You Won’t Believe The Best Things To Do When In Fiji!

BY  Sibashree Jan 14, 2026

You think of the nature resorts, the famous wine tours, hiking, and birdwatching when we talk about exploring Tucumán. However, Tucumán has recently also emerged as an astrotourism hotspot.  The Ampimpa Astronomical Observatory in the Calchaquí Valleys of Tucumán is at the epicenter of this happening astrotourism scenario.  Now, this is an added feather to the crown of Tucumán, the smallest province of Argentina. It offers a vertical journey from the jungle to the desert in 50 kms.  Also, the nickname of Tucumán is not just a fancy phrase. It means a biological reality and refers to the historical event of Argentina’s independence from Spain in 1816.  Furthermore, El Jardín de la República, or the Garden of the Republic moniker, goes well with its subtropical climate and the lush landscape.   You guessed it right, as today, this Tucumán nature guide will take you to the Yungas Rainforest and the highlands of the Andes. Also, if you are planning a road trip, you must go through our Tucuman Argentina, itinerary. The Yungas Rainforest (The Green Belt) The Yungas Rainforest is known as the Green Belt, as it is an ecodiverse region. Home to a diverse flora and fauna, the Yungas Rainforest hosts a variety of bromeliads, orchids, and ferns.  Furthermore, among the animals here, you will find tapirs, wild cats, and panthers. You will even spot species such as Yungas Guan while birdwatching in Yungas, Argentina.  Also, it is home to the Campo Los Alisos in Tucumán, which helps to preserve the threatened ecosystem of the Yungas Rainforest region.  Moreover, containing around 50% of the biodiversity of Argentina, parts of the Yungas Rainforest are also marked as UNESCO Biosphere Reserves.  1. Parque Sierra De San Javier View this post on Instagram A post shared by Parque Sierra de San Javier (@parquesierradesanjavierunt) Parque Sierra de San Javier, or the San Javier Mountain Range Park, was established in 1974, and now the National University of Tucumán (UNT) maintains it.  It is one of the top nature reserves in Tucumán, Argentina.  The home to various flora and fauna of Argentina, this park also functions as the green lung by cleaning the air, protecting the watersheds for the city, and regulating the climate.  This park, furthermore, has many beautiful trails. You can enjoy an easy 30-minute jungle walk through the Cascada del Río Noque trail. If you are seeking silence while hiking in San Javier, Tucumán, you can opt for the Sendero Anta Yacu trek.  It is around 25 km west of Tucumán. If you are a budget traveler like me, you can take the Bus No 340 to reach the park.  2. Reserva Experimental Horco Molle View this post on Instagram A post shared by Asociación de Prestadores de Turismo Activo de Tucumán (@aptattucuman) This small but compact nature park is ideal for families. It is home to the tapir and condor rescue projects. It covers 600 acres and is just 15 km from the capital.  Also, it has picnic areas, barbecue areas, and play areas for children.  3. Aconquija National Park: The Untouched Wilderness View this post on Instagram A post shared by Parque Nacional Aconquija (@parquenacionalaconquija) Aconquija National Park, with over 600 species of endemic animals and birds, is the jewel of North America.  Taruca deer, puma, and ocelot are some of the endemic animals living here. In addition, you will find several Incan ruins scattered through the park. The Incan Highway remains, and the “Ciudacita” ruins are part of the UNESCO World Sites.  The Campo de los Aliso near Alpachiri is the main Aconquija National Park entrance. Furthermore, Cochuna is the wilder southern entrance of the Aconquija National Park.  Furthermore, the Mythical Trek of La Ciudacita, the Inca Ruins at 4400 meters, is the main highlight of this national park.   The High Andes & Puna (Tafí del Valle & Beyond) The harsh, cold conditions and a rich wildlife with the presence of vicuñas, flamingos are the highlighting features of the High Andes and Puna, at an altitude of 3000 meters.  This region has critical water resources that support livelihoods such as alpaca and llama. Let’s find out about the major nature reserves of this region.  1. Quebrada De Los Sosa Nature Reserve Take a drive up through Route 307 to find the Quebrada De Los Sosa Nature Reserve, where the jungle meets the clouds.  It is a 30 km-long gorge carved by the Los Sosa River, and it is home to more than 100 bird species.  With a winding pathway, it is also home to the Tafí del Valle. 2. Los Núñorcos & Reserva La Angostura Los Núñorcos, or the Cerro Núñorco mountain and Parque provincial Los Ñuñorcos are the prominent locations for hiking in Tucuman, Argentina.  