The wild heart of Katmai National Park harbors 14 active volcanoes. This national park of around 5 million acres surpasses the magnificence of the Grand Canyon National Park, and kayaking, canoeing, and hiking here are one-of-a-kind experiences.
One of the oldest national parks, Katmai National Park, was established in 1918. Novarupta Volcano eruption on 6th June 1912 was destructive, and preservation of the habitation around Mount Katmai was crucial.
The National Park Service website says,
“Lasting three days, the largest volcanic eruption of the twentieth century exploded June 6, 1912, from a new volcano, Novarupta. In the process, it created Katmai caldera and the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes. Not only have the 1912 events remained scientifically important ever since, but also the 1912 deposits continue to provide insights about volcanic and magmatic processes that impact us and the land we live in.” (Source)
Today, this national park is a living account of human history, and it is the home for brown bears and salmons. It is also one of the most popular destinations for volcanologists because it’s still active. Further, it has a handsome number of visitors every year, and in 2023, the number of footfall was 33,763. (Source)
Do you also want to explore this magnificent volcanic landscape? Let me be your guide.
Why Are So Many Volcanoes In Katmai National Park?
With “50 discrete volcanic vents,” Katmai National Park is the center of attention of many. But why does it have so many volcanoes?
Volcanoes in the Aleutian volcanic arc and Katmai National Park are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. “The Ring of Fire is home to 75% of the world’s volcanoes and 90% of its earthquakes.” (Source)
Many call the Ring of Fire the Circum-Pacific Belt, and many tectonic plates meet here. Due to the constant movements of these plates (especially the subduction of the Oceanic Pacific Plate under the North American Plate every year), volcanic eruptions and earthquakes take place here.
Along with the eruption of Novarupta-Katmai in 1912, there are also records of the eruption of Mount Trident from 1953 to 1974.
The latest volcanic eruption in Katmai happened with the venting of Fourpeaked Volcano in 2006. Here is an excerpt from a report published on the 2006 volcanic eruption of Fourpeaked Volcano.
“On September 17, 2006 Fourpeaked Mountain, a glacier-clad stratovolcano with no known Holocene activity, produced a plume of steam, ash, and SO2, which rose to 6000 m above sea level. The plume was observed by eye-witnesses, seen on weather radar, and also appeared in SO2-sensitive satellite imagery. Concurrent with the plume, regional seismic stations recorded a swarm of volcano-tectonic earthquakes while an atmospheric infrasound signal was recorded 800 km away. Air and ground reconnaissance revealed a linear series of vigorously steaming vents in the summit glacier, stretching about 1 km down the north flank of the volcano.”
So, are you ready to know about the active and rugged volcanoes in Katmai National Park. The next section gives you a detailed overview.
Know The Volcanoes In Katmai National Park
Volcanoes erupt for a short span if you study the entire timetable of a volcano. However, the eruption is only the outcome of activities that take place for years or even centuries. Similarly, the volcanoes in Katmai National Park have faced long intermittent periods between the occurrences of small and big eruptions.
Further, the volcanic activities and earthquakes taking place in Katmai due to tectonic movements have a major impact on human lives across generations.
Here, I present a brief overview of a few volcanoes out of the 14 in Katmai.
Mount Katmai
Mount Katmai has recorded the highest explosive incidents in the Katmai volcanic cluster. Active for over 70,000 years, the two cones of Mount Katmai were beheaded due to the caldera collapse in 1912.
The eruptive products of Mount Katmai are varied in their compositions, including basalt and rhyodacite.
Mount Griggs
Mount Griggs, the tallest peak in the district, is 2,530 m tall. Despite having young lava flows, some of the deposits in Mount Griggs are 290,000 years old.
The volcano is still active and you will get to see the yellow sulfurous steam around its summit.
Trident Volcano
Trident Volcano is one of the older volcanoes in Katmai. From 1953 to 1974, Trident Volcano had many eruptions. However, the highest and the central volcanic cone of Trident Volcano has been lying dormant for around 10000 years.
Mount Mageik
Mount Mageik has four discrete eruptive centers covered with snow. However, glaciers have caused severe decay in three of these lava centers. It is a younger volcano in Katmai, with its lava aged between 4,000 and 93,000.
The last eruption of Mount Mageik happened 2500 years ago. It caused a crater between two Mount Mageik summits. Today, the crater is filled with an acid lake, exuding steam curls.
Alagogshak Volcano
Alagogshak stands at the southwesternmost corner of the Katmai volcanic cluster. It is also the oldest in the Katmai family of volcanoes. The lavas in this volcano are 40,000-680,000 years old.
Peak 6875, Snowy Mountain
Peak 6875 is a young dome made of dacite lava. The scoop-shaped peak looks like a natural amphitheater.
Spectacular Landscapes Created By Volcanic Activities In Katmai National Park
The volcanoes in Katmai have created some interesting landscapes, and their activities have encouraged geologists to explore the possibilities. Nonetheless, the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes is the most prominent volcanic landscape in Katmai.
It is the work of the largest volcanic eruption in the 20th century. The Novarupta Volcano eruption on 6th June 1912 created this valley.
