs. Thus, it helps in educating and empowering the community. The experiences it offers are: Turtle watching Maria Correia waterfall trail hiking Birdwatching Parrot Peak trail hiking Roça Infante trail hiking Stand-up paddleboarding Snorkeling It is also a friendly accommodation for digital nomads with Wi-Fi connectivity, included within the accommodation package. Moreover, the main part of the resort is wheelchair-accessible. So, it is one of the accessible eco-lodges in São Tomé and Príncipe. 3. Praia Inhame Eco Lodge (São Tomé) View this post on Instagram A post shared by PATRÍCIA PINHEIRO (@patrwisha) Claimed to be “Naturally Comfortable,” Praia Inhame Eco Lodge is one of the best eco-lodges with turtle watching in São Tomé. A local NGO, MARAPA, runs the Tatô Program to protect marine turtles in São Tomé. Praia Inhame Eco Lodge has been working with this NGO since 2012. It has helped the NGO to implement this program on Inhame and Cabana beaches. The wilderness and outdoor activities offered by this eco lodge are: Marine turtle observation Whale watching Birdwatching Diving Fishing Boat trips Moreover, places such as Hell's Mouth, Saint Sebastian Museum, St. Nicholas Waterfall, St. Thomas Peak, and Jale Beach are some nearby attractions of this eco-lodge. In addition, it is one of the São Tomé eco-lodges with Wi-Fi connectivity. So, it is also a favorite of digital nomads who can travel and work remotely. 4. Sundy Praia (Príncipe Island) View this post on Instagram A post shared by HBD Príncipe (@hbd_principe) Sundy Praia has a dedicated team for waste management and recycling. Furthermore, it leads community cleaning drives to spread awareness about the impact of litter. Also, the “screw-in” mechanism of the eco lodge’s architecture ensures a minimal impact on the environment of the island. Moreover, located inside the beachside rainforest, it is indeed an eco lodge. The experiences it offers are: Turtle watching Maria Correia waterfall trail hiking Birdwatching Parrot Peak trail hiking Roça Infante trail hiking Stand-up paddleboarding Snorkeling Moreover, you can be a part of the 3-hour Discover Santo António tour. Also, it is a favorite of digital nomads for Wi-Fi connectivity. In addition, Sundy Praia offers wheelchair accessibility to make the travel experience more inclusive. 5. Roça Sundy (Príncipe) View this post on Instagram A post shared by Nina Scott (@nina.wolfs.scott) As part of the Príncipe Collection, like Sundy Praia and Bom Bom, Roça Sundy also follows that when you visit it, you make a Conservation and Communities Contribution (CCC). You spend a night here, and they will contribute €25 for the environmental and community development of Príncipe. In addition, nearly 10% of the adults of Príncipe work with them. Moreover, the experiences it offers are: Turtle watching Maria Correia waterfall trail hiking Birdwatching Parrot Peak trail hiking Roça Infante trail hiking Stand-up paddleboarding Snorkeling 6. Mucumbli Lodge (São Tomé) View this post on Instagram A post shared by Mucumbli Explore (@mucumbli.explore) Mucumbli Lodge overlooks the Atlantic Ocean, and it offers the quintessential eco-lodge experience with wooden chalets. Furthermore, due to its unique location, it is one of the best remote eco-lodges for digital detox in Africa. Lesser-Known Accommodations Following The Best Sustainable Practices In São Tomé And Príncipe Island The options for São Tomé eco-lodges are more varied than you can expect. Here are the lesser-known ones or the hidden gems. 1. Jalé Ecolodge (São Tomé) View this post on Instagram A post shared by IATI Seguros PORTUGAL (@iatisegurospt) Jalé Ecolodge offers beautiful sea views from all units. You can enjoy snorkeling nearby and have the best continental breakfast sourced from local ingredients. 