As you explore the challenging trails here, you will enjoy a beautiful view of the Dique la Angostura lake and the Tafí del Valle. Tafí del Valle also has the Bald Mountain, or the Cerro El Pelao. You can start the trek near the Tafí del Valle center. It is a 1.5-hour-long trek.    Wildlife Watching Calendar In Tucuman, Argentina  Tucuman in Argentina is ideal for wildlife sightings throughout the year. Tafí del Valle and areas around Route 307, especially the best areas for wildlife spotting in Tucumán.  Check out the wildlife watching calendar in Tucuman below. Year-Round Sightings• Mammals: Capybaras, Some Foxes, and South American Sea Lions• Birds: Doves, Hummingbirds, and Toucans Spring (September to November) • Birds: Doves and Hummingbirds • Flowers: Pink Trumpets and Jacaranda treesSummer (December to February) • Mammals: Elephant Seals and Sea Lions• Birds: Penguins in Patagonia and Burrowing ParrotsAutumn (March to May)• Mammals: The Red Deer Rut• Birds: PigeonsWinter (June to August) • Reptiles: Yellow Anacondas• Birds: Waterfowl  What Are The Expert Tips For Hiking In Tucumán?  An entry to the Aconquija National Park is free. However, do you know that you have to register at the ranger station at least 48 hours in advance? It is crucial for the safety of the hikers. For more such insider knowledge, these expert tips will be very handy. 1. Bus #118 Is Your Friend  You don’t have to hire a car to see the jungle and the nature reserves. You can take the 118 bus from San Miguel de Tucumán directly to the foot of the San Javier trails.  The ticket price is even less than $1.  2. Watch The Fog (Neblina) The Fin del Mundo" statue area on route 307 is often the zero-visibility zone. There is dense fog in this area even at around 4 PM. You have to drive the car carefully, and there must be low beams to defeat the fog.  3. Ticks Exist In The Yungas  The lush greenery of the Yungas is ideal for picnics and nature exploration. However, there are ticks. So, you must check your ankles after a hike or use a blanket.  4. Hire A Guide For "La Ciudadacita" Are you planning a 4-day trek to La Ciudacita or the Inca Ruins? You must have a guide because the high altitude path, at an elevation of over 4000 meters, is unmarked. You need technical assistance for the navigation. Moreover, you must contact the Asociación Argentina de Guías de Montaña to hire a guide.  5. The "El Indio" Stop You will find the best dried meat or Charqui at the vendor stalls at the El Indio monument on Route 307. These stalls also have the best local honey.  Stop by these stalls and have the dried meat and honey for a great start to your hike.  6. The Waterfalls In Tucuman Are Seasonal  No Instagram reel will tell you that the waterfalls in Tucuman are seasonal. March to May, or the end of the rainy season, is ideal for visiting these waterfalls.  7. Beware Of The "Mala Mala" Local folklore speaks of the "Mala Mala" spirit in the mountains. Whether you believe it or not, respecting silence in nature is a huge part of the local culture. 8. No Cell Signal Once you pass the "El Indio" monument or enter Aconquija Park, your cell signal dies. Download offline maps (Maps.me or Google Maps) before leaving the city. 9. Condors Fly At Noon If you want to spot Andean Condors, look up between 11 AM and 1 PM when the thermal currents are strongest. They rarely fly early in the morning. Tucumán Nature Guide: Listen To The Authority Voices  Asociación Argentina de Guías de Montaña (AAGM): The Aconquija range is "one of the most undervalued trekking destinations in Argentina," offering Himalayas-like isolation without the crowds. Birding Ecotours (Global Operator) Rio Los Sosa is a prime spot for seeing the "Torrent Duck" (Pato de Torrente), a bird that can swim upstream in raging rapids. La Ruta Natural (Argentine Tourism Ministry) "Ruta de las Yungas" is a key scenic drive, highlighting the importance of driving slowly to spot the crossing fauna like the Corzuela (small deer). Tucumán Nature Guide: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Here are the frequently asked questions and answers about the Tucumán Nature Guide.  1. What Is The Best Time Of Year For Hiking In Tucumán? April to September, or the dry season, is ideal for hiking in Tucuman. The cool temperature is ideal for outdoor exploration. On the other hand, heavy summer rains make the trekking trails here dangerous and muddy.  2. Do I Need To Pay To Enter The Nature Reserves? The entry fee to the national parks depends on the specific administrative and management authority. For example, you don’t need to pay any entry fee for the Aconquija National Park. However, prior registration is crucial. Further, for Reserva Horco Molle, you will have to pay an entry fee of $2.  