There are various exciting destinations in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes. For the geologists and people studying volcanoes, Novarupta is the ultimate destination. The dome causing the massive eruption in 1912 still carries warm steam.
It is also the most colorful place in the valley, thanks to its kaleidoscopic views caused by the deposition of ash, pumice, and other minerals.
Another popular destination in the valley is the Buttress Range Ridge. Here, you will catch a glimpse of the extensive wildlife in Katmai. Along with the bears, you will also find ptarmigan, ground squirrels, and caribou.
Other fascinating spots to explore in this valley are Katmai Pass, Southwest Trident Lava Flows, Knife Creek Glaciers, Mount Katmai Caldera, Mageik Lakes, etc.
Did You Know?
Katmai has the largest population of protected brown bears in North America.
It is home to around 2000 creatures.
Robert F. Griggs, a botanist who named Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, played an active role in designating Katmai as a national park.
Dumpling Mountain offers the best view of Katmai National Park.
The annual Fat Bear Week in Katmai is a tournament-style competition, and online visitors can choose the winner of the tournament through voting.
Katmai National Monument was established in 1918. The redesignation of the protected and expanded area as a National Park happened in 1980.
Final Words
Active volcanoes add to the spectacle of Katmai National Park, and they attract the most adventurous souls across the globe.
The volcanoes are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, and they have an eruptive history, with the last incident occurring in 2006.
AOV, or the Alaska Volcano Observatory, is in charge of monitoring the activities of these volcanoes. It also records the incidents of eruptions from dedicated monitoring stations. Two webcams are also installed at Fourpeaked and Katmai for continuous vigilance of the volcanic landscape.
So, are you ready to visit Mount Griggs, Mount Katmai, and other volcanoes in Katmai National Park? Do you want to have an exciting encounter with wildlife? Don’t forget to share your experience with us!
Katmai National Park FAQs
How To Explore Katmai National Park?
You cannot reach Katmai National Park by road. You can take a floatplane from Kodiak, Anchorage, or Homer. Further, you can take a boat or floatplane from King Salmon.
Both routes lead to the Brooks Camp shore.
What Is Special About Katmai National Park?
Katmai National Park is known for its active and extensive volcanic landscape. It has 14 volcanoes. Further, it is the home to around 2000 species, including brown bears.
You can enjoy your time here by hiking through the trails or boating or canoeing.
What Type Of Volcano Is Katmai Mountain?
Katmai Mountain is a stratovolcano and it had two big cone-shaped volcanoes. The caldera collapse in 1912 beheaded the two cones.
What Wildlife Is In Katmai National Park?
Brown bears are the most popular animals in Katmai National Park. In fact, the national park has the largest population of protected brown bears in North America.
Moose, gray wolves, sea otters, and humpback whales are fascinating animals here. Overall, it is home to around 2000 species of creatures.
What Type Of Trees Are In Katmai National Park?
Sitka spruce, alder thickets, and willow are popular trees in Katmai. You will also find plants like lowbush cranberry, cow parsnip, labrador tea, and watermelon berries here.
Reference:
National Park Service: “Since 1916, the National Park Service has been entrusted with the care of our national parks. With the help of volunteers and partners, we safeguard these special places and share their stories with more than 318 million visitors every year. But our work doesn’t stop there.”
Harvard University: “Harvard experts, researchers, and leaders all around the globe make contributions—from public health to conflict resolution—that transcend borders, forge connections, and strengthen communities.”
National Geographic: National Geographic is a “world leader in geography, cartography and exploration.”
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Lassen Volcanic National Park was in the news recently as the fourth-largest wildfire in California exploded out of proportion. The park's officials evacuated staff from the Mineral community near the park headquarters.
120 people were there in the community, and the evacuation started as the fire started moving east to the park on the evening of 26th July 2024.
However, the park fire reached near containment in August, and on 17th August 2024, the park was partially reopened. You may wonder what to see in Lassen Volcanic National Park after the fire breakout and if there is any significant destruction in the places of interest in the park.
Let me assure you. The park officials stated that the fire had never entered the park. However, there are still risks in the southern part of the park and Mill Creek and Mineral communities.
Nevertheless, the reopened parts of the park are out of danger despite some lingering smoke. So, Subway Cave, located around 15 miles north of Lassen Volcanic National Park, is one of the safest sites to explore after the fire incident. Make a rush, as it remains open from late April to November.
What To See In Lassen Volcanic National Park After The Fire Breakout (Exploring The Underground World Of A Lava Tube)
Yes, you got me right! I am talking about the Subway Cave. The self-guided trail inside the cave is ⅓ miles long and 30 feet wide, and complete darkness is inside. So, many call it the journey into darkness. The USDA Forest Service maintains the cave, which remains open from dawn to dusk.
Before I get into more stories and facts about the cave, I want to present the basics you need to know briefly.