2. Roca Monte Forte (São Tomé) It is the first rural tourism place to open in São Tomé. Here, you will be staying inside a cocoa plantation with history, and you will lead the quintessential Santomean farm life. Furthermore, it offers easy access to nearby beaches in the northern area, such as Governador, Tamarindos, Conchas, and Blue Lagoon. 3. Domus Praia Jalé (São Tomé) View this post on Instagram A post shared by Domus Praia Jalé (@domuspraiajale) Domus Praia Jalé is the best location if you want to have good food and relax in nature. It has an on-site restaurant serving international delicacies made with local ingredients. Also, they have a private beach where you can relax and listen to the waves. Seasonal Travel Tips For Staying At The Eco Lodges In São Tomé and Príncipe June to September, or the dry season, is the best time to stay at the eco-lodges in São Tomé and Príncipe for mild weather conditions and wildlife watching. 1. For Whale Watching Bom Bom Island Resort in Príncipe and Mucumbli in São Tomé are some of the best eco-lodges for whale watching. July to October is the whale watching season here. 2. For Sea Turtle Nesting Praia Inhame Eco Lodge in São Tomé and Bom Bom Island Resort in Príncipe are the best eco-lodges for seeing turtle nesting. November to March is the ideal time for this experience. Budget Breakdown: What Is The Average Cost Per Night At Eco Lodges In São Tomé and Príncipe? Here is a cost comparison between eco-lodges, not budget-friendly options. Find out the budget eco-lodges in the islands. Name of the Eco-LodgeApproximate Cost Per Night/ Per Person (€)Omali Lodge222Bom Bom Island Resort250Praia Inhame Eco Lodge95Sundy Praia420Roça Sundy150Mucumbli Lodge45Jalé Ecolodge55 5-Day Sustainable Travel Itinerary In São Tomé And Príncipe Here is a quick 5-day sustainable travel itinerary in São Tomé and Príncipe. DaysActivitiesDay 1• Staying at Omali Lodge• Visiting São Tomé city center and local marketsDay 2• Transfer to Mucumbli Lodge• Guided hiking and cacao farm visitDay 3• Moving to Praia Inhame Eco Lodge• Evening turtle tourDay 4• Flight to Príncipe• Staying at Sundy Praia• Exploring a biosphere reserveDay 5• Visiting Roça Sundy• Cultural tour and local lunch Hidden Gems In São Tomé And Príncipe If you want a deeper, more authentic connection to the islands’ nature, culture, and history, you must explore these hidden gems. 1. Malanza Mangrove Canoe Tour: Ideal For Nature Lovers And Photographers View this post on Instagram A post shared by Santo Tomé y Príncipe ESP (@santotomeyprincip) Take a canoe ride through the mangrove forests of southern São Tomé. It is a delightful eco-tour through waterways blessed by lush greenery, endemic flora, and a vibrant birdlife. 2. Pico Cão Grande: Enjoy The Best View From The Obo National Park Trails Pico Cão Grande is the most dramatic natural view you will enjoy here. This volcanic plug, with a height of 663 meters, is almost surreal. 3. Ilhéu Das Rolas And The Equator Marker: Best For Beach Lovers And Geography Buffs View this post on Instagram A post shared by Viagem a São Tomé (@viagem.a.saotome) Ilhéu Das Rolas is a small island off the south of São Tomé. You can take a boat ride here to stand on the equator line. Also, you can explore the pristine beaches here and have a delightful snorkeling experience. 4. Roça São João Dos Angolares: Great For Cultural Immersion And Sustainable Tourism Roça São João Dos Angolares is an eco lodge that was formerly a plantation. It is also a cultural center. It offers cooking classes, storytelling events with local artists, and art exhibitions. 