3. Is It Safe To Hike Alone? Yes, it is safe to hike alone on the well-marked trails of Tucuman, such as the Rio Noque or Funicular. However, if you are going to high-altitude summits or jungle treks, you will need a guide. It is more crucial because of the presence of the fog and the absence of signage.  4. Are There Snakes In The Yungas? Yes, the Yungas have pit vipers or Yarará. So, you wear long trousers and watch your steps. Furthermore, you must follow the trail marks properly to not disturb the habitats of the snakes or other wildlife.  5. How Do I Get To Aconquija National Park Without A car? It is difficult to reach the Aconquija National Park without a car. You have to first take a bus to Concepción and then a local bus to Alpachiri. From Alpachiri, it is another 10 km taxi ride to the park entrance.  6. Can I Camp In The Reserves Of Tucuman? Yes, Aconquija National Park has designated wild camping zones (like Puesto La Mesada). However, Sierra de San Javier does not allow camping. So, it is for day use only. 7. What Is The "Yungas"? The Yungas, or a cloud forest in Tucuman, Argentina, is a mountain rainforest. It functions as a connector between the Andes and the Amazon.It has ferns, moss, and high humidity.  8. Can I See Toucans In Tucuman? Yes, you can see toucans in Tucumán. In recent years, toucans have made a comeback in this region.You can spot them in the trees around San Javier and Horco Molle. 9. What Is Hiking Altitude In Tucuman?  Hiking in Tucumán covers a wide altitude range, from the lows of San Javier (around 600 to 1200 meters) to the moderate Tafí del Valle (2000m). Furthermore, the Aconquija high summits reach more than 5000 meters. 10. Is The Water In The Streams Safe To Drink In Tucuman? No, the water in the Tucuman streams is not drinkable even with a clear view. Cattle graze in the higher areas and thus make the water unsuitable for drinking. So, you have to use purification tablets or a filter for purified drinking water. 

BY  Sibashree Nov 20, 2025

We were lying in the Medlands Beach with the Milky Way arching overhead. No city lights! Only the sound of the waves kept us connected to this physical world. For me, it was not just the sky full of stars and constellations. These stars were the roadmap for our ancestors, irrespective of the culture and country we belong to. They watched the stars to keep time and decide the time of the year ideal for agriculture, harvesting, fishing, and hunting. In the Maori culture, Tohunga kōkōrangi, or specialist priests, had this deep astronomical knowledge, and they shared the knowledge with others. Also, there are myths and ancient stories about the stars, like the one with the Matariki cluster. This cluster is associated with the anger of Tāwhirimātea, the God of wine and storms. Being furious, he tore his eyes and threw them into heaven. There, his eyes became the Matariki stars. Overall, for the Maori tribes, the stars and constellations have been beyond celestial bodies for observation. They were a mix of spirituality, science, stories, and a way of living life. So, when the Great Barrier Island, New Zealand, became a Dark Sky Sanctuary in 2017, it celebrated ancestral connections and the role of the sky as a roadmap. And I visited Great Barrier Island in 2022. So, nature had its own reboot during and post the COVID-19 era. So, we could see the clearest sky. In this Great Barrier Island stargazing guide, I will talk about the best stargazing spots, stargazing tips, conservation etiquette, and more. Let’s explore the magic of the Aotea Dark Sky Sanctuary. A Deep Dive Into Māori Astronomy (Tātai Aroraki) And Legends: A Combination Of Science, Spirituality, And Culture When on the Great Barrier Island, it is important to see the stars and celestial bodies through a Maori lens. Also, during our Maori-guided stargazing tour, our guide chanted waiata, and he even used carvings (whakairo) and told stories to make the experience more interactive. He made us familiar with the key celestial figures and their Maori names. Furthermore, he explained how Maori people perceive different celestial phenomena. Major Celestial Figures And Their Significance In Maori Tradition  It is fascinating to see how Maori people connect the stars and celestial bodies with their traditional beliefs and stories.  1. Te Kahui O Kahu  The Te Kahui O Kahu constellation is the guardian of the sea and land. The stories of this constellation are important for teaching us the importance of being respectful to nature and protecting natural resources. 