Important Facts About Subway Cave, Lassen National Volcanic Park Location in the ParkA 2-minute walk from the parking lot near the junction of “Highway 89” and “Highway 44” in Old StationAmenitiesPicnic TablesDrinking WaterParkingToiletsInterpretive SiteFeesFree (You can make donations)Pet-FriendlyNoParking FacilitiesMany Parking Facilities, Buses and RVsOutdoor ActivitiesInterpretative Sessions, Caving, PicnicTemperature Inside the Cave46 Degree Farrenheit Nearby AttractionShasta County (Mountainous landscape and multiple picnic locations)Nearby Trails*Cinder Crone TrailSpattercone Nature TrailButte Lake to Widow Lake, etc.
*Many hiking trails in the park, such as the Lassen Peak, Bumpass Hell, and Mill Creek Falls, are closed as the park has partially reopened after the recent wildfire explosion. So, check with the park authorities before you plan a hike on the park trails.
This Is How The Subway Cave Was Formed
If you are a keen learner of geology and want to know what to see in Lassen Volcanic National Park, you cannot avoid the lure of Subway Cave. I have already shared an account on the geothermal wonders of the park. This cave is an example of how lava flowed around 20000 years ago and created some magic.
A major lava explosion happened all across the Hat Creek area around 20000 years ago. The top layer of the lava flow became cold and hard in contact with air. Thus, a hard cap was formed. However, there was a continuous flow of molten lava below this cap.
The molten lava drained out Over time, but a hollow tube structure remained there. As you hike this trail, you will find traces of the more recent lava flows.
Route To The Subway Cave
Is Bumpass Hell on your list of what to see in Lassen Volcanic National Park? Are you planning a trip to the park soon? Then, you will be disappointed as the Bumpass Hell trek route is closed after the park has reopened following the recent fire breakout.
Further, as Bumpass Hell is closed, you must take the Warner Valley Area route to Devils Kitchen, which is the cave's opening. Devils Kitchen is a 4.4-mile hike from the Warner Valley Area (camping here is closed for 2024).
Accessing The Subway Cave
You have to climb down metal stairs as you access the Subway Cave. You will get down into a wide opening in the ground. The ground surface has a leveled floor. However, you must be careful as you get off the stair flight.
Further, you must wear sturdy footwear to avoid injuries and difficulties where the floor gets rough.
Fortunately, the ceiling and walls are quite smooth, minimizing the hiking difficulty level while hiking. Also, there is complete darkness inside the cave. So, you will need a flashlight to make it to the end.
The weather inside is a little cold, even in summer. So you will need a light jacket. Moreover, don’t forget to read and follow the interpretative signs through the trail to better understand the place.
The best thing about this park is that it’s 30 feet wide. So, even with complete darkness inside, you never feel suffocated.
What To See In Lassen Volcanic National Park Subway Cave
It is not a long walk inside the Subway Cave. However, this short walk is enough to make it feature on the list of what to see in Lassen Volcanic Park.
Lucifer’s Cul-de-sac (An Attraction Very Few Knows About)
Have you listened to Satan’s Cul-de-sac from Gangland Buries Its Own? The first thing that may amaze you inside the cave is Lucifer’s Cul-de-sac. There is a split as you enter the cave, and you are to turn to the right if you want to continue the trail.
However, you will notice a big room if you are adventurous enough to turn left, when I tell you about Lucifer’s Cul-de-sac, The ceiling height starts from 6 feet and gets higher up to 15 feet.
The most amazing thing about this room inside the cave is the rock formation on the ceiling and walls. It’s gothic and justified its name.
https://open.spotify.com/track/6cq37W4OXjEdQRLh2IVQOF
As The Hike Advances
The ceiling height will vary as you continue the trek, and there are small boulder-like rock formations in many places. So, be careful with your steps and do not stumble upon them. Also, because of these rock formations, you must not wear an open-toe shoe while walking through the cave.
Nevertheless, the ceiling formation is fascinating, and in one section, it looks like stoned rainfall or water ripples. The section is called the Lavacicle Lane. Molten lava dripped off through the cracks in the ceiling cave, and there were formations of “drip pendants” or “lavacicles.”
Further, as you plan to take the exit, you notice all the colors in the lava rock formation, including green, blue, white, and brown lines.
Getting Out Of The Subway Cave
As you approach the end of the cave, you will find a metal stair flight similar to the one at the entrance. From the top of the exit staircase, you can hike through an on-ground trail to the west or north to find the parking lot.
However, I prefer to take another walk through the cave and get back to the entrance. It will be so much fun to explore this unique geological formation again.
Things To Remember Before Getting Into The Darkness Of The Subway Cave
Subway Cave is a hidden gem if you consider what to see in Lassen Volcanic National Park. However, once you take the hike and read the interpretative signs, you will learn why it is geologically unique.
Nevertheless, you must be careful about certain things to ensure complete safety throughout the hike.
You will find rattlesnakes in the trail, and you have to be respectful to these reptiles. You must not make any move to catch or hurt them. Moreover, you cannot go off trails or litter inside the cave.
No food, water, or firelighting is allowed inside the cave. There are picnic areas nearby for you to catch refreshments. Wish you a safe, easy, and fun-filled experience inside the Subway Cave!
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