5. Boca Do Inferno (Hell’s Mouth): Visit During High Tide For Full Effect This dramatic blowhole on the southern coast of São Tomé is the perfect example of juxtaposition. Here, the waves kiss the volcanic cliffs with the water jets reaching the sky. 6. Praia Jalé Turtle Nesting Site Find the sea turtles nesting here during the November to March season. Praia Inhame Eco Lodge in São Tomé and Bom Bom Island Resort in Príncipe are the best places for watching turtle nesting. 7. Nova Estrela Viewpoint (Príncipe Island): Ideal For Sunrise Hikes And Drone Photography View this post on Instagram A post shared by HBD Príncipe (@hbd_principe) It is a beautiful viewpoint offering panoramic vistas of the rainforest and coastline of Príncipe. 8. Roça Água Izé: Offers Insight Into The Island’s Colonial Past View this post on Instagram A post shared by Francisco Almada Lobo (@almadalobo) It is an abandoned cacao plantation and is almost haunted. It stands out with its overgrown gardens and colonial architecture. 9. Whale Watching Off Príncipe: Best Enjoyed With Snorkeling And Diving Trips Humpback whales migrate to Príncipe through the waterways from July to September. Be a part of eco tours for respectful and sustainable viewing opportunities. 10. Rainforest Retreats At Sundy Praia: Perfect For Eco-Travelers Seeking Tranquility View this post on Instagram A post shared by Ramosdafrica (@ramosdafrica) Sundy Praia is a luxury tented villa in the rainforest of Príncipe. Enjoy yoga, guided nature walks, and conservation education. São Tomé And Príncipe Travel Planning Checklist Here is a list of things to do and things to avoid while planning a trip to São Tomé Eco-Lodges. Things to DoThings to Avoid• Checking visa requirements with the São Tomé embassy or consulate based on your nationality• Checking the availability of the co-lodges and booking them in advance• Plan your visit between June and October for wildlife watching.• Pack breathable clothing, reef-safe sunscreen, insect repellent, and rain gear• Bring malaria prophylaxis, basic meds, and travel insurance.• Check the requirements for a yellow fever vaccination.• Consider the limited availability of domestic flights to Príncipe and book early.• Not all eco-lodges offer transfers. You may have to take shared minibuses and taxis. • Carry some Dobra (STN) for transactions in rural areas. • Portuguese is the official language.• Kafuka or community gatherings are special here.• Avoid single-use plastics and respect wildlife viewing guidelines.• Support community-led tours, conservation projects, and local artisans• Save maps, lodge contacts, and embassy info offline before arrival, as some places will have limited network connectivity.• Not all “eco-lodges” are truly sustainable.• Not looking for transparency in energy use, waste management, and community impact.• Not carrying Dobra (STN) or Euros in cash, as ATMs are limited and not all facilities accept cards.• Medical facilities are basic. So, not having travel insurance with medical coverage or not carrying a medical care box can be a big mistake. • Missing out on the local cooking classes or visiting the villages is a mistake. • Using single-use water bottles and leaving litter everywhere São Tomé Eco-Lodges Are More Than Just Places To Stay Supporting local communities Supporting environmental development Protecting biodiversity Experiencing the authentic charm of the islands These are the benefits of staying in the best São Tomé eco lodges. Furthermore, these lodges are diverse and they offer luxury, simplicity, or cultural immersion in the most responsible way. So, get ready for the most immersive experience at the best São Tomé eco lodges!