2. Matariki Or Pleiades Star Cluster  Matarikin is the most celebrated Māori constellation. When Matariki gets visible in the sky at dawn, it announces the arrival of the Māori New Year. It is time to gather, share stories, and plan for the year ahead for this local tribe. Also, according to traditional beliefs, the brighter the Matariki constellation shines, the better the year for harvesting and fishing.  3. Tautoru Or Orion Constellation  Tautoru symbolizes protection and power. It was significant for hunters and warriors. 4. Ngā Rā  The Milky Way or Ngā Rā is believed to be the pathway of ancestors in the Maori tradition. The ancestors use this pathway to travel between the worlds. Furthermore, in many interpretations, this is the pathway through which the spirits guide the departed souls to the afterlife. 5. Tāwhirimātea Or The Southern Cross  Tāwhirimātea is worshipped as the protector of the sea. In ancient times, the Maori sailors depended on this constellation to guide them across the Pacific Ocean. 6. Auroras Maori people worship auroras as the spirit of their loved ones or ancestors. They even think that auroras bear significant messages from the spiritual realm.  7. Bright Planets (Venus And Jupiter)  The appearance of these bright planets was associated with the everyday life of Maori people. The appearance of these planets is predictable, and that is why they are associated with timing ceremonies and navigation. Why Great Barrier Island Is A Stargazer’s Paradise?  With exciting hiking trails, pristine beaches, and an eco-conscious and off-grid lifestyle, the Great Barrier Island, New Zealand, is an ideal stargazing destination. With no ATMs, footpaths, or banks, the island has maintained a quiet existence. Furthermore, with low air and light pollution, the stars, the Milky Way, and other celestial bodies shine bright in the sky once the Sun goes down. In addition, around 60% of the island is protected by the Department of Conservation (DoC). So, it is home to many endemic plants, animals, and birds. So, it is also a bucket-list destination for nature and wildlife lovers. Moreover, each islander thinks of themselves as a kaitiaki or caretaker. Thus, it has successfully emerged as a zero-waste island, and biosecurity measures with designated spots for camping, hiking, and cleaning have made this island a sanctorium of sustainable practices and natural preservation. What Makes Aotea A Dark Sky Sanctuary?  The International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) has scientifically measured the darkness of the sky of the Great Barrier Island. The IDA further offers principles to protect the night sky through awareness and restricted lighting. "To be a Dark Sky Sanctuary, you need an mpsas [magnitude per square arc second] of 21.5, and we had an average of 21.79. Every step on that scale is twice as dark; Auckland is 18, so you can see 10 times more stars here than you can in Auckland.”  Hilde Hoven, from Good Heavens Dark Sky Experiences.  Furthermore, the darkness of the night sky of the Great Barrier Island is measured every year, and the report is sent to the International Dark Sky Association. In addition, the local people choose low-intensity lighting indoors and outdoors to adhere to the light pollution standards of the dark sky sanctuary. In addition, there are no street lights, and the entire island practices off-the-grid living to preserve it as a Dark Sky Sanctuary.  What Are The Best Stargazing Spots On Great Barrier Island, New Zealand?  The Great Barrier Island is one of the best stargazing spots in NZ. I had the most beautiful stargazing experience at Medlands Beach. However, Awana Beach and the Mount Hobson Summit are two other prominent locations for stargazing. 1. Medlands Beach  I was fortunate enough to be a part of the Good Heavens group stargazing experience on the sand dunes above Medlands Beach. We all had access to an 8-inch telescope to get up close and personal with the stars and planets. Furthermore, each of us had binoculars, and our guide used a laser light to point at the stars and planets and share their stories with us. Far from urban areas, Medlands Beach offers the best views of the night sky, and the gentle waves reflect the stars and planets. Here is a dark Sky photography guide for you if you are at Medlands Beach. You can use the contrast between the dunes and the vast sky to create a perfect composition for your picture. 2. Awana Beach  Awana Beach, one of the best beaches in Great Barrier Island, New Zealand, is a natural planetarium. The shoreline here is secluded, making it even more suitable for stargazing. Offering a clear view of the southern sky, Awana Beach is the best place to see the Milky Way on the Great Barrier Island. Furthermore, Awana Beach is the meeting ground of amateurs and professional astronomers. The beach gets more visitors during the following celestial and planetary activities. Planetary Alignments  Occasional Auroras  Lunar Eclipses  In addition, the tranquility of the place is ideal for experiencing stargazing as something beyond a visual spectacle. 