A DIY Jaffna Food Tour: A Culinary Guide To Sri Lanka’s North

BY Sibashree Jan 5, 2026

For me, the Jaffna food tour was like walking into the locals' way of life. If the Jaffna temples show how the city is sincere about its culture, the food, and the art of having it, they show how rooted the entire Tamil community in Jaffna is. How they mix the rice and curry with their right hands and consume the food is an art you will love, and it is the way to truly appreciate the flavor profile. Furthermore, Jaffna has maintained its spicy soul in food despite years of colonization by European forces and civil wars. The Tamil cuisine here is not similar to the coconut-milk-rich curries you find in South India. Also, they use roasted spice powder instead of raw ones. From the first bite, my taste buds knew it, and the no-frills service at restaurants made me feel comfortable and concentrate only on the steaming hot food. So, do you want to try these authentic Jaffna dishes and experience how this Northern Sri Lankan city preserves an authentic Tamil culture? Read my complete Jaffna Sri Lanka Travel Guide, where I talk about an inclusive and hospitable city. Jaffna Food Tour For Breakfast: What To Eat And Where To Eat? The streets of Jaffna smell of freshly made Indiappa, steamed rice noodle nests, and Puttu, a steamed cylinder of rice flour and coconut. The acidic and mildly sweet taste of these dishes goes well with spicy black chickpea curries, Pol Sambol, and Onion Sambol. You can also definitely have Pol Roti or coconut Roti and Dosas for breakfast. Here are the places that you can visit for breakfast in Jaffna. 1. Malayan Café: The Old World Charm View this post on Instagram A post shared by りかරිකා (@rk_itooo) The Malayan Cafe at C Ponnampalam Road is the best place to have Indiappa in Jaffna. It tastes great with Pol Sambol and Sothi or coconut milk gravy. This eatery has marble tables and old photos on display. So, it almost feels like time travel. It remains open from 7:30 AM to 9 PM, and on Saturdays, it opens at 8:30 AM. They served me food on banana leaves and in steel utensils. Also, remember that they only accept cash. You must make a visit to the Malayan Cafe a part of your Jaffna travel itinerary. 2. The Red Rice Puttu Experience I tried the red rice puttu at a small local eatery. These eateries are called Saapadu Kades in the local language. I was blown away by the earthy and subtly sweet taste of the puttu. The spicy chickpea curry perfectly complemented it. I also tried some Babat (Tripe) curry and fish kool. The Lunch Stops And Specials The food of Jaffna and Northern Sri Lanka has become so popular that Peter Kuruvita now conducts a food tour of the region. A tour of the Jaffna Market and attending the local cultural dance here is a prominent part of his food tour itinerary. However, this tour offered by the Australian Chef is expensive, and you will have to spend between AUD 1885 and 6720 to be a part of the tour. As a budget traveler, you can see much more and experience the food scene here better by walking around the city and talking to the locals. There is so much authenticity in these DIY tours. Also, one great thing about the lunch staples in Jaffna is the variety. While the crab curry gets all the glory, there is something very comforting about the Sattvik food served here, including rice, different types of curries, and dal. Let’s find out what to eat and where to eat. 1. Jaffna Crab Curry Jaffna crab curry is just the way I want to have the crab. It needs to be spicy and hot without adulterating the authentic taste of a crab. I had the crab curry at Cosy Hotel & Restaurant on Stanley Road. However, let me tell you that Cosy Hotel is expensive, and I did not mind because we were a group of 5, travelers bonded over food, and our local guide. If you are traveling solo, the pocket-pinch will be around USD 20. You can even try the crab curry at the small eateries in the streets of Jaffna. They don’t “look” impressive, and you may raise eyebrows about the hygiene. Still, they serve piping hot food, and the locals have it. So, they are safe. 2. Vegetarian Thali On A Banana Leaf At Nallur Bhavan During my temple visit in Jaffna, I found the Nallur Bhavan very close to the Nallur Kovil. They serve Sattvik food on banana leaves and in steel plates. Most people were having Dosa here. However, I had some Chilli Kothu Parotta, and it was yum. For a more comforting and filling experience, you can try rice with rasam and different types of sabzi here. The restaurant opens from 7 AM to 10 PM, and you can contact them at +94-212225556. Evening Snacks And Cool Downs In Jaffna The evenings in Jaffna are suitable for ice creams and snacks like Vadai. Check out where to find them. 1. Rio Ice Cream View this post on Instagram A post shared by Rio Ice Cream (@official.rioicecream) Rio Ice Cream at Point Pedro Road is an iconic institution if you want to try the signature Jaffna-style dessert. The Special Rio Sundae with neon jelly, nuts, and ultra-sweet syrup is out of this world. It’s great for me or anyone with a sweet tooth, but if you are up for something milder, it may be too sweet to appease your cravings. The Rathinam Industrial Organisation (RIO) opened its doors in 1970. So, tasting the ice cream here is like cherishing the 55-year-old heritage of a city. So, what Rio offers is nostalgia and not a gourmet experience. Don't go to Rio Ice Cream expecting Italian Gelato. It is sugary, gelatinous, and nostalgic. Go for an authentic Jaffna cultural experience of seeing 500 locals enjoying it on a Friday night. 2. Point Pedro Vadai View this post on Instagram A post shared by JNS Kitchen 🔵 (@jns.kitchen) This is a deep-fried savory snack that comes in a disc shape. It is a crispier, crunchier, and thinner version of the South Indian Vada you have been eating so far. Also, with each bite of the vadai, you will get a taste of chillies, whole cumin, and curry leaves. The street carts near the Nallur Temple are the best places to buy these Point Pedro Vadai. Point Pedro has some of the most beautiful beaches in Jaffna. Relish the snack with the pleasant sea breeze. Dinner In Jaffna Are you looking for something comforting and hearty for dinner in Jaffna? Let’s gorge on Odiyal Kool and Dosa. 1. Odiyal Kool Or The Seafood Soup View this post on Instagram A post shared by Kandy Bites by Chef Ceylon (@kandy_bites_) This is the dish that makes you understand the power of slow cooking in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. It is Jaffna’s take on seafood soup with palmyra root flour, crab, cuttlefish, and prawns as the main ingredients. Odiyal Kool is not fast food. It is a slow-cooked seafood bisque thickened with Palmyra flour. It takes around 3-4 hours to cook Odiyal Kool. So, if you want to have it for dinner, you must pre-order. 2. Dosa Jaffna serves many other variations of Dosa, along with the typical Plain Dosa and Masala Dosa we are familiar with. For a richer culinary experience, you can try the Ghee roast Dosa. Also, you can choose a healthier version with Siri Dhaniya, made with multiple millets. Adai Dosa is a protein-rich variation of Dosa with ingredients such as Urad Dal, Channa Dal, and Toor Daal. It has dried cumin and chillies. Kondakadalai Dosa is a different take on the Adai Dosa, and here, kondakadalai or white chickpeas are the main ingredients. Vegan Food Options In Jaffna Some authentic vegetarian dishes in Jaffna are also vegan. So, if you are a vegan and you want to try the authentic local food, Jaffna will be your paradise. You can have steamed rice and curry made with long beans, drumsticks, spinach, and dhai. These coconut-milk-based curries are simple and flavorful. Dosa and Idli are, of course, the Tamil staple any vegan can eat. These are made using rice and lentils. Ponggal, a savory rice dish, and pumpkin and tapioca dishes are the other variations you can try in Jaffna. Nallur Bhavan and Malayan Cafe are the two reliable places to have vegan food in Jaffna. Essential Jaffna Food Vocabulary Want to know about the local names of Jaffna food and their spice levels? Have a look at the table below. Tamil Name (தமிழ்)English DescriptionSpicy Levelசோறு (Sōru)Steamed RiceNoneகறி (Kari)Spicy Curry with Vegetables/Fish/Chicken/Meat/Crabs and Other SeafoodMild to Hotமீன் குழம்பு (Mīn Kuzhambu)A Fish Curry with Spices and TamarindHotநண்டு