3. Mount Hobson Summit  A hike to the Mount Hobson Summit ensures a brilliant stargazing experience. The summit is at a height of 627 meters, and thanks to the height, it is free of the atmospheric interference at the sea level or lower altitudes. Also, once you reach the summit after a walk of 2-3 hours, you will get a 360-degree view of the night sky and the Great Barrier Island. Furthermore, the height allows you to observe the Orion Nebula and other deep-sky objects with binoculars. 4. Kaitoke Hot Springs Kaitoke Hot Springs fuses relaxation with a fascinating stargazing experience. Imagine you are soaking in warm sulfur water pools, and the stars are shining the brightest over your head. It is a multisensory experience, with the crisp air caressing you, the warm water offering comfort, and the night sky presenting the ultimate cosmic display. Just a small tip. You must bring a waterproof laser light to see the stars without ruining the clarity or the darkness measure. 5. Windy Canyon  Windy Canyon already has that drama on the verge of being surreal, thanks to its unique geological formation. So, stargazing here feels magical, with the canyon itself functioning as a natural observatory. The clarity of the sky is so high here that even the faintest celestial bodies become visible. In addition, the Windy Canyon is accessible for all types of visitors as the walk is short and easy. What Are The Top Stargazing Tours & Experiences?  The Good Heavens stargazing tours and experiences are the best on the Great Barrier Island. It offers the following stargazing tours on the Great Barrier Island. 1. Heavens Above - Private Dark Sky Experience  This private dark sky experience is organized at your accommodation with a telescope, hot chocolate, and bean bags arranged by Good Heavens. They can also take you to the nearby beach. The charge is $1560 for a group of 2 to 12 people, and beyond that, the price will be on request. 2. Moon Walk - Group Star Gazing Experience  Moon Walks happen for a week every month. During this time, the Moon looks the biggest in the sky, and the Milky Way is less visible. The tour charge is $130 for adults and $65 for children below 13 years. 3. Look Up And Get Lost - Group Dark Sky Experience  This is a deep sky experience, and the tour continues for 1.5 hours. The charge for this tour is $130 for adults and $65 for children under 13. How To Enjoy Dark Sky Sanctuary On Great Barrier Island Without A Tour?  Are you on an independent stargazing tour on the Great Barrier Island? Consider the following Aotea stargazing tips. 1. Checking Weather Conditions  Clear Moonless nights are the best for a stargazing experience on the Great Barrier Island. However, if you want to go for a Moonwalk, expect lesser visibility of the Milky Way and the stars. 2. Finding A Dark Sky Spot  The beaches of the Great Barrier Island, New Zealand, are ideal for the ultimate stargazing experience. Know the dark sky spots and drive away from urban life to see the best cosmic display. 3. Bringing The Right Gear  On guided stargazing tours, the tour operators provide binoculars, telescopes, and red laser lights. If you are on a DIY tour, you will have to carry these essentials. 4. Using Stargazing Apps And Tools  You must use stargazing tools and apps for the best stargazing experience. The best is the free NASA app, and Astrospheric is another app known for brilliant forecasting. Furthermore, you can bring a star chart to locate and identify the stars and constellations. Astrophotography Tips For Beginners  The Medlands Beach and Awana Beach are two of the best beaches for reflection shots on the Great Barrier Island. Furthermore, here are some ideas about the essential equipment and camera modes for astrophotography on the Great Barrier Island, New Zealand.  Camera Mode Manual Aperture \(f/2.8\) or \(f/4\) ISO 3200 or 6400 Shutter Speed 15-25 Seconds Or, Divide 500 by the Focal Length of Your Lens File Format RAW or RAW + JPEG to Retain Better Color Data for Editing White Balance Manually Setting The White Balance to 4000 Kelvin Tripod Carry a Sturdy Tripod for Image Stabilization.Focus Keep Your Lens Focus to Infinity.Trigger You Can Use a Remote Trigger or Set the 2-10 Seconds Self-Timer of the Camera to Avoid Jerking while Pressing the Shutter Button.Lens Wide Lens (At least 24mm) for Full-Frame Cameras 18mm or Wider for APS-C Cameras  Seasonal Stargazing Calendar: What To See & When  Know when to watch meteor showers, the Milky Way, and Aurora Australis in the Great Barrier Island, New Zealand.  Season / Months Meteor Showers (Peak Dates) Milky Way Core Visibility Aurora Australis Chances Summer (December–February)• Geminids – Dec 13–14 (best annual shower) • Ursids – December 22• Quadrantids – January 3–4 (short, intense) • Early Morning Visibility• Low on Horizon before Dawn The chances of Aurora Australis visibility are low as geomagnetic activity is subdued; occasional events only during strong solar storms.Autumn (March to May) • Lyrids – April 22–23 • Eta Aquariids – May 5–6• Core Visibility from 2 AM to 5 AM There are moderate chances of seeing the Aurora Australis. As the nights grow longer, the chances become higher, and equinox-related geomagnetic boosts the visibility chances.Winter (June to August) • Bootids – June 27 (variable)• Southern Delta Aquariids – July 28–30• It is the Best Season for Milky Way Photography.• You Can See the Core for Most of the Night. These months offer high chances of seeing the Aurora Australis due to high solar wind and longer nights. The chances of seeing the Aurora increase after the Equinox.Spring (September to November) • Draconids – October 8th • Orionids – October 21–22 • Leonids – November 17th–18th• The Core Visibility Becomes Less in this Season.The September equinox gives strong geomagnetic activity. So, this season offers moderate to high chances for Aurora visibility. Stargazing-Friendly Accommodation & Camping  Camping on the Great Barrier Island, New Zealand, is the best option for stargazing. There are Department of Conservation (DoC) campsites such as Medlands Beach, Akapoua Bay, Harataonga, Awana Beach, The Green, and Whangapoua. In addition, Stay High Island Camping Co. and the Great Barrier Island Campground are two privately-owned campgrounds on the Great Barrier Island. Furthermore, stargazing tour providers, such as Good Heavens, can offer all-inclusive packages, including eco-friendly accommodations such as XSPOT Cliff House.  Beach Etiquette & Conservation For Night Sky Lovers  When you listen to the Maori stories about stars and celestial bodies, you have to respect their tradition. Be sensible, as the stories are a part of their value system and spiritual beliefs carried through generations. Our guide asked us to remain quiet during storytelling and participate in some cultural traditions. The more respectful you are toward their culture, the more enriching your experience will be. In addition, you have to abide by the light pollution rules and wildlife protection norms. 1. Light Pollution Rules  Great Barrier Island, New Zealand, is a designated Dark Sky Sanctuary. So, the protection of the dark sky is very important. So, you have to avoid using bright lights, and even if you need to use light for safety, keep the intensity low. Furthermore, you need to allow your eyes to adapt to the darkness of the sky. Slowly, you will also discover the faint stars. You can use a red laser light and binoculars to enhance the stargazing experience on the Great Barrier Island, New Zealand. 2. Wildlife Protection  Stargazing goes hand in hand with the wildlife tours on the Great Barrier Island. The sound of black petrels kept us alert during our entire stargazing experience on Medlands Beach. To protect the wildlife on and around your stargazing location, you must avoid feeding the animals and birds. Maintain a safe distance and remain on the marked routes to avoid disturbing their habitats and soil transfer. Furthermore, do not trespass on any private property, and you must not leave any litter behind. Adventure Add-Ons: Glowworms, Hot Springs & Night Kayaking  You can combine the stargazing experience on the Great Barrier Island with night kayaking at the Hauraki Gulf Marine Park. As you kayak, you will notice the water of the Great Barrier Island transforming into a surreal landscape. Furthermore, if you are on the Great Barrier Island around February-March, you will see bioluminescence in the water on warm and calmer days. In addition, taking a bath in the Kaitoke Hot Springs after sunset is an experience that you will remeber for the rest of your life. Final Tips For Your Aotea Stargazing Adventure  You need to have some knowledge about the moon phase if you want to enjoy stargazing on Great Barrier Island, New Zealand. The New Moon or the Crescent Moon is the ideal day for observing the night sky. Also, even in the summer months, the temperature drops drastically after sundown. So, you will have to wear layered clothes.  Moreover, keep flashlights dimmed or the brightness of your phone screen low to avoid light pollution.