குழம்பு (Naṇḍu Kuzhambu)Jaffna Crab CurryVery Hotஇறால் கறி (Iṟāl Kari)Prawn CurryMedium to Hotகோழி கறி (Kōḻi Kari)Chicken CurryMedium to Hotஆட்டு கறி (Āṭṭu Kari)Mutton/Goat CurryMedium to Hotஒடியல் கூழ் (Odiyal Kūḻ)Palmyrah Root Flour Rich Seafood SoupMildஒடியல் பிட்டு (Odiyal Pittu)Steamed Palmyrah Flour & Coconut DishNoneபிட்டு (Pittu)Steamed Rice Flour and Coconut DishNoneதோசை (Dōsai)A Crispy Pancake Made with Fermented Rice PasteNone (Can be Customized)இடியாப்பம் (Idiyāppam)String Hoppers or Rice NoodlesNoneசாம்பார் (Sāmbār)A Lentil and Vegetable Curry with Tamarid Pulp. Ideal for Having with Dosa, Idli, or Rice.Mild to Mediumரசம் (Rasam)Tamarind and Pepper Soup to be Had with Rice or Idlis. Mildசம்பல் (Sambal)A Relish Made of Chillies and Fresh CoconutHotதேங்காய் சம்பல் (Thēṅgāy Sambal)Coconut SambalMedium to Hotபால்சம்பல் (Pāl Sambal)Sambal with Coconut MilkMediumவறுவல் (Varuval)Dry-fried Seafood or MeatHotபொரியல் (Poriyal)Stir-fried Vegetables Mildஅப்பம் (Appam)Fermented Rice HoppersNoneவடை (Vadai)Deep-fried Lentil FrittersMild to Medium A DIY Jaffna Food Tour: Listen To What The Experts Are Saying Are you planning to have Indiappa or string hopper for lunch or dinner? You may not find them unless you have pre-ordered somewhere. It is a breakfast staple. So, when you are new to Jaffna, you need to be familiar with the local customs about food and eating. 1. You Cannot Fear The Ghee In Jaffna Jaffna Dosas, in many restaurants, are served drenched in ghee. The use of ghee or clarified butter makes the dish more flavorful and richer. It also makes the Dosas more filling. 2. The “Bone” Warning When you are having chicken or mutton curry in Jaffna, you will get pieces chopped with bones in them. The bones release the flavor into the curry, and sucking the marrow out of the bone (for mutton) is the ultimate pleasure the locals relish. So, you must be mindful while chewing your food. 3. Wash Your Hands Before You Sit Jaffna can be yout guide for “Eating with Hands 101.” Every hotel or restaurant has a wash basin so that you can wash your hands thoroughly before or after eating your food. If you are confused about how to eat the mix of rice and daal, follow how the locals are doing it. 4. Jaffna Foods Are Really Spicy Jaffna foods are hot and spicy. So, if you have a poor stomach, a buttermilk drink (Chanch) or lassi (sweet buttermilk) is going to be your savior. Also, always choose the “mild” option. In fact, the dishes in Jaffna are way spicier than the ones in Colombo. Foods that are red hot in Colombo are labelled as “medium spicy” in Jaffna. 5. Point Pedro Vadai Lasts Weeks Point Pedro Vadai are harder and crispier. So, unlike the soft vadai, which becomes inedible in a day, the Point Pedro Vadai lasts more than a week. So, these are even great for carrying when you are traveling. You can also take these snacks back home as souvenirs. 6. Look For The "Hotel" Sign Small restaurants in Jaffna or Sri Lanka are often labelled as hotels. These are humble places for having tea, snacks, lunch, or dinner. Do not expect any lodging facility there unless separately mentioned. 7. Sunday Closure Jaffna is fairly conservative. Many authentic local spots may close or have limited menus on Sundays or Poya days. Authority Voices On Jaffna Food: People Who Know It The Best “Jaffna cuisine is the untamed sibling of Sri Lankan food. The Crab Curry here isn't just a dish; it's a ceremony of spice and sweat.” - Peter Kuruvita (Chef & Author). “The flavor of the roasted curry powder in Jaffna is unlike anything else in the world. It hits you with an aroma that is deep, smoky, and incredible.” - Mark Wiens (Food Vlogger). Jaffna Food Tour: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Here are the frequently asked questions and answers about the Jaffna food tour. 1. What Is The Most Famous Dish In Jaffna? Jaffna crab curry is the most famous dish in Jaffna. It is cooked using murunga or drumstick leaves. Also, the curry is fiery with roasted spices. However, for a more comforting experience, Odiyal Kool or the slow-cooked seafood is a close second for me. While this soup is also quite spicy, the spiciness is balanced with the use of tamarind pulp and jackfruit seeds, tapioca, and long beans, which add flavors and texture to the dish. 2. Is Jaffna Food Suitable For Vegetarians? Yes, due to the strong presence of Hindu Culture, Jaffna has suitable vegetarian and vegan options. You will find Rasam, different types of daal, curries, or Sabzies made with pumpkin, drumsticks, beans, chickpeas, tapioca, and more. Even the basic Idlis and Dosas are vegetarian and vegan-friendly food options. Nallur Bhavan, Mangos Indian, and Vishnu Bhavan are some of the best options for having vegetarian food in Jaffna. 