BY  Sibashree Aug 9, 2024

Wrangell-St. Elias, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an icy wonderland. It is a place where active volcanoes and the largest glaciers, like Malaspina, coexist, making it “A Song of Ice and Fire.”  It also has some of the greatest mountain ranges in the world and mighty rivers. Further, unique geological features and weather conditions have made the national park a land of biodiversity and wilderness with a lot of mammals, birds, fish, and plants.  Let me take you on a tour of the Wrangell-St. Elias glaciers and everything the national park has to offer.   What Are The Notable Glaciers In Wrangell-St. Elias?  Nabesna Glacier, Malaspina Glacier, and Hubbard Glacier are the most notable ones in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park.   Along with these glaciers, you can also see glacier features like glacier caves, Jökulhlaups, and ice falls. Let’s briefly discuss the major glaciers and glacier features.   Malaspina Glacier Did you know that Malaspina Glacier is the “largest Piedmont glacier in the world?” Designated as a National Natural Landscape in 1968, it spans across 1,075,409 acres.   Further, its glacial mechanisms and fluctuations have made it a favorite of explorers. The glacier is also a favorite of space travelers as it looks vibrant from space.   In an article published by NASA Earth Observatory on 27th October 2023, we can find,  “The dark blueish-purple lines on the ice are moraines—areas where soil, rock, and other debris have been scraped up by the glacier and deposited along its edges. The zigzag pattern of the debris is caused by changes in the ice’s velocity. Glaciers in this area of Alaska periodically “surge” or lurch forward for one to several years. As a result of this irregular flow, the moraines can fold, compress, and shear to form the characteristic textures seen on Malaspina.”  Hubbard Glacier  Hubbard, “the sleeping giant,” is the largest when it comes to the tidewater glaciers in North America (75 miles long). The glacier gets its name from Gardiner Hubbard, National Geographic Society’s first president.   Also called the “Galloping Glacier,” it comes with tranquil blue ice. You can explore Hubbard Glacier through a cruise trip.   Visiting the Hubbard Glacier becomes more exciting as you meet the sea otters, whales, sea lions, and bears along the route.   Nabesna Glacier  With a length of 53 miles, Nabesna Glacier is the “longest interior valley glacier” in the world. However, there are concerns regarding the loss of ice mass in the glacier. A 2007 report says,  “Nabesna, the largest glacier in this region (˜1056 km2), lost mass four times faster during 2000–07 than during 1957–2000. Although accelerated, the mass change over this region is slower than in other glacierized regions of Alaska, particularly those with tidewater glaciers.”  Glacier Features In Wrangell-St. Elias  You will come across many fascinating glacier caves in Wrangell-St. Elias, especially near the Kennecott Mines National Historic Landmark.   Further, ice falls, or the fountains of the glacier, move very fast, and it’s fascinating to see how they form seracs or blocks.   Also, there are Jökulhlaups, or flooded glacier outbursts, adding to the various glacier features of the national park.    Amazing Glaciers of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park Facts  Mount  St. Elias, the largest peak of the national park, is the second-highest in the world.  Mount Wrangell, the only active volcano here, is one of the largest active volcanoes in North America.  It has Nabesna Glacier, Malaspina Glacier, and Hubbard Glacier, three of the largest in the world.   It is a part of the “world's largest international protected wilderness.”  Mid-May to mid-September is the best time to visit this park.   Wrangell-St. Elias: A UNESCO World Heritage Site  Home to countless glaciers and many high mountains, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park enjoys the status of a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with Kluane, Glacier Bay, and Tatshenshini-Alsek.   Also, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park is a part of the “largest non-polar icefield in the world.” You will find Dall's sheep, grizzly bears, caribou, and many other animals roaming in this part of the world.   Further, certain geographical and biological factors and “protection and management requirements” make this national park a place of outstanding universal value. Let’s discuss them in detail.   Rich In Biodiversity  The scenic beauty and geological diversity in the park are outstanding. It has sea mammals and other aquatic animals. Further, you can see many land mammals, birds, and different types of trees in this park.   The table below mentions some of the most popular birds, trees, and animals you can see here.   Land Mammals Brown Bears Polar Bears Black Bears Mountain Goats Dall Sheep Bison Coyotes Wolverine Porcupine Sea Mammals and Other Marine Creatures Whales Sea Lions Porpoises Harbor Seals Sea Otters Plants (936 Vascular Plant Species) Sedge Family Grass Family Sunflower Family Trees Willows Various Introduced Species Birds Bald Eagles Canada Geese Trumpeter Swans Wilson's Warblers American Robins  Home to boreal forest, Wrangell-St. Elias has one of the largest ecosystems in the world. Diverse geological features and unique weather conditions support this sprawling ecosystem or biodiversity.   