3. Is The Food Spicier Than In The South? Yes, the food in Jaffna and the northern part of Sri Lanka is spicier than the food in the south. So, despite the use of coconut milk or tamarind pulp, your taste buds can have the heat of black pepper and dried chillies. So, what you say is fiery hot in Colombo is actually medium spicy in Jaffna. Also, the heat of the spice and the flavors are so prominent because the spices are first roasted and then turned into a paste before being used in curries. In this context, you must know that Jaffna Market is the ideal place for buying roasted spices and everything that makes Jaffna food stand out. Bring home essentials such as roasted curry powder, dried chillies, and palmyra jaggery. You can even enrich your kitchen by bringing home things like palmyra root flour and some tubar snacks home. 4. Where Can I Drink Alcohol With My Meal? Jaffna has a conservative society, and they are true to their culture. So, you will not find alcohol in the local eating houses. You have to visit hotels like the Valampuri Hotel or specific bars such as Machang Jaffna at Station Road if you want to have alcohol. Remember, alcohol in Jaffna is more expensive than in other parts of Sri Lanka. However, you can talk to the locals and try Arrack or local beer. 5. What Is Odiyal Kool? Odiyal Kool is a seafood soup and a dinner staple in Jaffna. This soup has vegetables, prawns, crabs, and a generous amount of roasted spices. The flavor balance in the soup comes from the use of coconut milk in the gravy. Also, the gravy is made thicker by adding palmyra root flour.Furthermore, this dish is made using a slow cooking method, and at least 3-4 hours are needed to make this dish. 6. Can I Drink The Tap Water? No, you cannot drink the tap water in Jaffna. There are chances of bacterial contamination. Furthermore, groundwater contamination is very common in the Jaffna Peninsula. There can be a massive presence of chemicals due to agricultural and other human activities. In addition, the groundwater of Jaffna has high limestone content. So, when you are in Jaffna, you must only drink packaged or bottled drinking water. 7. What Is The Best Time To Visit Malayan Café? The best time to visit Malayan Café is between 8:00 AM and 10:00 AM. It is the time for the freshest breakfast buzz.Also, having a glass of filter coffee here early in the morning can lead to a great start to your day. 8. How Much Does A Meal Cost In Jaffna? The cost of your meal in Jaffna will depend on the place you are having the food from. For example, if you are having Dosa or Vada from a street food vendor, it will cost around $1-2. Furthermore, if you are having a full crab curry meal at a decent budget-friendly restaurant, the cost will be around $10. 9. What Is "Jaffna Curry Powder"? You can identify Jaffna curry powder from its rich red color and strong aroma. The heat in this spice blend comes from the copious use of roasted red chillies, cloves, and black pepper. The earthy flavors these spice mixes bring come from the following roasted spices. • Turmeric• Black Pepper• Cumin• Coriander• Cardamom• Cinammon• Fennel• Fenugreek• ClovesYou can also add roasted mustard powder and roasted curry leaves paste to make the flavor profile even richer. This spice mix gives the food in Jaffna the signature heat and earthy taste. 10. Do I Need To Tip In Jaffna? If you are having food at small Kades or local street stalls, you can just round up the bill to show your appreciation. DosaHowever, if you are having food at Mangos or any other big restaurant here, a 10% tip is appreciated.

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