Comes With Topographical Diversity   This national park is one of the most diverse in its topographical features. It has glaciers, rivers, river canyons, volcanoes, snow-capped mountains and whatnot!   Geomorphological features like hanging valleys, moraines, craters, and calderas also make this national park unique.   A Hub Of Active Tectonic, Volcanic, Glacial, And Fluvial Natural Processes   Like the entire Alaska, Wrangell-St. Elias is also in an area where tectonic, volcanic, glacial, and fluvial natural processes are common.   So, it has active and inactive volcanoes, the largest glaciers, and some prominent fluvial landforms. It has the mighty Copper River, Rivers of Life, and braided rivers formed of glacier water.   Final Words   Wrangell-St. Elias National Park has the highest glacier coverage among all national parks in America. It also has the active Mount Wrangell volcano, rivers, and wetlands, making it a place of geological interest.   Exploring the glacier caves and the ice falls here is a one-of-a-kind experience, and it’s wonderful to see how the richest biodiversity with mammals, birds, aquatic animals, and trees thrives here.   So, come and experience the brilliance of nature as you explore the largest glaciers of the world’s largest glaciers, such as Malaspina and Hubbard.   Or have you already been to this land of volcanoes and glaciers? Don’t forget to share your experience of the glaciers of Wrangell-St. Elias National Park tours.    Wrangell-St. Elias National Park FAQs   How Many Glaciers Are In Wrangell-St. Elias National Park?  Like the entire Alaska, Wrangell-St. Elias is filled with glaciers. According to the latest count of the National Park Service (NPS), the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park has 3,121 glaciers. Further, these glaciers cover a whopping “6,757 square miles of land.”  So, Wrangell-St. Elias has glaciers that cover 60% of all the glacier coverage in American National Parks. Glacier Bay in Alaska is the distant second to Wrangell-St. Elias. The glacier coverage at Glacier Bay is just 1/5th of Wrangell-St. Elias.  In addition, Malaspina, Hubbard, and the Bering glaciers, located along the park’s southern margin, are three of the largest glaciers in the world.   Having said that, glacier coverage in Alaska is shrinking, and  Wrangell-St. Elias is not an exception. From 1985 to 2020, it has already experienced a 5% reduction in its glacier coverage.   How many People Visit Wrangell-St. Elias National Park Each Year?  The National Park Service has a record of visitors to Wrangell-St. Elias National Park since 1982. Since then, this park has been enjoying thousands of footfalls every year.  2023 was one of the topmost years in terms of number of people visiting  Wrangell-St. Elias. It had 78,305 visitors in 2023.  In 2020 (the Covid-19 era), the park had 16,655 visitors. From 2021, the number of visitors has increased consistently. (Source)  What Is Unique About Wrangell-St. Elias National Park?  With the largest glaciers and volcanoes in the world, Wrangell-St. Elias is unique because of its geographical features. It is also one of the most prominent hubs of biodiversity. Thanks to its extensive glacier and volcanic coverage and rich wildlife, it has earned the status of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.  Among glaciers, Hubbard (one of the largest in the world and the largest tidewater glacier in North America) and Malaspina Glacier demand a special mention.   The Mount Wrangell volcano in this park is still active, and some other volcanoes here are Mount Drum, Capital Mountain, Skookum Creek Volcano, etc.  Further, it has an endangered sea mammal, Steller Sea Lion, and other marine animals. Bears, mountain goats, and sheep are common land mammals roaming here.   Also, you will find birds like the American robins, Wilson's warblers, and dark-eyed junco in this national park.   What Is The Highest Peak In Wrangell-St. Elias?  Mount St. Elias is the highest peak in Wrangell-St. Elias. With a height of 18,008 feet, it is also the second-highest peak in North America.   Having said that, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park celebrates the presence of four major mountain ranges in the world. It has the eastern part of the Alaskan Range, St. Elias, Chugach, and Wrangell.   Why Is Wrangell-St. Elias Protected?  Wrangell-St. Elias is protected to “preserve and protect ecological integrity and heritage resources of a vast ecosystem in south-central Alaska, while providing for public use in a wilderness setting.”  So, it is protected to preserve the local geology and diversity of the landscape with glaciers, volcanoes, and wetlands. It is also a measure to preserve wildlife and its inhabitants. Also read Ultimate Guide to Your Next Family Vacation in Israel. Paris Transforming Historical Sites Into Olympic Venues. Whales And Sea Lions! Exploring Wildlife At Kenai Fjords National Park.